英语教案电子版模板表格（共4篇）

第1篇：教案表格英语

教案表格模板英语

【篇1：小学英语教案表格模板】

课 时 集 体 备 课 教 案

年级：学科：主备：年月日

课 时 集 体 备 课 教 案

年级：_ 六年级 学科：__英语___主备：年月日

课 时 集 体 备 课 教 案

年级：_ 六年级 学科：__英语___主备：年月日

课 时 集 体 备 课 教 案

年级：_ 六年级 学科：__英语___主备：年月日

【篇2：英语教学设计表格】

【篇3：英语教案标准格式】

教学设计(15分)

根据下面题为have you ever been to disneyland?一文的内容，进行教材分析和处理，并回答相关问题。

要求：“教学目标、教学重难点、教学过程、教学评价和教学方法”的确定与设计要体现《全日制义务教育英语课程标准》的基本理念;遵循语言教学的规律，符合教学对象的认知特点和心理特征;重点突出，条理清晰(中、英文均可)。

have you ever been to disneyland?

most of us have probably heard of mickey mou

se, donald duck, and many famous disney characters.perhaps we have even seen them in movies.but have you ever been to disneyland? in fact, there are now several different disneyland amusement parks around the world.disneyland is an amusement park, but we can also call it a theme park.it has all the normal attractions that you can find at an amusement park, but it also has a theme.the theme, of course, is disney movies and disney characters.for example, you can find a roller coaster in most amusement parks, but in disneyland, the theme of the roller coaster is disney characters.this means that you can find disney characters all over the roller coaster.you can also watch disney movies, eat in disney restaurants, and buy disney gifts.and you can see disney characters walking around disneyland all the time!

have you ever heard of a disney cruise? these are huge boats that also have the disney theme.you can take a ride on the boat for several days, and you can sleep and eat on board.there are also many attractions on board, just like any other disneyland.you can shop, go to disney parties, and eat dinner with mickey mouse!the boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.that is disneys own island.it is just so much fun in disneyland!

根据上面题为have you ever been to disneyland?一文的内容，进行教材分析和处理，并回答下列问题。1.确定这节课的具体教学目标。(3分)2.确定这节课的教学重点和难点。(3分)

3.设计这节课的教学过程，并写出各教学步骤的具体做法和主要内容。(7分)

4.设计这节课对学生的评价方法。(3分)5.写出这节课的板书设计(4分)

第2篇：少 儿 英 语 教 案 模 板

少 儿 英 语 教 案 模 板

一、Teaching Demands and Aims(教学目标）

二、Teaching important and difficult point(教学重点）

1、words

2、sentences

3、grammars

三、Teaching Aids(教具)

四、Teaching procedures(教学过程）Greeting(问候）warm up(热身）Review(复习）New Leon(新课）Step One: Step Two: Step Three: Follow up(叮咛）

五、Homework(作业布置）

作 业 的 布 置

一、书面作业

1、每节课后教师可适当选择课后习题(书本或课外参考书）及字母作业。

2、低年纪的孩子适合听磁带读课文、画图、连线、写字母等简单作业；每学期两次测试：半期考和期末考试。

3、高年纪的孩子要求抄单词、背单词、背课文等书面作业；每节课前可做适当的听写练习；每个月可做适当的单元测试；期间两次大考：半期考和期末考。

二、磁带作业

1、适时布置(条件允许可每周一次）：将本周学习的内容录进磁带，下周上交。

2、录制要求：首先让学生和老师打招呼，接着报朗诵单元，然后录作业内容，最后与老师说再见。(如：Hello!Amanda.I am Go go.This is Unit 11„„„ Goodbye!Amanda!)

3、听音修正：

(1)书面记录：边听边把学生的错音登记在学生手册上。(2)修正过程：

A：打招呼，先表扬肯定，后提出错误，注意错音的跟读 B：说悄悄话，增进师生感情交流 C：提出问题。

D：结束Say:“ Good bye!”

三、电话教学

1、时间安排：每月两次的电话教学，每生教学时间不超过8分钟。

2、教学内容：

(1)本周学习单词及课文的朗诵。(2)词句的翻译。(3)疑难解答。(4)家长的经验交流。

第3篇：研究生英语阅读教程(下册)教案电子版2

Unit Seven: The Virtues of Ambition

Joseph Epstein

Explanation of the Text

1.define it and you instantly reveal a great deal about yourself: the way you personally define ambition will tell a lot about you, your dreams, your desire, your values, your philosophy, etc.reveal v.: make known something that was previously secret or hidden e.g.He revealed that he had been in prison twice before.His biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought.These letters revealed him as an honest man.2.give itself away: reveal itself give oneself/someone away: reveal oneself/someone;show one's real self secret e.g.The swindler gave himself away when he was asked to establish his identity.She really likes him and thinks no one knows, but the look on her face when I mentioned his name gave her away.3.aumes a heat incommensurate with good sense and stability: takes on a desire disproportionate to good sense and stability be commensurate with/to: match something in size, quality, or length of time;suitable 相称的,相当的 e.g.The salary will be commensurate with age, experience and position.He was given a job commensurate with his abilities.be commensurable to/with: can be measured by the same standard as 相应的，匀称的 e.g.Their achievements are not commensurable to their hard work.4.be ambitious for the public good, for the alleviation of suffering, for the enlightenment of mankind: strive to be succeful, rich, powerful, etc., in order to help the public, to ease human suffering, to enlighten mankind 5.Surely ambition is behind dreams of glory: Ambition makes poible dreams of glory.Pay attention to the meaning of "behind" in the following sentences: e.g.: I knew that behind(=hidden by)her smile was sadne.Marie Curie was the woman behind(=responsible for)enormous changes in the science of chemistry.He wondered what was behind(=the true reason for)his neighbor's sudden friendline.We're all behind(= in support of you in this decision.6.distinction n.: 1)claification of two or more;a clear difference between two similar things 区分，区别 e.g.Do other countries have the same distinction between amateur and profeional? Look at them closely when they occur separately and the distinction between them is then clear.2)quality of excellence;honor, mark of respect 非凡，卓越 e.g.He is a man of distinction in his own country.I had the great distinction of being invited to speak at the conference.7.What life does with our dreams and expectations: What will actually happen to our dreams and expectations during our lives.do with: get on with somebody;have a connection with something.e.g.: Truth to tell, I don't know how to do with him.The program has to do with mental illne.do without: get along without 没有...也行 e.g.As Old Li isn't here, we shall have to do without him.1 8.The unpredictability of the outcome of dreams is no reason to cease dreaming: Although the outcome of dreams cannot be predicted, one shouldn't stop dreaming.9.the sheer thing: The word sheer is used for emphasis, and the sheer thing means the simple, pure thing.e.g.The suggestion is sheer nonsense.The engine's sheer size would make it difficult to transport.10.some larger purpose than merely clambering up: a reason to do more than merely climb up socially or materially 11.prospect n.: likelihood;something one expects e.g.There was little prospect of significant military aid.Succe or failure here would be crucial to his future prospects.She rejoiced at the prospect of the China trip.12.As drunks have done to alcohol, the single-minded have done to ambition-given it a bad name: Just as people who have had too much alcohol have given alcohol a bad name, so people who have had only one aim, to get what they themselves want, have given ambition a bad name.13.Like a taste for alcohol, too, ambition does not always allow for easy satiation: As with people who enjoy the taste of alcohol, it is very difficult for ambitious people to become satisfied, they usually want to obtain more and more.Taste here means preference.satiate v.:(usu.paive)completely satisfy(oneself or one's needs)e.g.He drank greedily until his thirst was satiated.The company can hardly produce enough of these toys to satiate public demand.14.driving ambition under the counter: forcing ambition to become secret and hidden under the counter: secretly;illegally e.g.handle busine under the counter;The banned book was sold under the counter.At least one of my own novels has to be sold under the counter as though it were whisky.(...好像私下里卖 whisky 似的)15.The ambitious individual, far from identifying himself and his fortunes with the group, wishes to rise above it: An ambitious person does not want to be part of a group, but he wishes to progre and outdistance it.Far from: not at all e.g.The newspaper accounts are far from(being)true.He was far from the attainment of his object.It isn't far from the truth.Far from eye, far from heart.眼不见，心不想。identify...with: equate with;aociate oneself with 等同，联系 e.g.If I protested he would at once identify me with his father.It is a mistake to identify art with life.She has always been identified with the radical left.I didn't enjoy the movie because I couldn't identify with any of the characters.(I didn't enjoy the movie because I felt unable to share or understand the situation or feelings of any of the characters.)2 16.argue those poeed by it into believing: persuade those who are controlled by ambition to believe argue...into: persuade to do something e.g.: They argued him into adoption of the plan.You want to argue me into agreeing your proposal? poe vt.: control e.g.I'm absolutely dreading making the after-dinner speech-I don't know what poeed me to agree to it.poeed(by)a.: obseed(with)e.g.She is poeed by her drive to get into the best college.If you behave like someone poeed, you behave in a wild and uncontrolled manner(often aociated with an evil spirit)so that other people don't understand you.17.a dog-eat-dog world: a world that is very competitive or a very competitive world where the weak are the prey of the strong 18.they are distinguished by wanting to be the dogs that do the eating: what makes them different is that they want to come out on top in the competition 19.From here it is but a short hop believe: From this point, it is easy to think...but: only, just(It can also be used to give force to a statement.)e.g.She's but a young girl!Everyone, but everyone, will be there.20.through corruption: by dishonest and illegal means 21.high places: high positions 22.on ambition's behalf: because of ambition on someone's behalf(on behalf of someone): because of;representing;for the sake of e.g.Please don't leave on my behalf.On behalf of the company as a whole, I would like to thank you for all your work.Unfortunately, George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this award on his behalf.23.not least:(usu.not the least)especially e.g.The president's speeches were alarming, not(the)least to the country's allies.not the least/not in the least/not the least bit: none at all;not at all e.g.She didn't seem the least bit worried.24.There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this: The situation is filled with hypocrisy.a note of: showing someone's thinking and feeling by the way their voice sounds 口气，特征 e.g.a note of anger/jealousy/anxiety 25.Certainly people do not seem le interested in succe and its accoutrements now than formerly: Certainly people now seem as much interested in succe and the comforts that come with it as before.accoutrement:(usually in pl)equipment 3 26.lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive, vulgar: in order that they not be thought ambitious, greedy ill-mannered, lest: in case;in order that...not e.g.: I'll be kind to her lest she decide to leave me.27.Instead we are treated to fine pharisaical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: We see more hypocritical examples now than ever.treat...to: supply...with...e.g.I shall treat myself to a good weekend holiday.John treated Linda to the theater when they met first time.I offered to treat you to dinner.treat n.: a special event;something pleasant e.g.Granny took us for tea at Lyons Conner House as a special treat.A meal at home came as a real treat after all the institutional food I've been having.28.quarter: find lodging 29.in all phases of life: in all stages of life 30.its public defenders are few and unimpreive, where they are not extremely unattractive: Public defenders of ambition are few.In the cases where they are not extremely repulsive, they are unimpreive.where conj.: It can be used to introduce a clause that contrasts with the other part of the sentence.e.g.Where most people saw nothing but a hardened criminal, John saw a lonely and desperate man.31.As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and inculcated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States: As a result, support for ambition as a respected value to be taught to youth is lower than ever in the US.inculcate...in/into somebody e.g.: inculcate young people the duty of loyality 32.at an end: finished e.g.This latest injury must surely mean that her tennis career is now at an end.33.its stirrings and promoting: its stimulation and encouragement 34.as witne the blatant pratings of its contemporary promoters: as shown in the offensive ongoing idle talk of its current sponsors.35.get on in life: be succeful in life 36.distrustful of ambition: suspicious about/of ambition be distrustful of: be suspicious about e.g.I was distrustful of his motives.37.were to blame for: were responsible for;were the reason for e.g.: The hot weather is partly to blame for the water shortage.4 38.is morally a two-sided street: has two sides to it.A two-sided street is a metaphor.One side means blind ambition, that is to say, sacrificing some morally important things because of ambition.The other side indicates that ambition is not important enough to sacrifice moral principles for it.39.Place next to John Dean Andrew Carnegie: Place Andrew Carnegie next John Dean 40.among other philanthropic acts: besides other philanthropic acts 41.excees:actions so bad that they pa the limits expected of human behavior 过度行为，暴行 e.g.: The soldiers in the conquered town committed the worst excees.42.worldly or unworldly things: material or spiritual things

43.holding many of its disparate elements together: hold/keep...together: remain united e.g.: use a pin to hold the pages together;The needs of the children often hold a marriage together.disparate c.f.: desperate!44.Remove ambition and the eential elements...: If we remove ambition, the eential elements...45.as opposed to:(you are contrasting 2 things and you want to emphasize the first one)相反，而不是 e.g.There is a need for technical colleges as opposed to universities.He was wearing a grey lightweight suit as opposed to his usual check sports jacket.The juvenile offender's misbehavior should be well treated, as opposed to being punished.46.incidentally: by the way e.g.: I must go now.Incidentally, if you want that book I'll bring it next.47.run on: be concerned with, have as a subject e.g.His talk ran on recent developments in the industry.Bright's mind kept running foolishly on the same theme.48.shorn of: having lost completely e.g.The gambler came home shorn of his money.shear of:(fig)deprive of;strip bare of: be shorn of one's right;His recent illne has shorn him of strength.49.superfluous: more than is neceary or wanted;redundant ample: 1)more than enough e.g.: We have ample money for the journey.2)large, with plenty of space e.g.There is ample room for an garden.50.unrelievedly: completely e.g.: unrelievedly dull unrelieved adj.not varied in any way;continuous or complete e.g.unrelieved anxiety/darkne

5 Comprehension

1.(1)ambition is an ardent desire for rank, fame, or power(2)ambition is incommensurate with good sense and stability(3)one can be ambitious for the public good, for the alleviation of suffering and for

the enlightenment of mankind 2.The main idea of this part is that, although for a long time ambition has come

under heavy attack, and has been given a bad name, and can be dangerous, it is by no means a completely bad thing.3.Aspect 2: Most ambitious people are to be distrusted.Aspect 3: The outcome of ambitious dreams is usually unpredictable.Aspect 4: Ambition does not always allow for easy satisfaction;single-minded ambitious people give ambition a bad name.antisocial;ignore the collectivity;socially detached;on his own;out for his own;

far from identifying himself and his fortunes with the group;wish to rise above

the group;battle;jesuitical;dog-eat-dog world 4.According to the information conveyed in paragraph 4, it is very easy to believe

that the common goals of ambition such as money, fame, and power are often

achieved by dishonest means.5.According to the worst that can be said about ambitious people in paragraph 4，one might think that any high-ranking politician must have gone against moral

principles in order to climb so high.By using this example, the writer suggests

that the worst idea about ambition seems unreasonable.6.The writer thinks if ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared, and it must be esteemed by people who are themselves admired.But strangely, those who enjoy the rewards of ambition have claimed to have given up on ambition as ideals.So the writer gives readers a warning that there is a heavy note of hypocrisy.Four examples are mentioned.They are(1)the revolutionary lawyer,(2)the critic of American materialism,(3)the publisher of radical books, and(4)the journalist.7.The surface meaning is to try every means to succeed but not to appear ambitious.The deep meaning is that nowadays the educated are more hypocritical than before.8.(1)F(2)T(3)F

9.The Watergate incident is a good example to show readers why many people are naturally istrustful

of ambition.And from this example the author gives readers some advice on the relationship

between ambition and morality.10.It refers to ignoble actions versus kind and helpful actions.The Watergate affair is an example of ignoble actions and Andrew Carnegie, a Benefactor, is an example of someone who performed kind and helpful actions.11.because to discourage ambition is to discourage dreams of greatne.12.No.The author thinks ambition should be admired, and he also mentions ambition must be underscored.Even in the last paragraph , he says how unrelievedly boring life would be without ambition.Although the author mentions a number of good things that would exist if there were no ambition, he criticizes what the world would be like without competition, without creativity, because he thinks there would be no progre，6 or development in such a world.The communication technique used here is disproving.13.It is impoible for a world to be empty of ambition.If it were, the life in it would be very boring and nobody would endure it.14.Part 2(paragraph 4 to paragraph 5)"What is the worst that can be said about ambition?"

Part 3(paragraph 6 to paragraph 7)"There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this."

Part 4(paragraph 8 to paragraph 11)"To discourage ambition is to discourage dreams of greatne." Key to vocabulary and structure A.1.distinction 2.sheer 3.commensurate 4.refraining 5.incidentally 6.alleviate 7.deemed 8.are blamed for 9.impulse 10.come acro B.1.give...away 2.going at 3.imbued with 4.identify...with 5.has risen above 6.own up 7.allow

for 8.treat...to 9.Dog-eat-dog 10.the counter C.1.choice;choose;chosen;2.inextricable 3.shorn 4.definition 5.increasingly 6.social 7.Participatory 8.acquisitive 6.weighing 10.intimacy D.1.D)to pay them 2.A)Much as 3.D)endearing himself 4.C)number of 5.D)ignored 6.D)differently 7.A)respond 8.C)no more 9.B)that 10.C)/ E.1.holds 2.therefore 3.Does 4.really 5.empty 6.of 7.succe 8.nor 9.not 10.exists 11.likely 12.in 13.historial 14.upbringing 15.condition 16.choicelene 17.honorably 18.trivial 19.how 20.ours Key to theTranslation from English into Chinese A.1.毫无疑问，雄心大志期望的是荣耀，财富，爱情，非凡，成就，欢乐与善良美德。当然，伴随我们的抱负与希望，我们的生活将会是怎样，这些总是无法意料的。有些想法，出发点是丝毫不为自己，但结果却是结下深仇；而有些计划，原意是为了自己，但到头来却是为他人做了善事。计划，设想的结果虽然难以预测，但仍无理由阻止计划与设想的进行。

2.

不难想象，没有抱负与雄心的社会将会是怎样的。它很可能是一个比较随和的社会：没有要求，没有矛盾，也没有失望。人们有时间深思。他们所做的工作不是为了自己，而是为了集体。从来没有竞争。冲突将被消灭，紧张已成为过去。不再需要创造力。艺术不再是高深未测的，它的作用纯粹是为了欢庆与颂扬。家庭作为一个社会的单元将成为多余，它以前的束缚力已消失。长寿会增加，因为 7 死于由于紧张，辛劳的工作引起的心脏病与中风的人会越来越少。思虑将不复存在。人类长期地摆脱抱负，欲望的压力，日子会过得越来越舒坦。

B.Key to the translation from Chinese into English 1.In spite of her recent election succe, she remains first and foremost a writer, not a

politician.2.Ambition is always identified with rank, fame and power.So many people have

been unwilling to talk about their dreams for a long time.3.Surely, if you want to be famous, it is neceary for you to have ideals, because it is

behind the accomplishment, but different from ambition.4.Ambition is often regarded as being commensurate with bad sense because the single-minded have tried to achieve their goals by fair means or foul and often harm others.5.Truly ambitious people seem to be modest but actually they are on their own.6.Certainly people are very interested in their rank and fame.But what has

happened is that they do not own up to it.7.Some people try to go on in life at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious.We should be aware that there is a note of hypocrisy.8.Although he has come under attack and has been considered ambitious, but none

of them are strong enough to make him give up on his dreams.9.It is not difficult to imagine a world shorn of ambition.It would probably be a world with no progre, no development.And, of course, it would be a tedious world.10.To develop our society, we need a large number of people who have both ideals and ambition, because both of these have the power to inspire people to further efforts.Therefore, either of them is an important part of society.Reading practice 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A

Unit 8 The Harm That Good Men Do

Bertrand Ruell 8

1.Introduction to the Author

Bertrand Arthur William Ruell(1872-1970)was known as a British philosopher, logician, eayist and social critic, best known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy.His most influential contributions include his defense of logicism(the view that mathematics in in some important sense reducible to logic), and his theories of definite descriptions and logical atomism.Along with G.E.Moore, Ruell is generally recognized as one of the founders of analytic philosophy.Along with Kurt Godel, he is also often credited with being one of the two most important logicians of the twentieth century.Over the course of his long career, Ruell made significant contributions, not just to logic and philosophy, but to a broad range of other subjects(including education, politics, history, religion and science), and many of his writings on a wide variety of topics have influenced generations of general readers.After a life marked by controversy(including dismials from both Trinity College, Cambridge, and City College, New York), Ruell was awarded the Order of Merit in 1949 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950.Also noted for his many spirited anti-war and anti-nuclear protests, Ruell remained a prominent public figure until his death at the age of 97.2.Ruell's Work Logic

Ruell's contributions to logic and foundations of mathematics include his discovery of Ruell' Paradox , his defense of logicism, his development of the theory of types, and his refining of the first-order predicate calculus.Ruell discovered that the paradox that bears his name in 1901, while working on his Principles of Mathematics(1903).The paradox arises in connection with the set of all sets that are not members of themselves.Such a set, if it exists, will be a member of itself if and only if it is not a member of itself.The paradox is significant since, using claical logic, all sentences are entailed by a contradiction.Ruell's discovery thus prompted a large amount of work in logic, set theory, and the philosophy and foundations of mathematics.3.Introduction to the Text

In The Harm That Good Men Do , Bertrand Ruell, the inimitable British Voltaire, evaluates the difficulty and dilemma of answering children, or their more adult versions, just what is a "good man?" A contemporary in the critical spirit of LU Xun, and the vitriolic critic of his fellow Americans, H.L.Mencken, Ruell is the "enfant terrible" of English letters.He deflates, debunks and denigrates the conventionally defined "good man," as generally a moralistic flop, a mere defender of the superficial status quo.Chauvinistic, religiously zealous, a petty moralist, and anti-intellectual, this "good man" in often a caricature behind which cynical politicians can hide.9 "Good men" are often inquisitorial, safeguarding the public from unpopular or critical opinions, a nemesis in most political systems, including so-called democracies, where the "tyranny of the majority" rests on their discerning and protective eyes.Ruell attacks these "good man" who represent the unjust power of the dominant claes."The world is full of injustice and those who profit by injustice are in a position to administer rewards and punishments...and to invent ingenious justifications."

However, on closing his critical litany against the conventional "good man," Ruell offers the hope of science and reason(2nd half, 20th century events question this faith);they eventually will enable men to realize that institutions based on hatred and injustice will not produce happy societies, and that "good men" need a morality based on "love of life...pleasure in growth, and not upon repreion or exploitation." Though difficult and painful to follow, Ruell's criticism and positive suggestions are a positive beacon of lucidity and light for all who would like to be called "good men," or "good women." Notes:

1.Bertrand Arthur Ruell(1872-1970): English mathematician and philosopher, known in Chinese as 罗素.2.wholesome adj.promoting good health or well-being;healthful;sound.e.g.wholesome air/food/advice.//He has a wholesome attitude towards life.Paraphrase: He has a good sense of right and wrong.When he sees other people doing wrong things, he feels horrified.3.castigate vt.to criticize sharply in public.e.g.John wrote a series of articles to castigate male superiority.// sin n.the willful breaking of religious or moral law;any offence or fault.e.g.Mary confeed her sins to the priest and asked to be forgiven.Explanation: The original sin was committed by Adam and Eve when they ate the forbidden fruit.In the text, the author wrote "Sin" instead of "sin" to catch attention.4.safeguard vt.to protect or guard.e.g.The government should do more to safeguard the interests of citizens.Para: He thinks it is the responsibility of the government to protect the young people against those(bad elements)who challenge the wise views generally accepted by middle-aged succeful citizens.Exp: In western countries, views and conducts of middle-aged succeful citizens are regarded as social norms.In the text " it " is a logical object to stand for "to safeguard the young...".5.aiduous adj.hard-working;persevering;careful.e.g.Bill is aiduous in/at his duties./ Jane is an aiduous student.// aiduity n.10 6.Pay attention to the usage: to spend time in(doing)something;to spend money on something.para: He spends much time in doing good things.7.patriotism n.the love of one's country.e.g.The death of Wang Hai, a fighter pilot, has aroused a strong sense of patriotism among the Chinese people.// patriot n.one who loves and is ready to defend his country;patriotic adj.8.industry n.the quality of being hard-working(勤奋，勤勉).e.g.His succe is due to his industry and thrift.sobriety n.seriousne;staying away from alcohol.e.g.As sobriety ensures quick response in emergency, you should never drink when you drive.9.see to it that...make sure that...e.g.I'll see to it that you get paid in full and on time in the future.in these respects / in this(that)respect with regard to some aspect(s)在这(那)方面.e.g.The twins resemble each other in many respects.due adj.suitable;proper;right.e.g.The old gentleman is paid due respect.Para: He may encourage wage-earners(workers/common people)and their children to be hard-working, virtuous, and stay away from alcohol(Alcohol used to be regarded as a social curse, like the drugs today, that ruined many poor families.).If they fail to do these, he will make sure that they get proper punishment.10.trustee n.理事。board of trustees 理事会。

11.subversive adj.tending to overthrow or destroy something(established).e.g.Bill was house-arrested for making speeches that are subversive of peace and order according to the police.// subversive propaganda.Para: He may serve on the board of trustees of a university, and keep the university(in the "improper" name of respecting knowledge)from hiring profeors who intend to overthrow the government or the established religion/institutions.Exp: In western countries, there was a great controversy(argument)over the teaching of evolution at school.Some people who believe that God created man instead of the Darwinian Theory that man came from monkey, were strongly against the hiring of such teachers.There was even a "Monkey Trial" in the United States that ended with the victory of scientists.12.above all most important of all.e.g.John is industrious, handsome, and above all, honest.in a narrow sense in the exact/strict meaning(从狭义上说).e.g.What does the word mean in the narrowest sense?// Cf.in a broad sense.|| irreproachable adj.that denies criticism;faultle.e.g.His irreproachable conduct wins the trust from his employer.Paragraph one describes a good man from the moral point of view.11 13.Para: Of all the uses of good men, the main one is to provide a smoke-screen(烟幕)to those politicians who can do illegal things behind it unsuspected.|| Exp: In the sentence, "which" stands for "uses".In the following part, "screen" is used as a verb, meaning "to offer some protection to".14.suspect sb.of sth.to have a feeling that sb.may be guilty of sth.e.g.Quite a few leaders of listed companies are suspected of lying to their investors.// The police suspects him of murder.|| shady adj.questionable;bad.e.g.Tom is believed to be a shady character(person).15.Exp: The author is being very sarcastic here."A narrow-minded" public is not narrow-minded at all.Since the public are taxpayers, they simply want their money(public funds)to serve good purposes instead of letting it go into the hands of a few rich people;and "the deserving rich" do not deserve the money contributed by the public.Grammatically, "wherever" means "where", which is used here for emphasis.16.endorse vt.to approve or support;write on the back of a document or check.e.g.The Republican presidential candidate has been endorsed by the party conference.// You'll have to endorse your check before cashing it.Exp: The phrase "though far be it from me to endorse this statement" is in literary style.To put it in simple English, it reads "though I am far from approving the following statement/though I don't agree at all to the following statement" that in the recent past, an American President(probably referring to Warren Harding according to the text compilers), a "good man", transferred public funds to the rich.|| This paragraph tells why good men are useful to some politicians.17.undesirable adj.& n.unwanted(things and/or persons).e.g.Because of his deformity, James was often treated as an undesirable by his clamates at parties.|| by means of through;with the help of.e.g.Thoughts are expreed by means of words.|| scandal n.shame;any thing that offends moral feelings and leads to disgrace.e.g.Richard Nixon was involved in the Watergate Scandal.// Bill Clinton was involved in the Lewensky Scandal.// For fear of creating a scandal, the family decided to give away the baby borne to their teenage daughter.|| Para: Of all uses of good men, another one is to use them to get rid of unwanted rivals by creating a scandal(such as Mr.X, a father of three lovely kids and husband of a plain-looking wife, is having an affair with a beautiful bar girl).This immoral act, when becoming public, will surely arouse the anger of good men, who will force Mr.X to hand in his resignation, which is the real purpose of other politicians who don't like Mr.X.18.The sentence, formal and literary, simply means "99% of the men break the moral law".19.in relation to concerning;as regards.e.g.His skill is very important in relation to his job.genuine adj.real;true, not fake or artificial.e.g.This painting is a genuine

12 one by Qi Baishi whereas that one is an imitation.// genuinely adj.|| follow suit to do what sb.else has done.e.g.Mr.Young resigned from the company, his friends immediately followed suit.// When the other boys went fishing, I followed suit.Para: Suppose in 100 men, there is only one who is really free from any moral mistakes.When someone from the other 99 men gets caught when committing something morally wrong, or when his immoral deeds get exposed(become public), that really good man will say that he is really horrified to learn the guilty man's sinful behavior, the other 98 men, afraid that they will be suspected of breaking the moral law themselves if they do not do something quickly, are forced to follow one another to expre their position regarding the sinner.20.obnoxious adj.very unpleasant, nasty, offensive.e.g.John has some obnoxious habits.He sleeps with his snake and eats with his cat.venture into to take the risk going into.e.g.He was originally a high school teacher.When China started its reform and opening up drive, he quit his job and ventured into busine.// Cf.venture capital(风险基金）.institution n.a significant practice, relationship, organization in a country or culture(体制).institutional adj.e.g.institutional reform.have sth.at heart to be deeply interested in it;anxious to support or encourage it.e.g.He had music at heart even when he was forced to work in the countryside.keep/lose track of to follow/fail to follow the course or development of...;keep in/lose touch with.e.g.The old man reads Yangcheng Evening News every day to keep track of the current events.ruin vt.& n.to cause great damage or destruction to.e.g.The tropical storm ruined his house.// If you go on like this, you will ruin your career.Para: When a man of offensive opinions becomes a politician, the defenders of our old system need only follow and watch his private activities secretly until they find something bad about him that will finish him as a politician.21.make sth.known to make sth.public;expose.e.g.That the mayor took drugs in a hotel was soon made known to the public.obloquy n.shame or disgrace resulting from widespread criticism."a cloud of obloquy" , a metaphor, means great shame.blackmail vt.& n.(to force sb.to make a)payment of money for not making known sth.discreditable about him(敲诈勒索).e.g.Threatening to turn the evidence over to the police, he blackmailed the firm into paying him for keeping quiet.13 Para: They can choose to do three things: to make public the bad deeds committed by the sinner and cause him to disappear quickly in great shame, or to make some easy money from him by threatening to expose him.22.commend vt.to praise.e.g.The Chinese athletes are commended for winning honors for the country.23.render sth.poible to make sth.poible.e.g.Dr.Deal rendered it poible for three American students to teach English in China during the summer vacation.Notice the sarcastic tone in the last two sentences of the paragraph.24.The Archduke(大公), refers to Franz Ferdinand, whose aaination on June 28, 1914 at Sarajevo(萨拉热窝)touched off the First World War.25.militarism n.军国主义;military despotism(军人/军事专制).The slogan "to make the world safe for democracy" is often used by some countries as an excuse to invade other countries.Notice this sentence is in subjunctive mood and the tone is very sarcastic.Para: Because of his death, we had the First World War, the world was made " safer for democracy";though militarism has been abolished in some countries, we still have military despotisms in Spain, Italy, Hungary and Bulgaria.Paragraphs three and four further illustrate the uses of good man.26.dominant adj.ruling;prevailing.e.g.In a wolf pack, there is always a dominant male(wolf).27.morality n.standards or principles of good behavior;right or moral conduct.e.g.Is commercial morality high in your country?

taboo n.sth which religion or custom regards as forbidden, not to be touched, spoken of , etc.e.g.Pork is a taboo among

the Muslims.// Among Hindus there is a taboo against killing cows.superstitious adj.迷信的.e.g.Most people in primitive societies are superstitious./ In the past, superstitious fishermen regarded white-flag dolphin as the godde of the Yangtze River.// superstition n.on the ground(s)because(of), on the aumption.e.g.On what grounds do you suspect him?// Joe turned down the invitation to the party on the ground that he would have to go to the airport to meet his aunt.Para: Standards of good behavior seems to have grown out of the idea of taboo, something that a particular religion or custom regards as forbidden, in other words, primitive morality was at its beginning purely superstitious, it discouraged some 14 harmle acts based on the aumption that these acts would lead, for reasons that could not be explained then, to some bad ends.28.have authority over to have influence on/power over.e.g.The notion that it is a great disrespect to talk loudly in a Buddhist temple still has authority over some people.29.regardle of paying no attention to.e.g.She bought that expensive fur coat regardle of cost.30.revision n.reconsideration;change.e.g.The current taxation law needs some revision.Para: If the conduct that makes people feel horrified were not(subjunctive mood)harmful, then more people would be ready to revise/change our moral standards.31.vengeance n.revenge;the return of an injury for an injury.e.g.He swore a terrible vengeance on the enemy who murdered his brother.// She killed him in an act of vengeance.Para: It was believed that the murdered man's blood or his ghost demanded that those who had murdered him be revenged, and the ghost might punish not only the guilty men, but also those who were kind to the guilty men.32.purify vt.to free from guilt, sin, etc.;make pure.e.g.When purified, this metal can fetch a good price./ This music seems to be able to purify one's spirit of evil thoughts.ritual adj.of, like, or done as a ceremonial or solemn act.e.g.ritual ceremony(仪式).// The tribeswomen performed some ritual dances before the priest started to offer the sacrifice to their god.disguise vt.& n.to hide the real nature of;make look, sound so different as to be unrecognizable.e.g.The murderer disguised himself as a woman and ran away./ He went among the enemy in disguise./ Disguised as a woman, the French journalist slipped into Afghanistan.Para: Some ritual ceremonies, originally designed to change the appearance of the murderer so that the ghost would not recognize him(thus unable to seek the revenge), could free the murderer of his crime.33.Sir J.G.Frazer(1854-1941): Scotish anthropologist.34.repentance n.the action or proce of feeling sorrow or regret for misdeeds or moral shortcomings.e.g.You must show signs of repentance if you wish to be forgiven.15 35.derive from to get from.e.g.The young artist derives a large sum of income from teaching painting to kids.36.antiquity n.ancientne;the ancient period of history.e.g.Homer was a great men of antiquity.// in remote antiquity means in ancient time.expiation n.赎罪;expiate vt.e.g.She worked silently to expiate her sin.// In expiation of his sin, he gave up all worldly pleasures.This paragraph seems to say that moral standards are generally superstitious.38.a mist of hazy;vague;unclear.Her eyes are covered with a mist of tears.39.forgery n.the making of false signature, banknote, will or other documents in order to deceive.e.g.He made a fortune with the forgery of paintings.// The criminal was sentenced to death for the forgery of millions of RMB.// forge vt.40.This sentence means goodne lies in doing nothing instead of doing something, because the doer is more likely to make mistakes.41.abstain from to hold oneself back from;stay away from.e.g.The doctor told him to abstain from cigarettes.// At the last election, Bill abstained from voting.42.inculcate vt.usually inculcate sth.in sb.to fix(ideas)firmly by repetition;instill.e.g.The authorities are trying hard to inculcate patriotism in young people.the Gospels 福音书.thyself, old English for yourself.precept n.a rule or guide for behavior;moral instruction.e.g.Example is better than precept.43.persecute vt.to punish or treat cruelly.e.g.Many good people were severely persecuted during the Cultural Revolution.// persecution n.44.administer vt.& vi.to give;control;manage;cause to take.e.g.The traffic police administered a fine on him for speeding./ The courts administer the law./ The Red Cro administers aid in disaster areas.45.ingenious adj.clever and skillful.e.g.The ingenious boy made a radio set for himself./ Not even the experts could work out the magician's ingenious escape.justification n.a good reason for;the act of showing that a person, statement, act, etc.is correct and reasonable.His justification for stealing was that his children were starving.// justify vt.16 remedy vt & n.to put right;provide a cure for;method used to put sth.right.e.g.Your faults of pronunciation can be remedied.// There is no effective remedy for dengue fever.46.Jean Jaures(1859-1914): French socialist.47.acquit vt.to discharge completely(as from an obligation or accusation).e.g.When the rapists were acquitted by the court on the ground of insufficient evidence, the audience became very indignant/angry.Para: The murderer was pronounced not guilty and set free, the reason provided by the court was that he had done something good for the society.In this paragraph, the author illustrates his topic sentence that our current morality is a strange mixture of superstition and rationalism.48.crumble vi.& vt.to break, rub or fall into small pieces.e.g.The British Empire has crumbled and fallen.// His hopes crumbled to dust.49.Jeremy Bentham(1748-1832): English jurist and philosopher.50.arduous adj.difficult, using up much energy.e.g.It must have been a very arduous task to build the pyramids.// It used to be an arduous climb to reach the top of Mount Emei, but now you can get to the top in a cable car in no time.51.conventional adj.traditional;customary.e.g.Rifles are conventional weapons.//White is the conventional color of a wedding gown.52.champion n.person who fights or speaks in support of a cause;person, team, animal, etc.winning the first place in a competition.e.g.Mr.Smith is a champion of equal rights for women./ Joe Louis was the world heavyweight boxing champion for many years.incur vt.to bring upon oneself.e.g.To build that factory, he had incurred a lot of debts, which ultimately ruined him.enmity n.hatred.e.g.He is at enmity with all his neighbors.Para: In order to bring the greatest poible happine to the greatest poible number of people, he will have to become a great fighter for the interests of the oppreed people.His revolutionary acts will arouse the hatred from a few rich and powerful people who are always afraid of the redistribution of wealth and power.53.proclaim vt.make known publicly and officially;reveal;show.e.g.Zhang Guotao was proclaimed(to be)a traitor./ His accent proclaims that he is from Hubei.// proclamation n.17 conceal vt.to hide;keep secret.e.g.The bank robber concealed his weapon under his coat./ The trees concealed the deer from view.alienate vt.to cause sb.previously friendly to become unfriendly, hostile or indifferent by distasteful actions;cause to be taken away.e.g.President Bush's policies have alienated many of his followers./ The property of the enemy was alienated during the war.// alienation n.Para: He will make public some facts that the powerful people wish to hide, and he will declare untrue lies aimed to take away sympathy from those people who need it.54."thou shalt not", old English, means "you shouldn't(do this)" in modern English.55."the code" here means "moral code" or "moral law".56.mystic n.an advocate of the theory of mysticism.Grammar: This sentence is in inverted order, normally it should read "all the great mystics and religious teachers have protested against this kind of morality(official morality)in vain".57.explicit adj.clearly stated or shown;definite;outspoken.e.g.He gave explicit instructions not to be distributed./ The lease is explicit in saying that the rent must be paid by the 5th of every month.pronouncement n.a formal declaration of opinion;an authoritative announcement.e.g.The accused stood and heard the pronouncement of his sentence.While trying to refute the claim that morality cannot be criticized, the author goes on to say that since the methods used are not correct, there will not be much improvement of moral standards.58.draw n.neither side won.e.g.Our team has had five wins and two draws this season.// The game ended in a draw.59.repre vt.to keep or put down/under;oppre.e.g.For fear of waking up the sleeping baby, she repreed a sneeze./ Many peasant uprisings have been repreed in history.// repreion n

60.expansive adj.able or tending to expand;unreserved, high-spirited;broad.e.g.That silent boy became expansive after dinner./ Jane has an expansive character./ Adam has an expansive forehead.61.peccadillo n.a small fault or slight offence.e.g.No one is free from peccadilloes.18 62.exploit vt.to make unethical use of sth./ sb.for one's own profit;take advantage of.e.g.Workers are heavily exploited by the mine owners./ You must exploit every opportunity to learn new things.// exploitation n.63.ill-gotten adj.acquired by illegal or improper means.e.g.Private mine owners in Nandan, Guangxi who dig state mines spend their ill-gotten money like water.Some of them flew to Beijing just for some cigarettes not available in their county.Para: A man who gets rich by being cruel to and making immoral use of others should be viewed now as an immoral man even if he goes to church regularly and spends part of his immorally-obtained money on public welfare or facilities.64.bring about to cause to happen.e.g.Greater efforts must be made to bring about institutional reforms.instill vt.to introduce(ideas)gradually;cause to enter drop by drop.e.g.We must try to instill in children a love of

learning./ Medication is being instilled into the veins of the sick child.muster n.examination;inspection.pa muster to be considered satisfactory;be good enough for the purpose or occasion.e.g.The evaluation group believed that the quality of the construction project paed muster.personage n.an important person.e.g.The ruling party invited some personages without party affiliation to discu the new plan.Para: To make this happen, we only need to introduce gradually a scientific attitude towards moral questions to replace the traditional attitude(which is no more than a mixture of superstition and oppreion)that some important people still regard as good.65.unrepentant adj.feeling no regret or sorrow.e.g.Some of the Fa Lun Gong practitioners are very unrepentant

66.futile adj.usele.e.g.Put down your arms!Resistance is futile.strife n.fight or quarrel;struggle;contention.e.g.A history of internal strife has left its mark on this tiny nation.67.orgy n.a display of exceive indulgence;a wild and drunken activity.e.g.At the party the youngsters engaged in various orgies such as drinking, joint-smoking(吸大麻), and sexual activity.68.afresh adv.again.e.g.Let's start afresh

19 The last paragraph seems to say that only the progre of reason and science can help improve our sense of morality.Though the power of reason is still weak today, Mr.Ruell believes that it will become stronger and stronger in the future, and ultimately overwhelms unreason.Key to Vocabulary and Structure

A.1.wholesome 2.aiduous 3.subversive 4.wrongdoing 5.endorsed 6.breath 7.Undesirable 8.calculated 9.injustice 10.purifying

B.1.venturing 2.in relation to 3.follow suit 4.keep...out 5.keep track of 6.speaking of 7.on the grounds 8.derives from 9.abstain from 10.for fear that C.1.immoral 2.cruelty 3.irreproachable 4.revise 5.constructive 6.blamele 7.administered 8.guilty 9.equality 10.Justice

D.1.C.protected areas 2.A.As did 3.D.as opposed 4.A.Never having 5.A.would have married 6.D.for which 7.B.can he speak 8.A.we established 9.D.that 10.D.but also

E.1.recognized 2.came acro 3.appeared 4.as 5.conceived 6.discovered 7.in 8.what 9.than 10.good 11.true 12.morally 13.At 14.comes 15.which 16.towards 17.other 18.such as 19.penalty 20.guilty Key to Translation A:

在政客圈子里，好人有他们的用处，其中最主要的就是充当烟幕。其他人躲在烟幕背后就可以毫无顾忌地搞他们的活动了。好人从来不会怀疑他的朋友有不轨行为，这就是他的部分好处所在；好人也从来不会被公众怀疑用他的优点来庇护坏人，这是他的部分用处所在。

虽然传统道德的卫道士有时承认，传统的道德并不完美，但是他们极力争辩说，任何的批评都将使整个道德体系分崩离析。如果批评是积极的和富有建设性的，那么情况不致如此，只有逞一时之快的批评，才会使道德体系崩溃。让我们回过头来看看边沁的观点吧。作为道德规范的基础，他提倡“为最大多数的人谋求最大的幸福”。按照这一原则行事的人，其一生要比仅仅遵循传统戒律的人艰难得多。

Key to Translation B:

1.The so-called ideally good men may not necearily be beneficial to society because people have different ideas about the standards of goodne.2.Good men must be morally irreproachable and they mustn't be indifferent to the things harmful to society.20 3.They see to it that their hard and earnest work helps them complete their task smoothly, and none of them thinks much of personal fame and position

4.Scandals can ruin a genuinely good man while flattery can make a bad man a good man.5.He cannot tell a good man from bad ones, so bad men often use him to screen their bad activities.6.They often elbow out the undesirables by making it impoible for them to continue with their work.7.Though threatened, he showed no fear and continued with his experiment which was calculated to be succeful.(此处calculated用得很勉强)

8.The poor man was sentenced to life imprisonment on the ground that he had stolen bread from a store.9.They have kept track of him but failed to detect any shady acts.10.Though many people are against him for his violation of conventional concepts, he still has some followers.（此处follow suit不合用）

Key to Reading Practice 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.D

Unit Nine

Let the Computers Be the Bureaucrats

Oren Harare Notes:

1.All the 11th hour;mouth-to-mouth resusicitation of restructuring and "empowerment": any last-minute effort of changing the structure or supplying the resources to your job || 11th hour: the last poible moment, only just in time.This phrase originates from the Bible, Matthew 20.2....you can hold off the inevitable until you retire---a rather forlorn wish.:...the inevitable(the day your job becomes obsolete)could be put off to the day you retire---but it is unlikely to happen.|| hold off: delay or put off e.g.Could you hold off(making)your decisions until next week? / He makes every excuse to hold off getting married/the wedding.|| a forlorn wish: idiom plan or undertaking that is almost certain not to succeed e.g.Going to their rescue in a rowing boat is a bit of a forlorn wish.e.g.: For him, a young man without formal education background, to find a good job during the receion is kind of a forlorn wish.3....preparing to obsolete your current work before it obsoletes you.:...you should get away from your present job and get prepared for a newly emerging job before your current job becomes out of date.Here obsolete is used as a verb, meaning "make out of date/put to rest, or end." || obsolete a.: no onger used;out of date e.g.Many obsolete words can be found in this old text./ The horse-drawn plough is now obsolete in most European countries.4....what this drumroll is all about.:...what I want to say with this dramatic introduction(Rolling of drums is used to get an audience's attention.).|| Drumroll n.: sound make by beating drums 5.Bear with me.: Tolerate me patiently.|| Bear with: tolerate someone/sth patiently e.g.We must bear with her during this difficult period.6.move from: make a change from 7....hitherto sacred principles like volume, economies of scale, experience curves, ma production and ma marketing are becoming le and le useful if we're interested in competitive edge.:...those economic principles which used to be considered the best are becoming le useful in the competitive market.|| hitherto adv.: until now ||competitive edge: an advantage in a competition 8.Rapid collaborative application of intelligence is where it's at.: The competitive edge lies in the ability to quickly apply new knowledge and information.Here it refers to competitive edge.9.Some companies get it.: Some companies understand these new principles of competition.22 10....Microsoft achieved a 38 percent quarterly sales boost by adding $90 million to its top line:...by investing $90 million into its top product line Microsoft's sales increased by 38 percent quarterly.|| boost n.: increase;encouragement || give boost: give encouragement e.g.to give sb's confidence a boost || achieve a boost: see rapid increase e.g.This year the economy in Shanghai has achieved a 9.9 percent boost.|| top line: 公司常用的财务报表中，不论资产负债还是损益表，其第一行(top line)都是 revenue(收入)，top line growth 指盈收增长。

11.break even: balance income and expenditure;make neither a lo nor a profit 12.Launch one new interesting product: start to manufacture a new interesting product 13.mi the point: not see the main idea(the point)e.g.To say that the failure of the Chinese football team is caused by the poor ability of the foreign coach is to mi the point.e.g.: He made a long speech but most of the audience mied the point.14.EDS is succeful despite its size.: Although EDS is a huge company, it has managed to achieve succe.Here despite implies that its size is a disadvantage rather than an advantage for EDS.15.break down into: divide or be divided into parts e.g.Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: wages $10 m, raw materials $5m./ After bankruptcy the big company was broken down into several small ones and sold separately.16.Everyone else by and large executes.: All the other employees only carry out the orders or put the ideas to work.||by and large: in general, on the whole e.g.By and large, this company is pretty good to me./ The economy this year by and large has seen some improvement.|| execute v.: put(sth)into effect;carry out e.g.execute a plan;execute a piece of work;execute someone's orders Or: kill as a legal punishment e.g.The murderer was executed after he was convicted of having killed 10 children.17.bureaucracy kills: In a bureaucratic system in which people only do routine work paively, they lose all their imagination and initiative.18.nonhuman: not of human beings 19.Specifically: to be specific;to make it concrete e.g.Water is composed of two elements, specifically, oxygen and hydrogen.20.fit into: match well with e.g.This card fits nicely into that envelope.21.the ultimate bureaucrats: the most regulated, structured and least flexible workers 22.Even if you're smart enough to outsource such work, the question can still be aimed at the supplier.: Even if you are able to reaign bureaucratic work, the question can still be asked to those organizations who use people for bureaucratic jobs.|| outsource v.: delegate out to others（将...）外包给...23 23.valid a.: relevant;sound 24.handoff n.: handing or paing on work to other people 25.bureaucratic conduit-jobs: redundant routine work 26.Hence, organizations will no longer be able to subsidize procees and jobs that glorify hierarchical control but turn off the spigot on knowledge-flow.: Therefore organizations will not be able to support the growth of hierarchical management systems in which information is the privilege of a few authorities and not available to everyone.|| turn off the spigot on knowledge-flow: block the free flow of knowledge 27.converge v.: move toward the same point e.g.Our previously opposed views are biginning to converge.e.g.: Enthusiasts from around the world converge on Le Mans for the annual car race.28....flinging intelligence to the far reaches of the globe:...making information available in every part of the world, even the most remote areas || fling to: throw(sth)in a certain direction e.g.He flung the paper away in disgust./ He was flung into prison.29....where walls of secrecy and hoarding and egostatus come tumbling down.:...all the barriers to the free flow of information and intelligence are disappearing.Wall of secret means practices which prevent the free flow of information.|| hoard v.: hide e.g.He is hoarding some secret paper.|| tumble down: fall down in ruin;collapse e.g.The old barn we bought to convert into flats was practically tumbling down./ With the invasion of imperialists the once glorious empire slowly tumbled down.30.There's no place for human bureaucracy in this scenario.: In the future, there is no room for human bureaucratic work.scenario n.: imagined setting of future events 31.The sheer volume of information and knowledge available to any individual(and any competitor)will mean that talent, resourcefulne, energy and ingenuity will necearily become an all-hands, collaborative affair, the responsibility of everyone on board.: There will be such a huge amount of information and technology in the future that only with the participation and cooperation of all the people in the company can smart solutions and ingenious breakthroughs come about.32.be set on a firm course: know without doubt the direction to go in e.g.The revolution set the country on the road to democracy./ We are set on a firm course to succe.Key to the Translation from English to Chinese:

24 A

有些公司了解这一点。微软即是其中之一。// 有些人认为微软能在互联网世界里崭露锋芒，锐意发展是由于比尔·盖茨的个人野心。// 简言之，这种想法很荒谬。// 在1990年，微软季度销售量要增加38%，需要增加九千万的收入，而在1995年，要达到同样比例的季度销售增幅，收益需要增加九亿美元。// 现在，收益的增加标准越提越高。新的商机来自何处？规模化经营？还是低成本？这些都是无稽之谈。// 新的商机只能来自于领导市场、受顾客欢迎的产品。// 即使要保持收支平衡，微软也要至少每天创造一千五百万美元的收益。// 如果没有高速度和充分的想象力，它只有死路一条。B 这些趋势在不断扩大，原因很简单：信息就是力量，而技术的发展使得获取信息变得民主化和全球化。// 因此，各种组织机构将再也不能扶植那些美化等级特权并阻止信息交流的工作体系了。// 在未来学家乔治·吉尔德所描绘的世界中，经济是建立在沙子、玻璃和空气的基础上的。// 沙子即指制造芯片的硅。芯片（计算机世界的建筑材料）正以指数级的速度增长。每十八个月芯片的性能就要翻一番。

Key to the Translation from the Chinese into English 1.Such a job is doomed because in this field, manual work will be done by computers.2.The information-based network economy will bring about profound changes in society.Whether this change could benefit human beings or involve them in a chaotic situation needs our discuion.3.Because of the increasingly fierce competition and personalized product demand from customers, being able to supply personalized products has become the key to busine succe.4.The old way of management robs people of their imagination and curiosity, making them content with the present system and jobs and they make no progre.5.Those lacking in initiative and creativity can only fit into the traditional mode of work.Once the old mode is changed, they will be at a lo as to what to do.6.In the coming century the development of telecommunications will depend on optical fibers which carry information incomparable to the common phone lines.25 7.Since computers can replace people to do routine jobs, people can be freed of mundane busine to do creative work.8.In future society, proprietary information will be le and le proprietary.What will this lead to? 9.Some social thinkers predict ominously that robots will become more and more independent and eventually uncontrollable.10.In the future, new jobs will be born.There is no need for people to worry exceively about unemployment.But they must keep learning about new technology.Key to vocabulary and structure A.1.sacred

2.secrecy 3.doomed

4.segment 5.hierarchy 6.ego 7.symptoms 8.chaotic

9.absurd 10.breakthrough

B.1.obsolete 2.boost 3.imagination 4.duplicate

5.subsidy 6.converge 7.tumbled down 8.automated 9.innovation 10.hold off C.1.personalized 2.intangibles;tangibles 3.prediction 4.ingenuous 5.flexibility 6.bureaucrat 7.innovation 8.glory 9.available 10.specified D.1.B that 2.D.little 3.C giving 4.D can she act 5.B must have been 6.C be 7.B whichever 8.B meaningful 9.D many of whose origins 10.B or E.1.about 2.organization 3.for 4.but 5.computers 6.In other words 7.that 8.In fact 9.simply 10.therefore 11.attach 12.within 13.definition 14.for 15.neceary Reading practice 1)D 2)D 3)C 4)A 5)B

26 Unit Ten: Animal Research Is Vital to Medicine Jack H.Botting

Adrian R.Morrison Notes:

1.seek to do sth = try/attempt to do sth;// alleviate vt.to leen or reduce(pain);to decrease(poverty).e.g.This medicine can only alleviate the symptoms of your problem, but not cure it.// The government is doing its best to alleviate the poverty in the mountainous areas.2.respond to = react to, answer, reply.e.g.Jane did not respond to her teacher's question.// emergence n.the act of rising/appearing.e.g.The constant emergence of promising players is characteristic of the Chinese ping pong team.// Cf.emergency n.a sudden, generally unexpected occurrence demanding immediate action.e.g.emergency department(of a hospital)// He is known for his ability to handle emergency cases.3."research...is but one..." "but" here means "only".complementary adj.making sb or sth better by streing its good qualities or having qualities that other person or thing lacks.e.g.Irish farming and British industry are complementary.Each provides what the other needs.// complementary approaches = ways and methods that support each other.4.eential adj.absolutely neceary, indispensable, vital.e.g.Discipline is eential in an army.// It is eential to know all the facts.// vital adj.eential, indispensable, very important, full of life, of or concerned with life.e.g.The relationship between the teacher and student is of vital importance.// Easy acce to information is vital for an informed public.// Mary is vital and attractive.// Pulse, heart beat, and blood preure are vital signs of life.// Para: We plan to show you exactly why we believe that animal research has been important in the past and why it will continue to be important in the future.5.allot vt.to aign as one's share, make a distribution of.e.g.Can we finish the work within the time they have allotted to us?// They were allotted an apartment to live in.// allotment n.Para: To describe in detail all the progre that relied on animal research would require much more space(in the newspaper or magazine given to us(by the editors).In other words, we cannot describe in detail all the progre made so far because we do not have enough space.6.owe sth to sb/sth = be indebted to as the source of.e.g.He owes his succe to good luck more than to ability.// To whom do we owe the discovery of penicillin?//

7.debilitate vt.to make weak, to weaken(the body);debilitating in the sentence is used as an adjective.e.g.a debilitating climate.// result from is followed by a cause whereas result in is followed by a result.e.g.Sickne often results from eating too much.// The accident resulted in 20 deaths.// bacterial adj.细菌的;bacterium n.细菌(pl.bacteria), e.g.bacterial infection(细菌感染);viral adj.病毒的, virus n.病毒;e.g.computer virus.para: Most diseases that make people physically weak or that make people lose their work ability are the results of bacterial or viral infections.27 8.derange vt.to make insane, to throw into confusion, to cause to go out of order.e.g.John is mentally deranged(He is insane/mad.)// derangement n.para: Most doctors believed that these diseases were caused by the disorders in the patients' internal organs(内脏紊乱).9.derive from = to have as a source or origin, to get: e.g.Thousands of English words are derived from Latin.// She has derived little benefit from the medicine.// microorganism n.微生物;originate with/from sb, originate from/in sth = to have as a cause or beginning: e.g.The quarrel originated in rivalry between the two groups.// With whom did the proposal originate?// Louis Paster(路易•巴斯德).contemporary adj.of the time or period to which reference is being made, belonging to the same time;e.g.contemporary literature(当代文学)// Dickens was contemporary with Thackeray.// contemporary n.a person belonging to the same time with another/others;e.g.Dickens and Thakeray are contemporaries.// Para: The proof that such diseases were caused by external bacteria and/or viruses can be traced back to the pioneering work done by Pasteur and scientists of his time.10.contaminate vt.to make impure, corrupt, etc.by contact;to pollute;e.g.Flies contaminate food.The oil spill contaminated the river.// contamination n.contaminating or being contaminated;sth which contaminates;e.g.Milk should be kept very clean to avoid contamination.The contamination of the Pearl River made the water unfit to drink.// contaminant n.a contaminating substance;e.g.Dust and poisonous gas in the air are contaminants.// contaminating adj.e.g.contaminating diseases(接触性传染病)

11.chicken cholera 鸡霍乱；anthrax 炭疽病.12.hypothesis n.an idea or suggestion put foward as a starting point for reasoning or explanation.e.g.Many people are trying to prove the hypothesis put forward by that famous economist.// gut n.[pl.] the intestine;[slang] daring, courage.e.g.During the war, Japanese soldiers took pleasure in sticking their bayonets into the guts of unarmed Chinese civilians.Bill is a man of guts.// microbe n.a microorganism, especially one causing disease;e.g.Microbes are tiny living creatures that can be seen only with the help of a microscope.// to grow sth in culture 把某物放在培养基中培养。

Para: To see whether his idea that microorganisms cause diseases is correct, Pasteur examined the things contained in the intestine of chickens suffering from cholera;he separated a microbe that might have caused the disease and grew it in culture.13.identify vt.to establish the identity of;to consider as being the same or as being necearily aociated.e.g.Mary identified the man as her attacker./ Peter identifies her happine with his own.// identity n.who a person is, or what a thing is.e.g.an identity card(ID card 身份证).They don't trust him as his identity is still uncertain.// identification n.identifying or being identified, e.g.The identification of persons killed in the traffic accident proves rather difficult.// identical adj.the same;exactly alike;e.g.The fingerprints of no two persons are identical./ John and his brother are identical twins.// The identical twins were asked to show their identity cards in the swimming contest because the officials there had trouble identifying them.Para: Pasteur had correctly established the identity of the microbe that caused chicken

28 cholera.14.by chance = by accident, not by desing or on purpose.e.g.The farmer discovered a sword that dates back to pre-Qin period quite by chance.15.be resistant to = resisting.e.g.Many insects are resistant to DDT.// batch n.one set, lot or group.e.g.Mother always tells me to buy the freshest batch of bread.Batch number is printed on the back of the box.// be lethal to = be deadly to.e.g.Drugs are lethal to all people.//

Para: But birds(chickens)taking the cultured microbes that had lost their ability to infect were not affected by new batches of microbes that would have killed those birds(chickens)if they had not received the weakened form of microbes earlier.16.recur vi.to come, happen again;be repeated.e.g.I felt very sorry when I learned that his disease had recurred.If this cheating recurs, you will be expelled from school.// recurrence n.recurring, repetition.e.g.The frequent recurrence of these headaches makes her life miserable.// recurrent adj.e.g.His illne is likely to be recurrent.17.administer vt.to manage, look after busine affairs;to apply, put into operation.e.g.to administer law;to administer a country;to administer punishment to sb;The doctor told me to administer the lotion to the wound three times a day.// administration n.management of public affairs;application of medicine, relief, a punishement.e.g.His sister is studying administration at Cornell University.The administration of eye drops must be done very carefully.// administrator n.e.g.A friend of mine is an administrator in a prestigious college.// administrative adj.e.g.He has a lot of administrative work to do.// induce vt.to produce, cause, etc.e.g.This medicine induces sleep.His illne was induced by overwork.// induced labor 引产.immunity n.the state of being temporarily or permanently able to resist an infection;exemption from a tax, duty or jurisdiction.e.g.Immunity may be acquired.// be immune to/from = protected or safe from a danger, etc.;exempt;e.g.He is immune to TB/small pox.Foreign funded companies in that country are immune from income taxation for three years.// immune system = 免疫系统// immunization n.免疫接种 Para: With the use(application)of a form of ineffective culture of the disease-causing bacteria, doctors might be able to cause their patients to acquire a resistance to infectious diseases.18.Guinea pigs are not pigs.They are the white mice used in scientific experiments.19.vaccine n.a preparation of weakened microorganisms that are administered so as to produce or increase immunity to/against a particular disease 疫苗（制剂）.e.g.Scientists have been trying to develop an effective vaccine against AIDS.20.to an/some/a certain extent = in some degree, partly.e.g.Ghana is industrialized to some extent.21.prominent adj.distinguished, famous, leading.e.g.Albert Einstein is a prominent physicist.// Jean has a promiment part in the play.prominence n.|| Joseph Lister(1827-1912), English surgeon.On the basis of Pasteur's research into fermentation, he

29 introduced the principles of disinfection and antisepsis into surgery.|| carbolic acid: 石炭酸。sterilize vt.to rid(surgical instruments, dreings etc.)of living microorganisms;to make incapable of producing offspring.e.g.To sterilize anything is to kill the germs on it, usually by boiling.// He did not want to have any more children, so he had an operation to have himself sterilized.suture n.the thread or wire used in a surgical operation（手术用线）;the stitching together of the two edges of a wound or incision（手术缝合）;vt.to sew up(a wound).|| dreings n.绷带 Para: Pasteur's findings affected the opinion of Joseph Lister, a famous British surgeon, who was the first to use carbolic acid to kill micororganisms on intruments, threads and wound dreings used in surgical operation.22.addre vt.to speak/write to.e.g.Mr.Green will now addre the meeting.vivisection n.the performance of scientific experiments involving surgical operation on living animals for medical or other research（活体解剖）.vivisect vt.Para: to make a speech at the Royal Commiion that was investigating into the horrible practices, the killing of living animals.23.condemn vt.to blame, criticize severely;punish.e.g.Most people condemn war.// The judge condemned the criminal to ten years in jail.// condemnation n.Para: to say some words to criticize vivisection, the horrible practices that kill animals.24.Quaker n.a member of the Society of Friends（公谊会/贵格会成员）.25.sovereign n.a king, queen or emperor.e.g.King George was the sovereign of England.// adj.the highest power(of a nation, state, ruler).e.g.China is a sovereign state.26.testimony n.a statement made under oath to establish a fact;any form of evidence.e.g.A witne gave testimony that Mr.Smith was at home from 9 to 12 p.m.// The witne's testimony is false.// testify vt.& vi.to give evidence, especially under oath in court.e.g.The fingerprint expert was asked to testify at the trial.// He hated to testify against a friend.27.asepsis n.freedom from bacterial infection;the method or proce of excluding bacteria, esp.in surgery（无菌/无菌操作）.aseptic adj.28.diphtheria n.白喉;tetanus n.破伤风;rabies n.狂犬病;tuberculosis n.结核病;poliomyelitis n.脊髓灰质炎;measles n.麻疹.29.candidate microorganisms = microorganisms that might be the causes of diseases.30.contract vt.to catch(a disease);to enter into a contract.e.g.My son contracted a severe fever.// The farmer contracted to lease his land.31.antibacterial adj.that checks the growth or effect of bacteria（抗菌的）n.抗菌剂/物.antibiotic n.any of certain substances capable of destroying or weakening bacteria（抗菌素，抗生素）adj.抗菌的，抗生的.The prefix anti means: 1.against, hostile to;2.that operates against;3.that prevents, cures or neutralizes;4.opposite，30 reverse;5.rivaling

32.trivial adj.insignificant, of very little importance or value.e.g.His work is the most important thing, beside it all else is trivial.// triviality n.e.g.She only talks about the trivialities of life.33.amputate vt.to cut off(an arm, a leg), esp.in surgery.e.g.His injured arm was amputated.// amputation n.e.g.Doctors tried their best to keep his legs injured by a land mine before they resorted to amputation.34.puerperal sepsis: 产后脓毒病。

35.sulfonamide drugs: 磺胺类药物。

Para: When doctors started to use sulfonamides, the rate of mothers dying from puerperal sepsis dropped sharply.36.a range of = a row, line or series of.e.g.a range of mountains.37.compound n.复/化/混合物。e.g.APC compound// adj.复/化/混合物的，复方的。

Gerhard Domagk:(1895-1964), a German chemist.Bayer Laboratories: 拜尔实验室/制药公司。

screen vt.to test;to sift through a screen.e.g.He was well screened before he took the job.mouse protection test: 小鼠保护实验。agar plates: 琼脂培养基。

Notice: The objective clause following "insist" is in subjunctive mood.Para: The research group led by Gerhard Domagk at Bayer Laboratories...insisted that all poible compounds get tested on mice infected with the disease instead of on bacteria grown in culture.38.perspicacity n.quickne to judge and understand.e.g.Her perspicacity in times of danger has saved us a lot of trouble.// perspicacious adj.[formal] keen;quick to judge and understand.e.g.John is a perspicacious boy.prontosil n.百浪多息（一种磺胺类药的商品名）。

potent adj.(of reasons, charms, drugs, remedies)powerful, effective.e.g.M.Ali is a potent boxer.// This drug is potent against cholera.in vitro adj.or adv.in gla;outside a living body and in an artificial environment.// Cf.in vivo adj.or adv.in the living body of a plant or animal.sulfanilamide n.对氨基苯磺酰胺。

Para: Domagk's wise decision was lucky for us because prontosil, a compound, though very effective in killing the bacteria in mice, could not kill the bacteria grown in gla plates(on agar plates).The effective antibacterial sulfanilamide originated from prontosil in vivo rather than in vitro.39.synthesize vt.to combine parts or elements so as to form a whole.e.g.No one has synthesized gold.// Some hormones can be synthesized.// synthetic adj.e.g.During the 20th century, many synthetic products have replaced natural ones.// synthetic leather// synthesis n.e.g.Plastic is produced by synthesis.// Now that we have succeeded in

31 isolating this drug, our next problem is to plan its synthesis in the laboratory.40.penicillin n.盘尼西林/青霉素。

Para: A lack of proper animal experiments unfortunately postponed the use of the wonderful new drug: penicillin.41.Sir Alexander Fleming(1881-1955), a British bacteriologist.42.toxic adj.poisonous.e.g.toxic gas// Some substances produced by bacteria in plants and animals are very toxic.// toxin n.any of several intensely poisonous substances produced by certain bacteria.e.g.The toxins contained in spoiled food can cause diseases.// toxicity n.毒性.e.g.Mr.Wang, a Ph.D student, is studying the toxicity of insecticides.43.Sir Howard W.Florey(1898-1968), a British pathologist.// Ernst Boris Chain(1906-?)a Germany born British biochemist.44.malaria n.疟疾。

45.strain n.种、菌株。e.g.Yuan Longping has developed a new strain of rice that can increase food production nationwide.46.routine n.a fixed and regular way of doing things.e.g.busine routine// Going to the bank every morning is part of the routine of his work.// We are bored with the routine of campus life.// adj.ordinary, regular.e.g.Mopping the floor and washing the dishes are my routine duties// A routine medical checkup is advisable at least once a year for the middle-aged scientists.thanks to = owing to;with the help of.e.g.Thanks to the teacher's help, I paed my mid-term English test.Para: As a result of(owing to)20 years of animal research by..., open heart operation（开心手术）is now common(a daily practice).47.kidney failure = renal failure（肾衰竭）.48.kidney dialysis = 肾透析；kidney transplant = 肾移植。

49.severe hemorrhage = 大出血;hypertension = high blood preure（高血压）;diabetes = 糖尿病。

50.heparin n.肝素。

extract vt.to draw out by effort;to obtain by preing, distilling, etc.e.g.to extract sugarcane/beet for sugar// The surgeon extracted a bullet lodged in his chest.// Iron is extracted from the iron ore by heating the ore with coke and limestone.// extraction n.Her teeth are so bad that she needs five extractions.animal tiues = 动物组织;however, tiue paper = 面巾纸。

anesthetize vt.to cause a partial or total lo of the sense of pain, touch, etc.in...// anesthesia n.麻醉.e.g.local anesthesia = 局部麻醉;total anesthesia = 全身麻醉;Many doctors from the third world countries come to China to learn acupuncture

32 anesthesia（针刺麻醉）.// anesthetic adj.麻醉的；n.麻醉药/剂// anesthetist n.麻醉师// anesthesiologist n.麻醉专家// e.g.Before a surgical operation, an anesthetist/anesthesiologist anesthetizes the patient so that he/she does not feel the pain.For a small operation, local anesthesia is administered;if the operation is a big one, total anesthesia is preferred.The dosage of anesthetics used depends on the age, weight, and physical condition of the patient.In China, doctors also use acupunture anesthesia in surgical operations.51.a host of = a great number of.e.g.They defeated a host of enemies in battle.// similar expreions: a series/range/variety/plethora of, an array of.// However, "host" in the next sentence means "宿主".complication n.new illne, or new development of an illne, that makes treatment more difficult(并发症)。

instrumental adj.helpful, serving as an instrument or means;of or for musical instruments.// e.g.Dr.Deal is instrumental in finding a well-paid job for George.// instrumental music（器乐曲）.Para: To transplant a kidney or any major organ into a patient is likely to cause a lot of new problems that make the treatment more difficult.Animal experiments have been very helpful in developing new therapies and techniques for these problems.52.blood veels: 血管;donor organ: 捐赠器官。

withstand vt.to hold out against(preure, attack).e.g.They withstood the attackers for 48 hours before retreat.// Nobody can withstand her charms.artery n.any of the large tubes carrying blood from the heart（动脉，Cf.vein: 静脉）;a main road or channel.e.g.The Yangtze is one of the transportation arteries in China.// arterial adj.Trans: 将宿主的血管和捐赠器官牢固缝合，以便使血管能够承受动脉的压力。

53.suppre vt.to restrain;to keep from being known or published;to put down by force.e.g.The police are trying to suppre the sale and use of illegal drugs.// You cannot suppre the truth for long.// She suppreed a laugh.// The army suppreed a revolt in the provinces.54.reject vt.to refuse to take, use, believe, agree to, etc.e.g.The committee rejected his application for studying abroad.// The patient's body rejected the heart transplant.// rejection n.55.insulin n.a life-saving hormone(胰岛素).56.pancreas n.脾脏

57.diagnosis n.the act of deciding the nature of a disease, situation, problem, etc.by examination and analysis;the resulting decision（诊断 [pl.] diagnoses）.e.g.The two doctors made different diagnoses of my disease.// diagnose vt.& vi.to determine the nature of(a disease)from its symptoms.e.g.The doctor diagnosed his disease as measles.// diagnostic adj.malignant adj.very harmful;causing or likely to cause death.e.g.She is suffering from a malignant tumor.// malignance or malignancy n.prognosis n.a prediction, esp.of the course of a disease(预后).e.g.The prognosis of

33 her case is not very bright.// prognostic adj.precede vt.& vi.to come, be, or go before in time, place, rank, etc.e.g.The playing of the national anthem precedes all sports events.//The movie star entered the room preceded by her little dog.// A major precedes a captain in rank.// precedence n.e.g.Economic problems must take precedence of other iues.// precedent adj.& n.If he is allowed to do this, it will serve as a precedent for others.// It is something without precedent in history.devastate vt.to lay waste, destroy, overwhelm.e.g.The typhoon devastated the coastal area in Guangdong.// devastation n.The devastation caused by the landslide left 30 people homele.Para: The determination of malignant hypertension often meant that the patient would die within a year.Before his/her death, he/she would experience very painful headaches and lose his/her sight too.58.herald vt.to announce, foretell, etc.e.g.The singing of the birds heralds the day.// n.a forerunner;one who announces important news.e.g.The returning swallows are heralds of spring.// A good newspaper should be a herald of truth.// The New York Herald Tribune（《纽约先驱论坛报》）.59.transgenic adj.转基因的, e.g.transgenic foods.60.mutation n.a sudden variation in some inheritable characteristic of a plant or animal.// mutant adj.of mutation;n.an animal or plant with inheritable characteristics that differ from those of the parents.// mutable adj.that can change or be changed.// mutate vi.& vt.a wealth of = a lot of.It can be used to modify both countable and uncountable nouns.e.g.She has a wealth of knowledge about China.// The speaker gives a wealth of examples to illustrate his point.61.trauma n.a bodily injury/wound;an emotional shock/blow.e.g.Time will heal her trauma.// traumatic adj.e.g.His traumatic experience in the war lasted through his life.// traumatize vt.Everyone felt traumatized during the Cultural Revolution.the central nervous system: 中枢神经系统。

62.dogma n.a doctrine, belief;a body of theological doctrines strictly adhered to(教条)./ dogmatic adj.dogmatism n.教条主义/ dogmaticist n.教条主义者 || mammalian adj.哺乳动物的;mammal n.哺乳动物 || spinal cord n.脊髓

ae vt.to evaluate.e.g.The value of the property has been aeed at RMB2000 yuan.// The prefix "re" in reae means "again".e.g.We have to reae the situation now since many things have changed in the past few days.|| in the light of = as a result of taking into consideration.e.g.In the light of these changes, we must revise our plan.|| regenerate vt.to give new life or vigor to;to grow(a new part)to replace a lost or injured one.e.g.Worldwide bumper harvest regenerated hopes of resolving the economic crisis.// If a crab loses a claw, it wil often regenerate a new one.// regeneration n.e.g.The succeful regeneration of the waterfront has brought in many tourists.||

Para: Recent animal research indicates that it is indeed poible to make damaged nerve cells in mammalian spinal cord to function again.According to this research finding, the old teaching/doctrine that it is impoible to...has to be reevaluated and

34 changed.Key to the paragraph translation into Chinese: 在解决现有的医学难题方面，动物实验依旧是必不可少的吗？那些因携带一个突变基而产生基因转变的动物，已经向我们提供了大量的有关蛋白质功能及其在疾病中所起的作用的新信息。毫无疑问，动物实验将继续为我们提供这类信息。我们还期待着在中枢神经损伤的治疗方面取得重大进展。鉴于近来的动物研究表明，神经的再生确有可能，因此原本认为哺乳动物脊髓中的神经细胞受损后功能无法复原的教条，必须予以重新评价。治疗何时生效，只是一个时间问题。||我们很难想象，将来如果没有动物实验，怎么能够在这个领域以及生物和医学等诸多其他领域取得进展。

索尔克和疫苗这两个词，就象弗莱明和盘尼西林、爱因斯坦和相对论那样，紧紧地结合在一起。因此，当最早研制出可以有效预防小儿麻痹症的疫苗的乔纳斯• 索尔克博士于八年前宣布，他将重新出山专攻爱滋病难题的时候，许多人，特别是那些与日俱增的HIV病毒感染者，都欢呼雀跃起来。除了这位征服过一种恶名远扬的儿童痼疾的高手，谁还比他更有资格担当向当前的瘟疫——爱滋病发起冲锋的领军人物呢？然而在科学界，忧虑却多过期望。爱滋病这个目标，要比小儿麻痹症难攻得多，所以很少有专家相信索尔克的疫苗研制方法能够取得成功。然而这位医学领域的开拓者，并没有因为他人的怀疑而气馁，而是知难而上，和一家私人公司联手研发他的治疗方法。现今80高龄的索尔克，也许有机会向世人证明，他的白大褂的衣袖里，藏了不止一种医学奇迹。

Key to Translation B:

1.Rabies is an infectious disease of the central nervous system, caused by a virus spread chiefly by domestic dogs and wild flesh-eating animals.2.Each year about 6,500 Americans contract liver caner, and for all but a relative few the prognosis is grim.3.It is one thing to locate oil, but it is quite another to extract it from the earth and transport it to the industrial centers.4.In the light of recent animal research, we have become convinced that the vaccine can boost patients' weakening immune system and decrease the amount of virus circulating in the blood.5.Earlier he spoke publicly against the proposal for increasing trade between the two countries, but now he is inclined to support it.6.There is no powerful medicine for curing the mysterious strain of influennza with its complications, for it is resistant to current antibiotics.7.Since he was elected, the president has been faced with a host of serious social problems such as runaway inflation, large-scale unemployment, and teenage crime.8.A famous French chemist named Louis Pasteur discovered and proved after many

35 years of careful experiments on animals that microorganisms are responsible for certain infectious diseases.9.The four problems in question are how to prevent various epidemics, alleviate existing ailments, conquer malignant tumors, and respond to the emergence of new diseases respectively.10.Before the introduction of penicillin, a life-saving antibiotic, many patients with tuberculosis typically died from the disease.Vocabulary and structure A.1.suppre 2.Amputation 3.donor 4.recurrence 5.heralded 6.alleviate 7.batches 8.reject 9.lethal 10.potent B.1.a.immunized B.immunity 2.a.diagnostical b.diagnosed 3.a.recurrent b.recurrence

4.a.vaccinating b.Vaccination

5.a.infect b.infective 6.a.contracted b.contractible 7.a.toxin b.toxicity 8.a.surgery b.surgeon 9.a.administration b.administered 10.a.preceded b.preceding

C.1.originated with 2.a host of 3.immune to 4.are resistant to 5.protected against 6.In the light of 7.speak against 8.points to 9.in question 10.were responsible for D.1.few?little 2.impoible?poible 3.was?/ 4.itself?themselves 5.from?in 6.As?/ 7.This?It 8.to?/ 9.dish?mould 10.seems?seemed E.1.indeed 2.control 3.particularly 4.living 5.producing 6.character 7.discovery 8.supported 9.co-operation 10.prevented Reading practice 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F

36 Unit Eleven: Should English Be the Law

Robert D.King

Explanation of the Text

1.race riots: riots resulting from racial animosity(仇恨)种族骚动

2.draft riots: riots resulting from conscripting men into military service征兵骚动 3.seceion: n.formally leaving an organization.4.anti-war protests: anti-war demonstrations 5.language riot: riot resulting from making English the official language of the United States 6.is alien(to): is strange(to);is unnatural(to)e.g.When I first went to New York, it all felt very alien to me.I find the idea of sending young children off to boarding school totally alien.It's a country that has had an alien government and an alien language imposed on it by force.7.the appeal to the Supreme Court: the turning over of the case to the Supreme Court appeal(to): n.&v 1)an earnest request e.g.She made one last appeal to her father for permiion to go to the party.The appeal for funds for the orphanage was highly succeful.The children appeal to their mother to know what to do on a rainy day.(v.)an appeal to a higher court for a reversal of the decision

2)attraction e.g.Television has a great appeal for most young people.Blue and red appeal to me but I don't like grey or yellow.(v.)8.ruling: n.decision, judgment

e.g.The court's final ruling on the case was that the companies had acted illegally.9.strike down: legally cancel;overthrow;kill e.g.strike down a law The racists attempted to strike down the opposition of the blacks by threatening to storm.One pedestrian was unfortunately struck down by lightning.10.how divisive a public iue language could become in America: language could become a very divisive public iue in American.11.be taken seriously: be considered to be important and worth a lot of attention;take sth/sb seriously e.g.The police have to take any terrorist threat seriously.These young actors take themselves so seriously.37 12.the American way: the American custonm/customary behavior way n.: method;aspect e.g.He wants his own way all the time.他总是一意孤行。Do it your own way.He has more power in many ways than the President.13.be silent on language: give no view on language be silent on/about: give no opinion on

e.g.The minister was silent on/about his plan for the future.14.in order to make it in America: in order to be very succeful in America make it(to the top): be very succeful

e.g.She's very ambitious but, I don't think she'll ever really make it(to the top).The charts showed we had made it, and big.图表显示我们成功了，大大地成功了。

15.in the wake of the anything-goes attitudes and the celebration of cultural differences arising: because of attitudes promoting and accepting, any kind of thought or cultural differences "Anything Goes": a title of a song written by Cole Porter, 1934.It means that one person can do whatever she/he wants.e.g.He blamed the ever-increasing crime rate on the media, and the anything-goes attitudes of the sixties.go v.be acceptable e.g.My parents don't worry too much about what I am up to, and most of the time anything goes.Just remember that I'm the bo and what I say goes.(=You have to accept what I say.)16.bilingual ballot: ballot using two languages 17.selected language groups:groups of people chosen according to their languages 18.Bilingual education became a byword of educational thinking : Bilingual education became an integral part educational discuion.19.scattered demands:demands which come from various locations but are few and somewhat random 20.The sentence "It was...that the movement...arose" is an emphatic sentence.21.U.S.English: an organization whose purpose is to promote English as an official language of the United States 22.Official English initiatives: proposals made by voters/citizens to make English an official language of the United States 23.In 1987 U.S.English installed as its president Linda Chavez: In 1987 U.S.English made Linda Chavez its president install v.settle(sb)in an official position, esp.with ceremony

e.g.Every four years, an American President is installed into office in January.38 24.overtones n.(often pl.)implications;hints

e.g.Although the concert was supposed to be an event to raise money for charity, it had strong political overtones.Feminists have criticized the TV commercials for its sexist overtones.25.the advisory board: the board which gives advice 26.allude to :refer(indirectly)to;mention: Though she didn't say Mr.Smith's name, it was clear she was alluding to him.His wife's death made him very sad;don't allude to it when you meet him.27.CEO of U.S.English: It means chief executive officer of U.S.English 28.The popular wisdom is that conservatives are pro and liberals con: Most people think that conservatives are supporters and liberals are opponents.popular wisdom: conventional/received wisdom e.g.The popular wisdom has it that women are more emotional than men, but in my experience it just often isn't the case.pro and con: for and against but when it is used as noun, it means "advantage and disadvantage".e.g.Are you pro or con nuclear disarmament? We considered all the pros and cons very carefully before deciding to buy a bigger house.29.But would anyone characterize as conservatives the present and past U.S.English board members Alistair Cooke, Walter Cronkite, and Norman Cousins? But would anyone describe the present and past U.S.English board members Alistair Cooke, Walter Cronkite, and Non-nan Cousins(three public figures usually considered to be liberal in their views)as conservatives? || characterize someone as sth: describe someone as typical of sth;describe someone by stating his/her main qualities e.g.In her eay, she characterized the whole era as a period of radical change.I would characterize Captain Hill as a born leader of men.30.a strain of: a particular type or quality of e.g.There's a strain of

eccentricity(古怪)in that family.A strain of Puritanism（严格的道德及宗教观念)runs through all her work.31.specifies English as the official language of government: states that English is the official language of government 32.Exceptions are made for the teaching of foreign languages: make an exception破例，作为例外 e.g.You will make an exception of my son's case, won't you? You must all be here at 8 a.m., we can make no exceptions.33.What are the chances that some version of Official English wiR become federal law? What is the probability that some form of Official English initiatives will become federal law? 39 34.among them a desire by Republicans not to alienate the growing number of Hispanic Republicans, most of whom are uncomfortable with mandated monolingualism: among the various reasons, a desire that Republicans not separate themselves from the growing number of Hispanic Republicans, most of whom are uncomfortable with officially requiring that only English(and not Spanish)be used.35.force its citizens to use certain languages in preference to others: force its citizens to use certain languages rather than others in preference to: rather than e.g.He studied chemistry in preference to physics at university.36.discourage people from speaking a language: prevent people from speaking a language discourage...from: prevent...from e.g.Her parents discouraged her from majoring in drama courses because they thought she'd never get a job.What discourages me from going camping is all the insects.37.Wise governments keep their hands off language to the extent that it is politically poible to do so: Wise governments don't interfere politically with language if at all poible.keep one's hands off: refrain from;avoid 38.living out a slow, inexorable decline: experiencing a slow relentle decline 39.a means of communion: Here communion means a close understanding of each other 40.We are Americans;We are different: We are Americans.We have our own traditions and history.We are different from people of other countries.Key to the Translation

A.Key to the translation from English to Chinese:

A.1995年10月，也就是向最高法院上诉这前，联邦上诉法庭以6对5票通过一项裁决，废除了亚利那州的这项法规。这些事件暗示语言在美国可能成为引起公众分歧的问题，即使至今这点还没有受到重视。

普遍认为保守主义是支持派，自由主义专栏者是反对派。这种说法可以说是对的。象乔治.威尔和威廉.巴科利，他们写了很多文章，支持官方英语。但是不是任何人都会把现在和过去美国英语委员会都描述为保守主义者呢？

关于语言和政府，历史给了我们一个很清楚的教训：一个自由国家的政府无法有效地改变语言的规律与应用；无法迫使它的公民使用某些语言而不用另一些语言；无法要求人们不要讲他们希望继续讲的语言。

B.Key to the translation from Chinese to Englsih:

40 1.Many iues intersect in the controversy over second language acquisition, such as teaching method, cultural background, and individual learners' differences.2.In China, most schools have legislation that requires all the teachers to give leons in Putonghua.3.Most young people are now studying foreign languages very hard in order to make it in the challenge of society.4.There have always been two viewpoints, conservatives versus liberals, about whether to legislate that English be the official language of the United States or not.5.He appealed against the severity of the punishment to the Supreme Court.He won his appeal in the end and the sentence was halved.6.Developing students'non-intelligence factors, or advocating quality-oriented education, is a byword of current educational thinking.7.In the United States, the Presidential power was reduced by a constitutional amendment in 1991.8.All the materials in the listening textbook are in authentic English, which is helpful to learners.9.Rod Ellis has written many books on second language acquisition, and he has been prominent in research in it.10.A language riot is in eence an ethnic conflict.Therefore, it will threaten to split a country and should be taken seriously.Key to Vocabulary and Structure A.1.controversy 2.chances 3.undertone 4.fu 5.partisan 6.conservative 7.endorse 8.neglected 9.legislation 10.credentials B.1.love affair with 2.struck down 3.in the wake of 4.Popular wisdom 5.pros and cons 6.a strain of 7.have made it 8.allude to 9.alien 10.facing tough odds C.1.secede 2.prohibition 3.Predictably 4.typifies 5.outweigh 6.immigrants 7.tolerance 8.pro-abortionists 9.diversity 10.Conservationists

41 D.1.D.many of which 2.A.to have been 3.C.to another 4.C.suspected criminals 5.D.Portugal's 6.B.there to be 7.C./ 8.D.it does 9.D.did he come to 10.C.what E.1.countries 2.and 3.Two 4.language 5.are 6.four 7.but 8.never 9.Contrary 10.with 11.recognizes 1 2.constitution 13.India 14.than 15.independence 16.because 17.split 18.well 19.demands 20.time Key to Reading Practice 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C

Unit 12 Rich North, Hungry South

Notes to the Texts

1.The South's weakling sweatshops = the factories in the poor south countries, where workers are employed for long hours, at low wages, or under unfavorable conditions.|| weakling adj: weak, not strong.E.g.: Some boys in the cla were weakling and they were frightened of getting in fights.|| weakling n.a person who is physically or morally weak, e.g.: She has a reputation on the committee for being a weakling when decisions have to be made.2.nothing more than = nothing more or le than 完全是 = only E.g.: You're not fit for such a climb and it's nothing more or le than folly to attempt it.3.far from = by no means, absolutely not E.g.: Are you tire? Far from it./ He is not a fool.Far from it 4.fear has now given way to a peimism that is equal and opposite = This fear has now been replaced by a peimism which is just as strong but for a completely different reason.|| give way to = be gradually replaced by sth newer, better, or different.E.g.: With the population growth, hunting and fishing settlements gave way to small towns./ After a while his anger gave way to depreion./ Nowadays letter writing as a means of communication is giving way to sending e-mails./ We mustn't give way to unreasonable demands.5 this view contains an iota of truth = there is hardly any truth in this idea.|| an iota of = a very small quantity of E.g.: As I know, he hasn't an iota of proof./ It's no use talking to him;it won't make an iota of difference.6.enough to lend plausibility = enough to make it seem reasonable

7.it is a hysterical exaggeration = It is an unreasonably exaggerated statement 8.tacitly affirmed = implicitly declared 心照不宣地肯定|| tacit= understood without being put into words E.g.: tacit consent, tacit agreement 默许，默契 9.Starting from there = On that basis 10.have a better platform = have a better chance to illustrate their argument 11.Vital interests oblige the rich countries to protect their industries from the new onslaught.= Crucial interests compel the rich countries to protect their industries from new, large-scale competition(from developing counties).|| onslaught n.= large scale attack 43 12.this idea may sell = this idea may win approval and acceptance || sell vi.= gain acceptance / be accepted E.g.: The war program won't sell with the public.13.The grip that this thinking already has on = The influence that this thinking already has on popular opinion has little relationship with economic history or theories.|| have a grip on = influence;hold the attention of;control E.g.: Computer science is having a profound grip on modern society./ The speaker had a good grip on the audience.14.exprees the conviction that growth in one part of the world must somehow come at the expense of another = exprees the strong belief that development in one part of the world must be achieved by handicapping another part of the world.|| conviction n.= a firmly established belief or opinion;a decision in a court of law that sb is guilty of a crime E.g.: The conviction that their country will prosper overwhelms its people./ The trial and conviction of the killer took half a year.|| at the expense of = with the lo, injury, or sacrifice of = so as to be paid for by 以...为代价，由...负担费用 E.g.: He became a brilliant scholar, but only at the expense of his health./ Peter took a trip to Beijing at company's expense./ Economic development should not be achieved at the expense of moral decline.15.Lending useful support to this first error is a second—the idea that there is only so much work to go round.= The second erroneous way of thinking, which supports the first error, is the idea that there is only limited employment for everyone.|| lend...support to= give support to || so much = a limited amount of E.g.: Sometimes students wonder if the teacher knows they have only so much time to do their leons.16.render some jobs obsolete = cause some jobs out of date 17.in exce of = to a greater amount or degree than 18.At the core of both fallacies is blindne to the adaptive power of a market economy.= The eence of the two false ideas is not realizing the fact that a market economy has the power to change so as to be suitable and succeful in new and different situations.|| market economy = a system of producing wealth based on the free operation of busine and trade without government control || be blind to = be unable to see effects / to judge or understand well 19 an army of = a large number of 20.dwindled to nearly nothing = became le and almost disappeared 21.stand at v.phr.= be at a particular level or amount 22 alongside = adv.close to the side of(a ship or a pier)23.Put carefully, their case goes as follows = Considered carefully, the reasoning these alarmists' offer can be expreed in the following way.44 24.The breadth and intensity of third-world competition is increasing.= Third-world competition is spreading to more areas and growing keener.25.Wages there are being forced down and jobs lost.= In the developed countries, wages are being forced to go down and jobs are disappearing.26.are no longer equipped to withstand such strains.= are not able to endure such preure any more.|| strain n.tension or preure E.g.: The le developed countries have large populations that put great strain on land and other resources.27.social distre = social suffering 28.at length = in detail, thoroughly 29 stiffer competition = tougher, more severe competition 更激烈的竞争 30 physical and human capital = natural resources and labour 31 stand to gain = be likely to gain 32 of scale = extensively

33.outweigh = be more important or valuable than sth else 34.the gains = the profits 35.consolation = giving comfort or sympathy to sb who is unhappy or disappointed 36.It would follow that = It seems to be true(as a logical result of sth else that is true)that...37.is an even more powerful engine of economic change = is an even more powerful factor that causes economic change 37A.strike a bargain = reach an agreement 38.along the way = during the proce 39.alarmists =(derog.)persons who alarm others unnecearily or exceively 危言耸听者

40.not yet argued for prohibitive taxes on all forms of labor-saving innovation = not yet given reasons why there should be high taxes on all types of labor-saving innovation || prohibitive taxes = taxes which are levied intended or tending to prevent the use or purchase of sth 寓禁税 41.wrecking = destroying 42.punitive = so severe that people find it very difficult to pay

45 43.So it will prove with trade with the developing world = Trade with the third world will also show that the benefits outweigh the costs.44.accommodating = adjusting to 45.at large = in general 46.gains ground = become accepted or believed by more people E.g.: The practice of buying houses on loan is gaining ground.47.fail in that challenge = are unable to protect the losers without refusing the benefits to people in general

48.It will not do to provide a welfare system that pays a subsistence income to those whose jobs disappear, for boredom and idlene, even at a bearable standard of living, are socially corrosive.= It will not be acceptable to provide welfare to support people who lose their jobs, because even if the welfare payments are high enough to allow a decent standard of living, the boredom and idlene of being on welfare are destructive to society.Key to the translation from English to Chinese

A.尽管在学科目标和所达到的理论发展水平之间存在着差异，但理论在经济、地理和经济地理领域里起着相同的作用。不管其内容如何，理论研究的目的是把各种各样的细节整理归纳出一种现象之间的清晰的、有恒定关系的模式。理论的发展要求事先作出选择，哪些特征需要检验，哪些关系需要探讨，整个现实情况中哪些方面需要解释以及需要提出怎样的假设。

也许理论的萌芽阶段是由偶然的观察和经历促使形成的。在对这种理论进行初期的探索中，描述一种事实花费了绝大部分的精力。问题的日益复杂性和理论描述的严密性导致了人们越来越关心使用精心选择的数据和各种统计技术来对初步的理论进行测试。在后来的这些发展中，学科的内容越趋于理论化和具有演泽性，而不是具有经验性或描述性。

Key to the translation from Chinese to English

B.1.In the aggregate, the benefits to the Chinese people brought forth in the economic reform have greatly outweighed their costs.2.Unle you are thoroughly prepared in all respects, you will be at a disadvantage in dealing with problems that occur suddenly.3.We have formed the unshakable conviction that man should not exploit the natural resources at the expense of other species.46 4.If no effective measures had been taken to control its population growth in the past several years, the growth rate in the country would have been pushed to something in exce of 4%.5.It is a deeply rooted prejudice to think that innovation constitutes a great threat to social harmony and unity because technological progre has been indeed destroying many employment opportunities and therefore bringing misery to thousands of people.6.Undoubtedly, the world's economic development greatly rests on economic cooperation and interaction between the developed countries and the developing countries.7.After a long negotiation, the two companies struck a bargain to cooperate in the exploitation and utilization of natural gas.8.Many sociologists believe that the old notion of family may well change and the home will become the center of leisure, consumption and creativity in the next century.9.As the government's new economic policy gains ground, a sound and moderate development of the economy will be ensured.10.As far as I'm concerned, it's absurd to put prohibitive taxes on all forms of labor-saving technological innovation.Key to Vocabulary and Structure Vocabulary A.1.hysterical 2.conviction 3.obsolete 4.suffice 5.distre 6.outweigh 7.oversight 8.misery 9.innovation 10.explicit B.1.a.jeopardy 2.a.prohibiting b.jeopardized b.prohibition 3.a.subsidized 4.a.adaptability b.subsidies b.adapt 5.a.impoverishment 6.a.innovative b.impoverished b.innovators 7.a.affirmations 8.a.integrated b.affirmative b.integration 9.a.subsistence 10.a.plausible b.subsistence b.plausibly C.1.go round 2.part and parcel of 3.in exce of 4.at the expense of 5.at a disadvantage 6.given way to 7.rests on 8.at length 9.gain ground 10.in aggregate D.1.was originated?originated 2.them?it 3.sustaining?sustained 4.steady?steadily 5.freely?free 6.on?in 7.With?Without 8.made?make 9.qualified?quality 10.if?unle E.1.industrialized 2.dependent 3.core 4.providing 5.claim 6.simultaneously

47 7.financed

8.poorer

9.last 10.relationship

11.exploit 12.eence 13.maintain 14.theorists 15.primarily

Key to Reading Practice

1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T 48

第4篇：某年pep四年级下册英语表格式教案

XX年pep四年级下册英语表格式教案

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课

件www.xiexiebang.com 进度

Unit1

课型

新授

备课教师

许芸

课题（内容）

my

school

上课时间

年 月 日

教学目标、能听懂、会说：“whereistheteachers’office?Isthistheteachers'office?Theteachers'officeisnexttothelibrary.”并能在实际情景中进行运用。

2、了解英美国家关于楼层的不同表达方式。

重点难点

教学重点：本课对话及其在实际情景中的运用。

教学难点：认读对话。

教

具

教学光盘、单词卡片

教

学

过

程

修改意见

一、复习引题、教师播放本单元歌曲“ourschool”，先让学生听然后鼓励学生跟唱。

2、教师慢慢出示teachers’office等词的图卡，让学生猜出该单词。

二、教学新课 、教师和学生进行

freetalk，话题是whydoyoulikeourschool?鼓励学生用简单的句子做出回答，即使只能说出只言片语，教师也要给予表扬。

2、播放本课Let’stalk部分。教师可以就对话内容提一些

问

题，如

：HowmanyAmericanfriendsarethere?whatdoyoudointheplayground?在提问与回答的过程中，将难点各个击破。

3、进行模仿或跟读练习，注意提醒学生this和that中“th”的发音要咬舌头。

4、first和second的操练可以在排列卡片、复习单词的过程

中

渗

透，如

：

T:what

’sinthefirst/secondpicture?Ss:It’salibrary/ateacher’soffice.也可以让学生听指令排列卡片，如：T:Thefirstcard,playground;thesecondcard,…然后引导学生仔细观察挂图，正确理解和运用短语onthefirstfloor和onthesecondfloor。

5、分角色朗读与表演：教师先与一些学习程度较好的学生进行示范性表演，以降低完全由学生自己表演的难度。然后请学生小组练习和表演。

三、巩固练习、一学生手举起图片背对其他学生面向黑板站立，另一学生依照图的提示做出动作，其余的学生猜测图上表示的是什么课室

或

学

校

场

馆，用

句

型“Isthis...?yes,itis./No,itisn't.”作答。

2、做本单元ALet’stalk部分的作业本练习。

四、布置作业、听Let’stalk部分的录音，读给同伴、朋友或家长听。

板

书

设

计

课

后

反

思

进度

Unit1

课型

新授

备课教师

许芸

课题（内容）

my

school

上课时间

年 月 日

教学目标、能够听、说、认读本课时的主要单词。

2、听懂指示语，并按要求做出相应的动作，如：Gotothegarden.watertheflowers.

重点难点

教学重点：掌握有关学校设施的四个单词，并了解它们的功能。

教学难点：单词library中辅音连缀的发音。

教

具

教学光盘、单词卡片

教

学

过

程

修改意见

一、复习引题、教师播放本单元歌曲“ourschool”，先让学生听然后鼓励学生跟唱。

2、播放第三册第一单元Let’slearnA，回顾句型：“what’sintheclaroom?Aboard,twolights,manydesksandchairs.”自然过度到学习学校各课室的名称。

二、教学新课 、教

师

指

着

教

室

问

学

生

：Thisisournewclaroom.Doyoulikeourclaroom?what’sintheclaroom?学生做出相应的回答。教师接着问：Howmanyclaroomsarethereinourschool?

Doyoulikeourschool?whatelsecanyouseeintheschool?Look!Thisisamapofourschool.2、播放本课的声音Let’slearnA,教读生词。教师可引入句型“It’sonthefirstfloor.，为下一课时进一步学习序数词做铺垫。通过教师领读和听音跟读，让学生掌握本课时五个生词的正确读音。在练习library的发音时，可复习已学过的含辅音连缀的单词，如ice-cream,brother,friend,hungry。

三、巩固练习、小组比赛。教师出示一张词卡，如garden，组内学生依次说出与该词有关的其它单词，如：flowers，red，colour，trees等，这样既复习了学过的单词，也为继续学习Let’sdo打下基础。

2、看Let’sdo的图片（没有文字），让学生仔细看动作，然后跟着声音做动作。播放声音，教师指导学生做出正确的动作。然后分组进行练习，采用组与组竞赛的方式，可以是做动作猜句子并说出单词，也可以是听声音，做动作。让其他的组的学生进行评价。评价包括动作是否准确、到位、优雅等。

四、布置作业、读课文第5页并背诵Let'sdo。

进度

Unit1

课型

新授

备课教师

许芸

课题（内容）

my

school

上课时间

年 月 日

教学目标

能够识别句型“Isthisthe…?和Isthatthe…”的不同用法并在真实情景中正确使用。

重点难点

教学重点：“Isthis…?/Isthat…?”的用法。建议教师在真实的情景中对this和that在距离上的区别进行比较以加深学生的印象。

教学难点：“Isthis…?/Isthat…?”的用法。建议教师在真实的情景中对this和that在距离上的区别进行比较以加深学生的印象。

教

具

教学光盘、单词卡片

教

学

过

程

修改意见

一、复习引题、学生表演A部分Let’sdo的内容。

2、教师和学生进行主题讨论：what’sinourschool?鼓励学生用新学的单词来交谈。

二、教学新课、教师和学生进行freetalk，话题是whydoyoulikeourschool?鼓励学生用简单的句子做出回答，即使只能说出只言片语，教师也要给予表扬。顺着这一话题。教

师

说

：“yes,ourschoolisreallyverynice.TodayafriendfromAmericaiscomingtoseeourschool.chenjieihowingthemaroundschool.Let’swatch.由此导入新课。

2、学生观看后，回答教师提出的理解性问题。在问答的过程中重点理解与操练句型：Isthisthe…?和Isthatthe…?

3、学生听录音跟读对话。

4、学生分角色朗读对话。

三、巩固练习、做本单元B部分作业本上Let’stalk的练习。

四、布置作业、听Let’stalk部分的录音，读给同伴、朋友或家长听。

板

书

设

计

课

后

反

思

进度

Unit1

课型

新授

备课教师

许芸

课题（内容）

my

school

上课时间

年 月 日

教学目标、能够听、说、认读本课时的主要单词：gym,artroom,computerroom,playground,musicroom.2、能够完成Look,askandanswer部分中的活动。

3、能够理解Storytime中故事的大意并跟录音朗读。

重点难点

教学重点：五个生词的正确发音以及序数first,second的用法。

教学难点：理解Storytime中的故事大意。

教

具

教学光盘、单词卡片

教

学

过

程

修改意见

一、复习引题、师生齐唱本单元的Let’tchantB部分的歌谣。

2、学生起立边跳边唱歌曲《ourschool》。

3、教师说一个句子，如：Icanseemanyflowersinit.whereisit?让学生判断是什么单词，然后做出正确的回答。

4、请学生模仿教师说句子，其他学生判断说单词，说一说校园里还有些什么设施和课室等。

二、教学新课、教师播放A部分Let’sdo的声音，学生表演“听听做做”活动。

2、教师提问：wheredowewatertheflowers?学生回答：Inthegarden.教师再问：wheredowereadstory-books?学生回答：Inthelibrary.然后教师继续提问：wheredowehavecomputerclaes?引导学生说出：Inthecomputerroom。

3、教师出示本单元的图片，说，Thisisthecomputerroom.教授其余五个生词。

4、听录音，跟读、模仿。

三、巩固练习

教师把贴在黑板上的五张图卡分别翻过来并打乱顺序，用手盖住单词，然后向学生提问：whereisthemusicroom?或者指着某张图卡问学生：Isthisthemusicroom?让学生回答，借此铺垫新句型：Isthis/thatthe…?

四、布置作业、读课文第8页。

板

书

设

计

课

后

反

思

进度

Unit

课型

新授

备课教师

许芸

课题（内容）

what

time

is

it?

上课时间

年 月 日

教学目标、能让学生运用This/Thatis…写句子。

2、能听懂录音。

3、会唱Let’ing的歌曲。

4、能听懂Storytime的内容。

重点难点 教学重点：掌握两个重点句子：“Thisisthelibrary.Thatistheplayground.”的正确书写。教学难点：在四线格中的正确书写Thisisthelibrary.Thatistheplayground.。

教

具

教学光盘、单词卡片

教

学

过

程

修改意见

一、复习引题、日常口语交流。

2、Review：A、B两部分的词语及对话。

二、教学新课、让学生练习运用This/Thatis…练习说句子。

2、在学生能说的基础上在让学生书写这样的句子。

三、巩固练习、读一读并填空。

2、听录音并排序。

3、看一看并画圈。

4、唱Let’ing的歌曲。

5、听录音看动画理解Storytime的内容。

四、布置作业、唱第10页的歌曲给家长听；

2、听录音并跟读Storytime。

板

书

设

计

课

后

反

思

进度

Unit

课型

新授

备课教师

许芸

课题（内容）

what

time

is

it?

上课时间

年 月 日

教学目标、能听懂、会说“whattimeisit?It’stimefor…”并能在情景中进行运用。

2、能理解并运用“Timetogohome,kids”“Let'sgo!”两个短语的句子。

3、教育学生要严格遵守学校规章制度，按时作息。

重点难点

教学重点：让学生熟练掌握问句“whattimeisit?”和相应的回答以及句型“It’stimefor…”的用法。

教学难点：对话中一些习惯表达法的理解，如：Schoolisover.教

具

教学光盘、单词卡片

教

学

过

程

修改意见

一、复习引题、师生日常口语训练。

2、学生演唱第二册学生用书第64页的歌曲“oneTwoThreeFourFive”。

3、教师和学生一起做“听句子、拔时针”的游戏。教师说：It’stimeforbreakfast./It’stimeforEnglishcla.学生根据实际情况将时针拨到合理的位置。

二、教学新课、教师在做“拨时针”的游戏时对学生发出指令：Schoolisover.如果学生不理解可联系“claisover.”来帮助学生理解。待学生将时针拨到5点或其它实际放学时间后，教师问：Schoolisover.whatdoyoudo?学生回答Gohome.教师说

：

Butwuyifanandjohndon

’tgohome.whataretheydoing?Let’swatchTV.由此导入新课。

2、看与听

学生看Let’stalk部分的或录像，教师可以就对话内容提一些问题。在提问与回答的过程中，借助画面帮助学生理解难点，可要求学生用句型“It’stimefor…”造句。

3、模仿跟说，注意语音语调。

4、分角色朗读与表演。

建议教师扮演john的角色与部分学习程度较好的学生进行示范性表演，以降低学生表演的难度。学生可自由挑选表演伙伴。

三、巩固练习、Let’splay：操练句型“whattimeisit?It’s…”

2、做本单元ALet’stalk部分的作业本上的配套练习。

四、布置作业、听Let’stalk部分的录音，读给同伴、朋友或家长听。

2、四人小组一起动手做一个英语课程表并用所学语言进行表述。

进度

Unit

课型

新授

备课教师

许芸

课题（内容）

what

time

is

it?

上课时间

年 月 日

教学目标、能够听、说、认读本课时的主要单词和词组。

2、能认读句型：whattimeisit?并做出相应的回答：It’s…It’stimefor…

3、能够听懂指示语，并按要求做出相应的动作。

重点难点 教学重点：本课时的主要单词和词组:musiccla,P.E.cla,Englishcla,lunch,dinner。

教学难点：对新句型“whattimeisit?It’snineo’clock.It’stimefor…”的理解和运用。

教

具

教学光盘、单词卡片

教

学

过

程

修改意见

一、复习引题、教师播放第一单元Storytime的录音或者请一组学生表演Storytime中的故事。

2、教师在听录音或学生表演之后想学生提问：whereisZoom?学生回答：Heisinthecanteen.教师又问：why?学生答：

Heishungry.教

师

再

问

：whyinhehungry?whattimeisit?引导学生答出：It’stimeforlunch.接下来，教师可鼓励学生说出哪些东西可以告诉我们时间，如：thesun,themoon,thetree.等等，学生如果不能用英文说，也可用中文说。

二、教学新课、Let’slearn

教师先在黑板上把一天的课程安排写下来。接着出现一口钟（课前准备）。一边表演一边引导学生表演：getup,havebreakfast,havelunch,havedinner。

课程名称的教授可借助于chant.mathcla,mathcla，and1,1and1

chinesecla,chinesecla，readandwrite,readandwrite.P.E.cla,P.Ecla，jumpandrun,jumpandrun..1,11,11,It’stimefor

lunch

musiccla,musiccla，singanddance,singanddance

artcla,artcla,drawapicture,drawapicture.Englishcla,Englishcla,readandchant,readandchant.2、Let’sdo

先听录音，再跟做。采用组与组或男女竞赛的方式。

三、巩固练习、自制一面钟并进行时间问答对话。

四、布置作业、读课文第15页并背诵Let'sdo。

课

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