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儿子与情人读后感

作者:1314HXC | 发布时间:2020-08-28 07:04:00 收藏本文 下载本文

第1篇:儿子与情人读后感

---向的,说不定保罗对他母亲更甚。以至于保罗即使有亚姆利亚和克莱拉的陪伴也感觉很孤独,不自在,他需要的母亲,以相依为命为原则,依赖着这位母亲。

搞不懂为什么保罗那么嬗变,变得一塌糊涂,刚说要跟亚姆利亚结婚的,没过多久就跟人家分手。克莱拉也是,不管是抛弃他丈夫还是被他丈夫抛弃,跟保罗好上一段时间之后,又回到丈夫身边。这么离奇的事件,放到如今,谁能忍受呢。不错,保罗,克莱拉是嬗变,但他们都有一个共同点,他们内心深处的自己没有变,保罗对他母亲的爱始终不变,克莱拉对他丈夫的那种依赖始终没有变。

我因此感到,我这人生,刚出来找工作的时候,也是那么的感觉。坐在公交车上不希望目的地一下子到达,因为我很不希望我达到目的地,因为那个地方不是我想去的。我很不喜欢我去面对那些空洞。因此希望公交车有某些停靠站点,但不希望有目的地,不希望我下

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由于性取向的原因,一般父亲比较偏爱女儿,母亲比较偏爱儿子,同样由于性本能的关系,加上父母双方的刺激,幼儿在性发展的对象选择时期,一般男孩以母亲为对象,女孩以父亲为对象,这就是心理学上的俄狄浦斯情节。

尽管一般人不承认自己有这方面情节,但不可否认,我们儿时或多或少都经历了这样一个俄狄浦斯期,只是有人安全度过了,有人由于某些特定的原因未安全度过。英国着名文学家劳伦斯就是一个受俄狄浦斯情节困扰半生的人,他的自传式名着《儿子与情人》描写的就是一个青年在这样一种情节中苦苦挣扎的心理历程。

小说的主人公保罗出生于一个矿工家庭,父亲是一个粗俗、帅气的矿工,和许多矿工一样,他勤劳但脾气暴躁、酗酒,保罗的母亲出生中产阶级家庭,受过良好的教育,她爱读书,喜欢探讨宗教、哲学方面的问题,什么时候都像一个“贵妇人”。

4---最后由于肺炎死在伦敦,母亲一下子就像老了十几岁,意志消沉,差点死去。幸亏这时的保罗也染上肺炎,母亲注意力一下子转移到次子身上,才意识到不能“光为死人伤心,却忘了活人了”。

母亲振作精神,全力照顾保罗,婚姻不幸的她认为丈夫不值得她爱,女儿安妮整天疯跑,小儿子没心没肺酷似父亲,因此母亲将全部的爱倾注在保罗身上。保罗长大后,腼腆、懂事,知道母亲生活不易,全身心想让母亲过上好日子。母亲很满足有这样好的儿子,保罗也很为自己的母亲骄傲。日积月累母亲的爱慢慢变成了一种占有欲,这让保罗无所适从。

保罗的初恋情人米丽亚姆是一个美丽、纯真的女孩,她崇尚那种清教徒式的生活方式,认为人不应当迷恋眼前的小事物,而应该有崇高的理想,她深深的爱着保罗,不管保罗怎么对她,她始终忍耐,并以一颗仁爱之心对待他。按说,这样的女孩,母亲应该满意才对,6---之夫”。但当她见到克莱拉时,她却很快接受了克莱拉,并且产生了深深的同情。这不是母亲对儿子让了步,而是母亲意识到儿子不过是爱上了克莱拉的肉体,他很快就会厌烦她的。母亲知道他们俩不可能结婚,儿子也不会真正爱上克莱拉,这样自己在儿子心目中还是重要的。

保罗的热情很快褪去,人是有感情的动物,不可能总是灵肉分离,他厌倦了克莱拉,而克莱拉从与保罗的恋情中意识到,自己丈夫才是真正爱自己的人,于是回到丈夫身边。

年迈的母亲因为癌症离开了人世,留下保罗彷徨、孤独的生活着,但他也终于能够正常的爱了,高尚的米丽亚姆主动回到了他的身边,只是他内心还是迷惘的,母亲在他心里能退到一个正常的位置吗?作者没说,我们也难以猜测。

与父亲相比,母亲生活圈子相对较窄,又由于女性特有的感性,母爱往往表现得较为强烈。没人怀疑母爱的伟大,爱一个人就想得到这个人全部的爱,这

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第2篇:儿子与情人读后感

儿子与情人读后感

我有听过好几个英语老师推荐我们读英国作家劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》这本小说。在我看了大概之后,我在想伦理问题。由于性取向的原因,一般父亲比较偏爱女儿,母亲比较偏爱儿子,同样由于性本能的关系,加上父母双方的刺激,幼儿在性发展的对象选择时期,一般男孩以母亲为对象,女孩以父亲为对象,这就是心理学上的俄狄浦斯情节。尽管一般人不承认自己有这方面情节,但不可否认,我们儿时或多或少都经历了这样一个俄狄浦斯期,只是有人安全度过了,有人由于某些特定的原因未安全度过。英国着名文学家劳伦斯就是一个受俄狄浦斯情节困扰半生的人,他的自传式名著《儿子与情人》描写的就是一个青年在这样一种情节中苦苦挣扎的心理历程。

保罗是这个家的第三个孩子,他刚出生时母亲是不爱他的,甚至是恨他的,因为这时她和丈夫的关系正处于冰点,她在身怀六甲时还被丈夫赶出家门,差点冻死,为了孩子,她忍耐着活下去,这时的母亲是坚强而令人尊敬的。

母亲最大的愿望是孩子能长大成人,以分担自己过重的负担。因此长子是她心中最重要的人。当长子威廉在伦敦某到一份高薪的工作时,母亲感到非常骄傲。然而,威廉由于爱上了一个花钱如流水的女人,生活凄苦,精神抑郁,最后由于肺炎死在伦敦,母亲一下子就像老了十几岁,意志消沉,差点死去。幸亏这时的保罗也染上肺炎,母亲注意力一下子转移到次子身上,才意识到不能“光为死人伤心,却忘了活人了”。

莫莱尔夫妇,他们从相知、相处、相恋、相离(这里的离是心灵距离的扩大),因而移情别恋到大儿子身上,后来又因大儿子的早亡转到保罗身上。但这种转移也并非单向的,而是双向的,说不定保罗对他母亲更甚。以至于保罗即使有亚姆利亚和克莱拉的陪伴也感觉很孤独,不自在,他需要的母亲,以相依为命为原则,依赖着这位母亲。

保罗的初恋情人米丽亚姆是一个美丽、纯真的女孩,她崇尚那种清教徒式的生活方式,认为人应该有崇高的理想,她深深的爱着保罗,不管保罗怎么对她,她始终忍耐,并以一颗仁爱之心对待他。按说,这样的女孩,母亲应该满意才对,可恰恰相反,母亲恨极了米丽亚姆,于是她对儿子说米丽亚姆“能把人的灵魂都吸干”,坚决反对儿子与她在一起。

保罗在母亲与情人之间挣扎,在情人那里待得晚了,回去受到母亲的责备,不忍母亲的伤心,于是百般折磨米丽亚姆,折磨过后又后悔,赶紧和好。回去再受责备时,他就会想起情人的可怜,于是又冷淡的对待母亲,而看到母亲可怜,转而又哄母亲开心,折磨情人。如此周而复始,保罗内心痛苦彷徨,他知道自己心理有问题,却又说不出是什么。

最后,保罗实在受不了这样的折磨,离开了米丽亚姆,在这场爱的较量中,母亲大获全胜。然而,保罗是一个年轻男人,终究会有人的七情六欲,年轻的有妇之夫克莱拉丰腴妩媚,保罗很快与她坠入情网。对于这段恋情,母亲开始是持反对意见的,因为克莱拉“是个有妇之夫”。但当她见到克莱拉时,她却很快接受了克莱拉,并且产生了深深的同情。这不是母亲对儿子让了步,而是母亲意识到儿子不过是爱上了克莱拉的肉体,他很快就会厌烦她的。母亲知道他们俩不可能结婚,儿子也不会真正爱上克莱拉,这样自己在儿子心目中还是重要的。保罗的热情很快褪去,人是有感情的动物,不可能总是灵肉分离,他厌倦了克莱拉,而克莱拉从与保罗的恋情中意识到,自己丈夫才是真正爱自己的人,于是回到丈夫身边。年迈的母亲因为癌症离开了人世,留下保罗彷徨、孤独的生活着,但他也终于能够正常的爱了,高尚的米丽亚姆主动回到了他的身边,只是他内心还是迷惘的,母亲在他心里能退到一个正常的位置吗?

总有一种逃离,一种面对现实不满意的逃离。保罗也是这样,对母亲的死去,他久久不能承认,然后寻求的方式是借酒,像那次被克莱拉打到五体投地趴在地下时的情形一样,懒得动弹,懒得面对这个事实。或是不愿意承认他被打趴下这个事实。

第3篇:儿子与情人读后感

《儿子与情人》读后感

第一章:莫雷尔夫妇的早年婚姻生活 莫雷尔夫妇刚结婚那时很幸福,可好景不长,莫雷尔太太发现她的丈夫其实对她说了很多谎言,莫雷尔太太开始对她丈夫改观,开始瞧不起她丈夫。莫雷尔这时也开始晚归,喜欢上喝酒。随着时间流逝,两人的矛盾日益加深,但即使如此,莫雷尔太太仍然不选择家庭,因为她很爱她的孩子。文中还描写到了莫雷尔太太不喜欢杰利(莫雷尔的朋友)这个人也是因为他不照顾孩子,从这篇章中可以看出莫雷尔太太是位很称职的母亲。

第二章:保罗出世,**再起

莫雷尔对她太太的态度很极端,在莫雷尔太太分娩前,他当了回好丈夫,少去酒吧,早起做早餐,有时还会打扫屋子,在伤着莫雷尔太太之后又愧疚不已,但另一方面,莫雷尔对他妻子又会很暴躁,孩子们都很害怕他。莫雷尔太太虽然讨厌着莫雷尔,但莫雷尔只要稍微做出补偿的回应,莫雷尔太太又会立即宽心。

第三章:莫雷尔失势,威廉得宠

在这章中,莫雷尔家的三个孩子快速长大,并且三个孩子都十分出色聪明,大儿子威廉赚得了很多钱,虽然是个花心的男孩,但他十分孝顺莫雷尔太太,也滴酒不沾。莫雷尔太太对威廉的成长与懂事甚是欣慰。但威廉即将前往伦敦工作,莫雷尔太太因不能在他身边照顾他,继续看着他成长感到十分伤心。在这篇章中,我们能看得出莫雷尔太太是个有智慧的女性,她会教导威廉要能选择轻重,“面面俱到是不行的”。可以说,三个孩子成长得这么好,的确是莫雷尔太太教导有方。

第四章:保罗的少年生活

在这章中作者描写了保罗的一些事,让人印象深刻的是保罗在弄坏姐姐安妮的玩偶后竟然提出了要烧掉玩偶来纪念它的主意,另外还从许多小细节看出保罗是个敏感的孩子,隐约在保罗的身上看见了他父亲的影子,在一定程度上,保罗与他父亲很相似。这章的后半段讲了威廉从伦敦回来,家里装扮了一番,并且做了很多美食,威廉顺利回家后,家里其乐融融地度过这愉快的节日,营造出了一个幸福家庭的感觉。

第五章:保罗涉足尘世

保罗去了乔丹公司工作,在面试时,保罗的心情是胆怯的,内心有点抗拒,但工作真正开始后,随着对工作的熟悉加深,身边同事相处日渐融洽,保罗愈发享受这份工作,虽然每天都拖着疲惫的身体回家,但他很快乐。

第六章:丧家

威廉与女友矛盾日意义加重,他虽然憎恨她的行为,却无法离开她,这点与他母亲十分相似。最后大儿子威廉因病逝世,莫雷尔太太伤心不已。

第七章:痴男怨女情不尽

在这章中,保罗情窦初开,虽然一方面喜欢着米丽亚姆,但在某些方面保罗因她坏了他的闲适与纯真恨她。因为两人性格内敛,所以他们的关系也止于交谈。保罗母亲十分讨厌米丽亚姆,心中有儿子被抢的感觉。第八章:爱之争

描写的仍然是保罗对米丽亚姆摇摆不定

第九章:米丽亚姆的失败 保罗与米丽亚姆的矛盾加深,此时又有克莱拉的加入,这位美丽又富有魅力的女士深深吸引了保罗,这让米丽亚姆嫉妒着。

第十章:克莱拉

第十一章:对米丽亚姆的考验

保罗对米丽亚姆的兴趣恢复,并且甜蜜地相处了几个月,可是突然有天晚上,保罗决定和米丽亚姆分手,并且跟她说了。

第十二章:情焰

第十三章:巴克斯特道斯

巴克斯塔被他的情人抛弃了,而后他就回来了,当他看见克莱拉与保罗如此亲近时,他十分生气,一直找保利洛的茬,最后他们在夜深人静的一晚上还大打出手。另一方面,保罗对克莱拉的感情一开始是非常热烈的,但后来又变得非常冷漠,在他与母亲的一次交谈中,他提及到了克莱拉与米丽亚姆都吸引不到他。

该篇章的后文还写了保罗母亲的身体状况每日渐下,还在肋部发现了肿瘤,在安妮家待了数天之后,又坐车回到自己家休养。

第十四章:解脱

第十五章:被遗弃的人

第4篇:《儿子与情人》读后感[推荐]

《儿子与情人》是英国作家劳伦斯的第一部长篇小说。小说中的父亲莫雷尔是一名矿工,遇到其妻子两人相爱并结婚,但婚后不久,由于长期的沉重劳动和煤井事故使他脾气暴躁,夫妇两人经常发生争吵,慢慢发觉原来两人之间的爱情只是昙花一现。母亲开始将自己的全部感情都放在自己的孩子身上。

一开始,母亲最看好长子威廉,希望他能出人头地,但是威廉在去伦敦当律师的时候过度劳累致死。大儿子去世后,莫雷尔太太则把全部希望寄予在小儿子保罗身上。围绕着保罗的除了母爱,还有和米莉安、克拉拉的爱情,在恋爱的过程中,保罗因一直爱着自己的母亲而无法真正地爱上其他女人。他和米莉安兴趣相投、渐渐擦出火花,然而米莉安想在精神上占据保罗使他喘不过气,莫雷尔太太也对她没有好感,保罗进退两难,最终放弃了米莉安。和米莉安分手后,保罗又与克拉拉相恋,但两人之间的爱情不是灵魂的结合,只是肉体上的狂欢,短暂的激情过后注定要破灭。

母亲在保罗的身上倾注了太多母爱以至于这种感情变得畸形,一定程度上也在摧毁保罗,在母亲的影响下,保罗无法做出自己选择、走自己的道路,一直到母亲去世,他才挣脱束缚,真正长大。

小说除了描写这一畸形的感情,还批判了英国工业社会中的物质文明,强调人应坚持原始的本性。

第5篇:读后感儿子与情人sonsandlovers

The Interpretation of the flowers in Sons and Lovers

Abstract Sons and Lovers, written by DH Lawrence, is an earlier works that reflects both penetrating social problem and psychological problem.The theme of the novel is Paul Morel's relationship with his mother and her influence upon his development.This paper will talk about the symbol meanings of the flowers.In this novel, different flowers symbolize the three main different women, and reveal their human qualities, such as white lily symbolizes the pure mother's love;white roses and narcii imply Miriam's pure spirit, whereas Miriam's intimacy to the flowers indicates that her tendency of poeing objects including Paul's soul;The crimson flowers refer to the paion of Clara.Here, the paper studies the relationship between flowers and main characters, showing that analyzing the meaning of the flowers is important to help us have a better understanding of the theme in the novel.Key words: flowers, relationship, character

Introduction Lawrence's novels are always full of vivid descriptions of natural environment to show that human beings need to live in a healthy and natural world.Also the natural objects such as trees, flowers, the moon and evenings imply symbolic meanings to make the novel significant.To understand the novel better, this paper tries to use a Semiotics approach to interpret the main symbols, so as to reveal the theme of the novel.In Claics of Semiotics edited by Martin Krampen, Semiotics is thus defined: As a science of sign procees, semiotics investigates all types of communication and information exchange among human beings, animals, plants, internal systems of organisms.Thus it encompaes most of the subject areas of the arts and the social science, as well as those of biology and medicine.According to this theory, there should be some certain connections between the different flower symbols and the three different kinds of women characters.The Flowers Related to Mrs.Morel Everything Paul does is for his mother.As it is, the flowers he picked can prove us that his mother is his only intimate and his only confidant.We can see this unnatural love at any occasion in the novel: Then Paul fished out a little spray.He always brought her one spray, the best he could find.(63)"Here's a bit of new-mown hay," he said;then, again, he brought her forget-me-nots.And, again, his heart hurt with love, seeing her hand, used with work, holding the little bunch of flowers he gave her.She was perfectly happy."(114)When Paul takes his mother to Lincoln, She was bright and enthusiastic as ever, but as he sat opposite her in the railway carriage, she seemed to look frail.He had a momentary sensation as if she were sleeping away from him.Then he wanted to get hold of her, to fasten, almost to chain her.He felt he must keep hold of her with his hand.And later he bought her some blue violets.(222)We know that the mother's love to the son is abnormal, but they are not aware of it.And even this feeling grows unconsciously just like the scyllas flowers growing quietly when Mrs.Morel doesn't know: Under the fence, in a little bed, was a ravel of poor gray leaves, such as come from very immature bulbs, and three scyllas in bloom.Mrs.Morel pointed to the deep blue flowers.The white flowers are often related to Mrs.More to expre her spiritual features.Let us examine the paage with which the first chapter of Sons and Lovers ends-where Mrs.Morel, pregnant with Paul, wanders deliriously in the garden, shut out of the house by Morel in his drunkenne.In the garden, she stands cold and isolated from the world, with great anguish, feeling the mystery of the nature and sensing the child within her womb: Mrs.Morel leaned on the garden gate, looking out, and she lost herself awhile.She did not know what she thought.Except for a slight feeling of sickne, and her consciousne in the child, herself melted out like scent into the shiny, pale air.After a time the child too, melted with her in the mixing-pot of moonlight, and she rested with the hills and lilies and houses, all swum together in a kind of swoon.(22)After getting back in the house, the moment she notices that her face is smeared with the yellow dust of the lilies, she gets relieved, thinking the overpowering scent of the lilies and strange cold light of the moon.It is such a mystical moment that she finds peace in the sensation of her unborn child.This scene is the first indication of a special bond between the mother and the son.Although it is very ordinary, sunflower in the novel is a symbol, too.It symbolizes the shelter that Paul seeks for.Wherever Paul goes, whatever he meets, he always seeks consolation from his mother, and his mother thinks so.We can see it from the following scenes: There was a lovely yellow ravel of sunflowers in the garden.She looked out of the window."There are my sunflowers!" she said.(352)She sat propped in her chair, smiling, and so pretty.The gold wedding,ring shone on her white hand;Her hair was carefully brushed.And she watched the tangled sunflowers dying, the chrysanthemums coming out, and the dahlias.Paul and she were afraid of each other.He knew, and she knew, that she was dying.(357)When Mrs.Morel is alive, the sunflower is flourishing, and when she is dying, the sunflowers are dying.The Flowers Related to Miriam Miriam loves flowers, but her love is unnatural.She "care it with her mouth and cheeks and brow"(201).To her, "flowers appeared with such strength she felt she must make them part of herself"(160).The description of Miriam's love to the flowers indicates two aspects: 1.It is not appreciation of nature, but a sense of poeion.2.A sense of religion.For her, "she was cut off from ordinary life by her religious intensity which made the world for her either a nunnery garden or a paradise, where sin or else are ugly, cruel thing"(138).As a result, the love between Paul and her is doomed to be a failure.We can see this view from the following.Paul paed along a fine row of sweet-peas, gathering a bloom here and there, all cream and pale blue.Miriam followed, breathing the fragrance.To her, flowers appealed with such strength she felt she must make them part of herself.When she bent and breathed a flower, it was, as if she and the flowers were loving each other.Paul hated her for it.There seemed a sort of exposure about the action, something too intimate.(160-1)Miriam loves the flowers in a very intimate way;she always embraces and breathes the flowers, as if they loved each other.It seems that she wants to poe them.Just as Paul said that she wants to “suck them”, it also shows Miriam's unusual love to things including Paul.The narration of Miriam always connects with white roses and Christian figures to show her pure spirit and religious emotions.However, all these behaviors make Paul feel annoyed, believing that she wanted the soul out of his body, and not him.“She wanted to draw all of him into her.”(179)

Lawrence uses flowers to objectify the considerably milder sexual attraction of Miriam.In chapter VII: The place was decorated for Easter.In the front hundreds of white narcii seemed to be growing.The air was dim and thrilled with a subtle scent of lilies and narcii.In that atmosphere Miriam's soul came into a glow…Miriam turned to him.Her soul expanded into prayer beside him.He felt the strange fascination of shadowy religious places.All his latent mysticism quivered into life.She was drawn to him.He was a prayer along with her.(155)Lilies and narcii in the scene indicate both Miriam’s virgin and her pure soul.And sex-consciousne always fills her with shame.But Paul is so attractive to her, so she would rather sacrifice herself to get the soul of him.In the book, I believe Miriam may be the most miserable figure.While she has no idea what the religion has influenced her, she fails to get Paul, no matter how hard she tries.The Flowers Related to Clara Clara is a woman different from Mrs.Morel and Miriam.If we say the latter are spiritual, the former is paionate.In the novel, being the symbol of paion, she is always connected with crimson.This is the first time that Paul meets Clara in formal occasion.The crimson nasturtiums that come out from the cool green shadow of their leaves predict the coming of Clara.What is more, it also gives hints that Paul will seek a sort of fire in paion.The flowers in the novel stand for the Clara’s charm without doubt.And Paul is drawn into it completely.When Paul and Clara went out, "He bought her a bunch of scarlet, brick-red carnations.She put them in her coat, flushing.(284)When she arose, he, looking on the ground all the time, saw suddenly sprinkled on the black wet beech-roots many scarlet carnation petals, like splashed drops of blood;and red, small splashes fell from her bosom, streaming down her dre to her feet.(289)In all, Clara's indiscretion makes their first intimacy easy for Paul, despite the hazards.However, they only are able to have sexual connection rather than spiritual words.An old lady in the novel once presents Clara with "three tiny dahlias in full blow, neat as bees, and speckled scarlet and white"(291).And it is clear that their getting together is made "because we were jolly."

Conclusion As a writer, Lawrence has a great influence on Modern English literature, for he saw the empty soul of the flourishing society.The sons and loves is one of the great novels, and it is rich of all kinds of flowers between the lines, which, to some extent, is important for readers to understand the characters and the themes.After all, the symbolic interpretation of the main objects described many times in the novel has great benefits, and we should learn the flowers seriously in the future research of the sons and lovers.

第6篇:儿子与情人英语读后感(版)

Deformed Maternal Love

-Thought on sons and lovers

In eyes of many, maternal love is the hollies emotion in the world and mother as the holder of maternal love is always compared to incarnate angel.But my view was altered dramatically after I read D.H.Lawrence's first major novel, sons and lovers.The story mainly focus on Mrs.Morel, mother of the sons, is the major character in the novel.She is a strong-willed, refined, puritanical, and middle-cla lady who has been shocked and disappointed by her marriage to a miner.Then she devotes herself paionately to her children for consolation, especially her sons.However, Mrs.Morel’s love and care is overmuch and rather heavy to her children, which ultimately causes the death of her elder son, William and crippled love of her second son, Paul.As far as I am concerned, the mother’s love in this novel is deformed and diseased that led to tragedy of her sons.In this novel, Mrs.Morel pours all her paion on his children.So she can get a sense of being loved.She takes her son as her perfect lovers in her deep heart.And that is why Mrs.Morel is so jealous of sons’ girlfriends and even persuades William to give up her girlfriend when the lovers plan to marry.Mrs.Morel deprives her son’s rights of love.And it causes the death of William died by pneumonia, and makes Paul loses ability to love anymore.In general, Mrs.Morel is a horrible and unqualified mother.She plays

the major part in her sons’ lives and attempts to control them so tightly, which is similar to Eileen Chang’s tale of Golden Lock.Although they live under different social and cultural background, both mothers show their distorted psychology and strong control of their children.And both mothers and their children end in tragedy.As Dewey says, disorder of family relations is the fertile soil evoking various diseases of mind and emotion.Therefore, Maternal Love doesn’t mean the more the better.We should remember that everything is not definitely good.They must under moderate range and follow considerate rule.

第7篇:《儿子与情人》书评

一个时代和一个家庭的悲剧

——《儿子与情人》书评

最近在看一部小说《儿子与情人》,这是备受争议的一部小说,曾经位列英国十大禁书之首,然而吸引我的不是由于作者传达出的那种关于性爱的思想,而是故事所处的时代背景与这个背景下阶级矛盾造成的家庭悲剧。

戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯是20世纪英国作家。他所处的时代是英国文学的现代时期。这个时期,自然经济进入垄断型经济时期,社会化大生产与生产资料私有制之间的矛盾愈发激化,导致接连不断的经济危机与大范围失业,贫富分化走向极端。第一次及第二次世界大战,各个殖民地的解放运动,这一系列巨变促进了思想发展,法国的象征主义预示了现代主义文学的产生。

劳伦斯声称现代社会人性的扭曲与人际关系的冷漠疏远是物欲与权欲造成的。资本主义机器工业文明将人变成了无性的机器。《儿子与情人》这部作品,随处可见劳伦斯自己的生活经历,他出生于一个普通的矿工家庭,母亲来自上流社会,因而渴望儿子受到良好的教育,从而摆脱下层生活之苦。劳伦斯粗俗的父亲与高雅的母亲之间的冲突在这部自传体小说里表现得淋漓尽致。故事开始于保罗父母的婚姻。莫利尔夫人出身中产阶级,意志力强,富有才华与雄心。她迷恋上一位热情活跃英俊潇洒的煤矿工人沃尔·莫利尔,并不顾身份下嫁给他。婚后他们度过了短暂的幸福生活,此后,阶级差异暴露出来,使他们疏远了。对丈夫的失望使她将所有爱倾注在儿子们身上。她决定永远不要再让儿子们也成为矿工,他们必须接受良好教育以实现她未能实现的梦想,取得事业成功和社会地位。儿子们在各个方面深受母亲影响,同时也以母亲的眼光去看待父亲,鄙视他那沉沦的个性,渐渐地父亲成为他们排斥的对象。小说第二部分,大儿子威廉去世后,小说的小主人公——二儿子保罗和母亲的亲近关系进一步发展。保罗在心理上的经历了与米丽安和克拉拉两位姑娘的初恋纠葛。他对母亲有很重的依赖性,连认识世界也要母亲帮助。为了成为独立的男人与真正的艺术家,他决定努力摆脱母亲的影响,但他失败了,因而他没能留住自己的恋人。母亲去世后,只留下他一人面对未知的世界,所幸小说末尾,保罗摒弃了绝望,决定面对不可知的未来。

在莫利尔所处的那个时代,人们的生活被工业大生产的机器入侵,铁道,房屋,资本家......各种各样环境的变化,也导致人物内心的变化,这算是故事发展的一条线索吧。故事中的莫利尔夫人出身中产阶级,是个清教徒,为人清高,自律严格。她不满足现在的生活状况,对丈夫的失望,对儿子的期望,都是她决心挣脱工人阶级,向往更美好生活的表现。而威廉与保罗的努力也正是挣脱所属阶级的枷锁的结果。对待婚姻与性生活,《儿子与情人》视角独特,对人性中隐秘的“恋母情结”有深刻、形象的挖掘。一般认为,小说中的儿子保罗就是劳伦斯的化身,而莫利尔太太就是劳伦斯的母亲莉蒂娅,保罗的女友米丽安就是劳伦斯的初恋情人杰茜。他在给朋友的信中说:“我们相互爱着,几乎像丈夫跟妻子那样的爱,同时又是母亲与儿子的爱。我们俩就像一个人,彼此那样敏感,我们之间不要语言。这挺可怕,弄得我有些方面不正常。”

但是如果把《儿子与情人》理解为儿子、母亲与情人的三角关系,这也并不准确。不论是威廉还是保罗,他们悲剧性的恋爱,最重要的原因并不是母亲的意见,而是他们成长于这个时代这个家庭,他们悲剧性的个性所然。劳伦斯在这部小说里讨论了四种悲剧性的两性关系:莫利尔夫妇、威廉与吉普、保罗与米丽安、保罗与克拉拉。这里有并不门当户对的爱情,如莫利尔夫妇和威廉的爱情,也有在精神与肉体之间迷茫的保罗的爱情。你可以说莫利尔夫妇失败的婚姻埋下了威廉和保罗悲剧命运的种子,但这也不是所有的理由,不能不看到这个故事发生的背景是十九世纪末城市工业化水平提高,城乡差距加大,贫富之间的阶层沟壑越来越深,人们在物质与精神之间越发失去方向……

莫利尔夫妇只是在这个社会转型大背景下的一个小小的家庭样本,不过他们灾难性的家庭生活使得这个悲剧的内涵又得到了延伸和深化。威廉的死,其实是作为一个来自乡下的年轻人试图进入上流社会的失败挑战,他挣扎于上流社会的“交际花”吉普对于财富的贪婪和精神上的匮乏给他带来的巨大陷阱;但是他向上流社会努力的愿望得到了全家人的支持和鼓励,也是他的母亲莫利尔太太的期待和希望所在。而保罗虽然离开了家乡来到了诺丁汉的工厂,但是他仍向往着米丽安所代表的农场乡村还有虔诚纯净的精神生活,但是米丽安所要的那种“崇高”的富有宗教意味的狂热的精神生活虽然对保罗有吸引力却同时又压得他喘不过气来,他渴望着肉体的“生命之火”。父母失败的爱情对于保罗来说是切肤之痛,在他的成长过程中,没有一个成功的男性榜样,他恨自己的父亲对母亲的不尊重和不体贴,却也不知道一个优秀的男人应该怎样面对女人去爱。保罗不是没有爱的男人,但他只会对母亲的爱,却不会对女人的爱,他分不清这两种爱的区别。诚然保罗说过,如果没有母亲的反对,他会娶米丽安,可是他如果真的娶了米丽安他会幸福么?莫利尔太太反对米丽安和保罗在一起,一方面固然是她的自私,害怕米丽安夺去儿子所有的心,另一方面何尝不是她对于儿子的了解,米丽安是保罗的精神伴侣,但也是不可承受的精神压力,保罗追求的是精神和肉体的统一的爱情,而米丽安却过于超然于普通的物质生活之外了。在莫利尔太太死后,米丽安和保罗有过结婚的机会,可是他们还是最终没有能在一起,或者正说明了这一点。

保罗和米丽安的爱情,看起来像一场战争。在他们分手的时候,米丽安曾经控诉道,这七年的感情就是你争我斗。是啊,米丽安一直想要征服保罗,保罗又何尝不是如此。当爱情变成了征服者的游戏,两败俱伤的结局其实一点都不让人奇怪。

《儿子与情人》最让人压抑也最让人震动的,对我来说,其实是莫利尔夫妇一生都不幸福的婚姻生活,还有由此产生的孩子们对于童年的悲惨记忆,以及在这种压抑不快乐的环境中成长起来的孩子们的性格。这是这个家庭的悲剧,也是这个时代造就的悲剧。时代与家庭相互联系着,造就了这样一个家庭各个人物的身世悲剧,本书不公平的被封为禁书,是人们没有看到它背后的时代原因而只是纠结在对性爱的含蓄描写,这也算是文学上的一段悲剧吧!

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本文标题: 儿子与情人读后感
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