汉语精读教案模板(共15篇)
第1篇:对外汉语精读课教案
对外汉语精读课教案
《让沉默不再是金》教学教案 中文0604 11号 程超
一、教学对象:二年级下学期(中级二册教材)
二、教学内容:
1.生词,注重结构,词义,用法上具有汉语特点的词汇。
2.课文,通过大声朗读以及问题提问等方式加深学生对文章大意的理解。
3.语言点,重点是语言点的用法及语义的掌握和应用。
4.练习,重点放在语言点的相关练习上。
5.了解课文中出现的俗语背后深意。
三、教学目标:
1.掌握所学生词,特别是重点生词的用法。
2.掌握并熟练应用语言点的语义用法。
3.理解课文出现的俗语,并领会作者的心理。
四、教学方法:
1.对于生词和语言点的讲解,重点放在词义、语义以及用法上。在讲解的基础上,通过设置语境对重点生词和语法进行操练,帮助学生理解并掌握,达到会应用的目的。
2.在课文教学中,在掌握生词的基础上,首先通过领读和大声朗读使学生感知文章,对难理解处进行简单的讲解,力求掌握文章大意。
3.围绕课文相关内容进行简单地提问并小范围讨论,加深学生对作者写作意图的把握。
五、教学过程:
同学们,早上好!在上课前,老师要给你们介绍一句中国的俗语,(板书:沉默是金)来,我们一起读一下这句话。(生齐读)“沉默”就是不说话,保持安静。大家觉得沉默好吗,重要吗?(小范围讨论)(找个别同学)你觉得回答老师问题时,沉默好吗?开party时,沉默好吗?(生答)恩,那这些时候,沉默还是金吗?对,今天呢,我们就“让沉默不再是金”(板书:让沉默不再是金)
讲课文之前,我们先来认识一下生词。有谁愿意为大家读一下,恩,在他读的过程中,其他的同学帮他听听有没有读错的地方。(生读)他读得真不错!(适当纠错,然后,老师领读一遍。再找平时发音好的同学领读一遍。)
好,我们先看第一个生词:
1、复杂(形)复杂是指事物多而且乱,主要用在以下三种情况:
(1)如今社会人际关系复杂。——关系复杂——简单、单纯
(2)这道数学题很复杂。——问题复杂——简单、容易
(3)她的想法真的很复杂,总是想太多。——思想、想法复杂——简单、单纯
这三种不同的情况,它们的反义词也有一点点的不同。但都可以用“简单”。这一点大家注意一下就可以了。我们来看第二个词:
2、耿直(形)跟老师读。这个耿直呀,是说一个人想说什么就说什么,从不拐弯抹角。我们常说:性格~
例如:他是一个(性格)耿直的人。
这个词还有两种其他的写法,鲠直、梗直。
其实,接下来的这个词和“耿直”的意思一样,它的意思表现得很明显。第三个生词是什么呀?(生答)
3、快人快语 我们常常把它写成“快言快语”。
近义词:心直口快
反义词:吞吞吐吐 就是说有些人说一句话之前要先想半个小时,我们就说:
例如:他说话吞吞吐吐的。
那大家说说,你们喜欢哪一种人啊?是耿直,快言快语,心直口快的的,还是吞吞吐吐的?呵呵,很明显哈!好,我们接着往下看,4、打抱不平(走到同学们中间,什么都不说,打一下A同学)老师刚才说面都没说就打了A同学一下,这时候,B同学看到后,觉得老师打A同学很不公平,他很可怜,所以,B同学就打了老师一下。那我们说B同学的这种行为呢就叫“打抱不平”。我们可以把这句话完整地说成,例如:B同学为A同学打抱不平。
在用这个词的时候,要注意不要把“抱”写成“报”。好,看第五个生词
5、得罪(动)意思是“使„„不高兴”。我们常说:~人,~领导。你们最好不要得罪我哦,小心考试不及格,呵呵!
例如:他做了不少得罪人的事儿。恩,这就是得罪。我们看最后一个词
6、遭 虽然只有一个字,但它的意思可不止一个。
(1)动词 作动词时,是“碰到、遇到”的意思,后面接的常常是一些不好的事情。
例如:~难,~灾,~险
(2)量词 它还有做量词的情况,相当于“回、次”。我们班都有谁是第一次来中国?恩,我们就可以说:来中国,我还是第一遭。对我来说,接触到这么多可爱的外国留学生,今天还是头一遭。
课文中出现的是“遭”做动词的情况。
好,我们再一起读一遍这六个生词(生齐读)。生词就先学到这儿!
大家翻到课文部分,先找同学把课文的前两段读一下。(找几个同学分读
1、2自然段)同学们的发音越来越地道了!现在再听老师读一遍,大家仔细听,一会儿考你们几个小问题!(老师读课文)好,课文读完了,你们准备好了吗?我要说问题了?(根据课文内容回答问题)
1、大学毕业时,教授是怎么对“我”说的?
2、教授的话是什么意思呢?用文中的话回答。
3、教授的话让“我”想到谁了呢?
4、“我”父亲是怎样一个人?
5、父亲为什么一生都不顺?
6、他吃亏又是因为什么?
7、“我”毕业以后到哪儿工作了?
8、到工作岗位之后,我是怎么做的?(生答:“一到工作岗位,我就把沉默是金作为信条。”引出语言点:一„„就„„)
看来大家听得都很认真!现在你们看课本上的这句话(一到工作岗位,我就把沉默是金作为信条。板书:一„„就„„)这呀,是我们这节课的重点。它有两个用法
1、表示的是一个动作或是情况出现以后紧接着又出现了另一个动作或是情况。连接的前后两个句子的主语可以相同,也可以不同;前后两句的动词一般是不一样的。
(引导同学)一会儿放学后你要做什么?(生答:去食堂吃饭,回宿舍„„)我们就可以说,例如:一放学,我就去食堂吃饭。
一放学,我就回宿舍。
(引导同学)你平时有时间都喜欢做什么呢?(生答:睡觉,看书,打球)(找其他同学造句。)
例如:他一有时间就睡觉。(看书,打球)
不知道大家注意到没有,上面几句话主语都是相同的,听我这句话:她一打球,我就去加油!现在这有几个词和短语,你们试着连成句子。
(1)我 睡觉 她 说话
(2)老师 提问 我 紧张
(3)我 回家 妈妈 高兴
你们掌握的可真好,老师很高兴!我们再来看它的第二个用法
2、表示一个动作一发生就到了一个很高的程度。这时句子只能有一个主语,前后两个动词是一样的,或者用“是”代替后一个动词。
(引导同学)我们已经上了一上午的课了,怎么样,累不累?(生答:累„„)我们用这个句型可以说
例如:我们一上课就是(上)一上午,大家都累了。
(引导同学)你在北京住了多久了?(生答:三个月,一年„„)
例如:他在北京一住就是(住)三个月(一年)
(引导同学)食堂早餐的包子,你能吃几个?(四个,六个„„)(找其他同学造句。)
例如:食堂早餐的包子,他一吃就是(吃)四个。(六个)
好,我们慢慢再把这些例句读一遍,大家要注意每个句子的意思,还有它的主语和动词情况。(生齐读)给你们两分钟时间再感受一下这个句型的两个用法,一会我们做几个小练习。
练习:
按要求用“一„„就„„”完成下面的对话,注意它的两种不同的意思:
(一)前后动词一样,或用“是”代替后一个动词:
1、A:你昨天和你的朋友聊了多长时间?
B:我们已经十年没见面了,所以。
2、A:她在商场买了多少衣服?
B:她觉得那儿的衣服既漂亮又便宜。
(二)前后动词不一样:
1、A:你听完报告以后去哪儿了?
B:。
2、A:你什么时候给我回信的?
B:。
这有几个练习,同桌之间可以互相讨论,一会儿找代表把句子补充完整。(生讨论)恩,看来大家对这个语法点掌握的非常好!(如有错误,适当纠错。)前两段我们就先学习这么多,回去之后,看看到底发生了什么事让作者改变了对“沉默是金”的看法。好,同学们,明天见!
课文:
让沉默不再是金(节选)
大学毕业时,教授对我们这些即将走上工作岗位的学生说:“进入社会,切记沉默是金啊!”教授的意思是,如今社会人际关系复杂,随时都可能遇到麻烦。教授的话是我不由得想起了父亲。我父亲性格耿直,快人快语,还爱打抱不平,因为得罪领导而遭到报复,一生都很不顺。母亲说,你爸爸吃亏就因为他那张嘴。
三个月后,我来到一家高新技术研究院工作。一走上工作岗位,我就把“沉默是金”作为信条。每天早晨总是第一个到办公室——打水、擦桌子、取报纸,这些活干完后,我才静静地坐到自己的办公桌前等待领导和同事们的到来。
第2篇:初级汉语精读课教案
编写教案
选择下列课本中任何一课,完成2000字以上的教案。
使用教材博雅汉语—初级起步篇Ⅰ
北京大学博雅汉语—初级起步篇Ⅱ
北京大学
汉语教程(一年级一、二、三册上)(修订本)北京语言大学
汉语会话301句(第三版)
北京语言大学
写明:教材名称、课数、课文名称
初级汉语精读课教案 《今天冷还是昨天冷?》
一、教学对象
本教案的教学对象大约学习了140小时的汉语,掌握的汉语词汇在400个左右。
二、教学内容
“汉语精读课”是对外汉语教学语言技能课中的主干课,也叫核心课、综合课。“汉语精读课”以讲解教授汉语语言知识为主要教学任务。本课共用三课时。
1.教学重点:比较句“A比B+形容词”以及三种变式;比较句“A比B+形容词” 的疑问式、否定式。2.副词“刚”的用法。3.温度的读法。4.陈述感冒的感觉:头疼,嗓子疼,浑身没劲儿,很不舒服,觉得很渴,不想吃饭,很想喝水,还不断地打喷嚏,流鼻涕。
5.北京的天气特点:空气很干燥,春天常常刮大风,夏天经常下大雨,温差很大,早晨和夜晚比中午凉。有时候早、晚的温度比中午的低10~C,早上比中午凉多了。
三、教学目标
1.掌握比较句“A比B+形容词”的句法特点,能根据具体条件用这一句型表达比较。2.能根据自己的感冒体会,陈述感冒的感觉。
3.了解北京的天气特点,并能用所学词语介绍自己国家的天气特点。
四、教学方法
结合课文内容讲解语法点。抓住课文中的语法点,并精选学习对象容易理解的例句,讲解语法点。每一个语言点讲解结束后,立即进行语言点练习。
布置课后作业,让学生有充分的预习和准备时间。与其他同类教案相比,本教案的特点在于精选与留学生生活密切相关的例句,是他们熟悉的场景、真实的环境。另外,同一语法项目根据讲解的不同层次设计不同层次的练习。
五、教学过程
第一课时
学习词语表、熟悉课文内容、了解北京天气特点、陈述感冒的感觉。1.通过提问导入新课:
今天冷吗?
大家习惯了北京的天气吗?
北京的天气特点是什么?
你在北京感冒过吗? 边提问边板书本课关键词语:
天气
干燥
刮风
下雨
疼 嗓子 舒服 感冒
早晨
夜晚
2.学生轮流试读本课词语表中的新词语。
3.教师带读本课词语表中的新词语。
4.辨析容易读错的字音。如:刮风
下雨 舒服 流 好好儿
5.辨析容易写错的汉字。如:喝
渴
感冒
请假
油腻
6.教师范读两遍课文,学生边看课文边听教师朗读,聆听后回答问题(参见本课“练习”第一题“根据课文回答问题”)7.教师带读课文,介绍朗读中语音停顿的基础知识。8.学生轮流朗读课文。
9.由课文中的“北京的天气”引出“词语替换练习”。(参见本课“练习”第二题“词语替换练习”)
10.由课文中的“我让同屋替我请假”引出“句型替换练习”(参见本课“练习”第三题“句型替换练习”)
11.口语练习:用本课学过的词语说说自己感冒的感觉。12.作业:(1)抄写本课词语;(2)朗读课文;(3)“练习”中的第十、十
一、十二题。
第二课时
比较句基本句型:A比B+形容词
比较句的变式:A比B+形容词+一点儿/多了/数量补语 比较句“A比B+形容词”的否定式:A没有B+形容词
比较句“A比B+形容词”的疑问式:A+形容词+还是B+形容词? 副词“刚”的用法
1.通过提问“北京的天气特点是什么?”引出课文中的比较句基本句型:
早晨比中午凉。(板书)再通过介绍情况,举出两个例句:
爸爸比妈妈高。(板书)
“西红柿炒鸡蛋”比“麻婆豆腐”贵。(板书)2.通过分析例句,归纳句型并板书: A比B+形容词 3.教师给出条件,让学生用“A比B+形容词”造句。如:
爸爸52岁,妈妈50岁。
苹果2元一斤,梨1元一斤。
第14课有25个生词,第15课有28个生词。4.通过分析天气情况,引出比较句的三种变式。
如果“早晨15℃,中午25℃”,怎么比较呢?引出变式:
早晨比中午凉多了。/早晨比中午低10℃。
如果“早晨15℃,中午20℃”,怎么比较呢?引出变式:
早晨比中午凉一些。/早晨比中午低5℃。
如果“早晨15℃,中午17℃”,怎么比较呢?引出变式:
早晨比中午凉(一)点儿。/早晨比中午低2℃。
5.通过分析例句,归纳比较句变式句型: A比B+形容词+一点儿/多了/数量补语(板书)6.通过调换比较项A、B的句法位置提问。如果把“中午”放在前面,怎么说呢? 中午没有早晨凉。(板书)比较句“A比B+形容词”的否定式:
A没有B+形容词(板书)7.总结比较句的四种句式以及否定式(板书):
A比B+形容词
A比B+形容词+一点儿/多了/数量补语 A没有B+形容词
8.用比较句句型做句法练习。
(参见“练习”第五题“根据条件,写出比较句”)9.通过做下面的“完成对话练习”,引出比较句的疑问式:(1)A:
?(今天冷还是昨天冷?)(板书)
B:今天比昨天冷。
(2)A:
?(你高还是你弟弟高?)(板书)
B:弟弟比我高。
10.归纳比较句的疑问式句型:
A+形容词+还是B+形容词?(板书)11.通过提问“李老师告诉我什么?”引出带“刚”的课文范句:
许多外国学生刚来北京都不习惯北京的天气。再举出两个例句:
我们班刚上了听力课。
他朋友昨天刚回国。
12.提问:“刚”后面的词是什么词?
动词前面加了“刚”,表示动作已经完成了还是没有完成? 13.归纳副词“刚”的句法意义:
用在动词前面,充当状语,表示动作在不久前已经发生。14.练习“刚”的用法。
(参见本课“练习”第七题“用‘刚’完成对话”)15.作业:(1)复习课文;
(2)准备下次课介绍自己国家的天气;
(3)准备听写本课词语和句子。
第三课时
复习本课语法知识,做“阅读练习”,用本课学过的词语介绍自己国家的天气。
1.模拟天气预报,列出各地今天最高温度表,要求任选一种本课学过的比较句句型造句。
今天各地最高温度
北京0℃
天津2℃ 上海10℃
香港20℃ 哈尔滨一5℃
2.根据条件,用“刚”造句。(以下是教师口述的造句条件)
他朋友上个星期结婚了。
他昨天晚上到北京。
他6:30起床,现在6:40。
他上个月大学毕业。
我们第二节课是会话课,现在是第三节课。3.做“阅读练习”。
(参见“练习”第九题“阅读短文后判断正误”)
4.检查上次课布置的作业,介绍自己国家的天气。(抽查4—5人,注意介绍的顺序和特点,避免面面俱到)5.检查课文朗读情况。(抽查5—6人)
6.听写。7.作业:
(1)预习下一篇课文的生词和课文;
(2)作文《东京的天气》(“东京”可以替换为自己熟悉的国家或城市),要求写200字左右。
六、教学反思
1.本课教学重点是比较句,因此,本课关于比较句的句法练习,不是常见的“句型替换”“完成句子”,而是给出实际生活事例,让学生选择比较句句型造句。这样既避免了生硬照搬,又可以让学生独立思考,而且操作性也很强。这是本课练习设计不落窠臼之处。
教学过程中可适当加大第五题(根据条件,写出比较句)、第七题(用“刚”完成对话)、第八题(用比较句完成对话)的练习量。
2.外国学生学习汉语比较句,容易产生的句法错误主要有两种: 一是将表示比较的程度词语放在形容词前面,造出下面的病句:
今天比昨天很冷。弟弟比我一点儿高。北京比东京比较冷。
一是用“比较”代替“比”,造出下面的病句:
今天比较昨天冷。弟弟比较我高。北京比较东京冷。
因此,在讲解汉语比较句时要告诉学生,表示比较差异程度的词语应该放在比较句型的形容词后面。
3.外国学生学习副词“刚”时,容易产生的句法错误主要是将副词“刚”放在主语;前面,造出下面的病句:
刚我们上了听力课。刚他朋友回国。
4.介绍自己国家或家乡的天气时,容易面面俱到或层次不清晰。在指导学生的口语练习或作文时要告诉学生避免面面俱到,要写出自己国家或家乡的天气特点。为了文章层次清晰,应划作文层次。如:先按季节介绍自然天气概况、天气特点,然后介绍与天气有关的人文景观、内心感受或文化活动。课文
今天冷还是昨天冷
基本句型
今天比昨天冷。
句型提示
A:今天冷还是昨天冷?
B:今天比昨天冷。
A:你哪儿不舒服? B:我头疼、嗓子疼、想睡觉。
语法点 1.A比B+形容词
2.A没有B+形容词 3.A比B+形容词+一点儿/多了/数量补语
4.刚
课文
现在我在北京留学。我还不习惯北京的天气。北京空气很干燥,春天常常刮大风,夏天经常下大雨,温差很大,早晨和夜晚比中午凉。有时候早、晚的温度比中午的低10℃,早上比中午凉多了。早上我去上课的时候常常忘了多穿衣服。昨天晚上我头疼、嗓子疼、浑身没劲儿,很不舒服,觉得很渴,不想吃饭,很想喝水,还不断地打喷嚏,流鼻涕。我觉得我感冒了。今天早上我让同屋替我请假。
下课以后李老师来宿舍看我。她告诉我,北京温差比较大,早上没有中午暖和。许多外国学生刚来北京都不习惯北京的天气,容易感冒。她让我多喝水,好好儿休息。同屋还告诉我,她刚来北京的时候,常常拉肚子,因为中国菜比较油腻。现在她已经习惯了。
我吃了感冒药,现在觉得比昨天好点儿了。
第3篇:初级汉语精读课教案11111
初级汉语精读课教案
——《今天冷还是昨天冷?》
一、教学对象
本教案的教学对象大约学习了140小时的汉语,掌握的汉语词汇在400个左右。
二、教学内容:
“汉语精读课”是对外汉语教学语言技能课中的主干课,也叫核心课、综合课。“汉语精读课”以讲解教授汉语语言知识为主要教学任务。本课共用三课时。
1.教学重点:比较句“A比B+形容词”以及三种变式;比较句“A比B+形容词”的疑问式、否定式。2.副词“刚”的用法。3.温度的读法。
4.陈述感冒的感觉:头疼,嗓子疼,浑身没劲儿,很不舒服,觉得很渴,不想吃饭,很想喝水,还不断地打喷嚏,流鼻涕。
5.北京的天气特点:空气很干燥,春天常常刮大风,夏天经常下大雨,温差很大,早晨和夜晚比中午凉。有时候早、晚的温度比中午的低l00 O,早上比中午凉多了。
三、教学目标
.1.掌握比较句“A比B+形容词”的句法特点,能根据具体条件用这一句型表达比较。
2.能根据自己的感冒体会,陈述感冒的感觉。
3.了解北京的天气特点,并能用所学词语介绍自己国家的天气特点。
四、教学方法:
结合课文内容讲解语法点。抓住课文中的语法点范句,并精选学习对象容易理解的例’ 句,讲解语法点。每一个语言点讲解结束后,立即进行语言点练习。
布置课后作业,让学生有充分的预习和准备时问。
与其他同类教案相比,本教案的特点在于精选与留学生生活密切相关的例句,是他们熟
悉的场景、真实的环境。另外,同一语法项目根据讲解的不同层次设计不同层次的练习。
第一课时
学习词语表、熟悉课文内容、了解北京天气特点、陈述感冒的感觉。1.通过提问导入新课:
今天冷吗? 大家习惯了北京的天气吗? 北京的天气特点是什么? 你在北京感冒过吗? 边提问边板书本课关键词语:
天气 干燥 刮风 下雨 疼 嗓子 舒服 感冒 早晨夜晚 2.学生轮流试读本课词语表中的新词语。3.教师带读本课词语表中的新词语。4.辨析容易读错的字音。如:
刮风 下雨 舒服流好好儿 5.辨析容易写错的汉字。如:。喝 渴 感冒 请假 油腻
6.教师范读两遍课文,学生边看课文边听教师朗读,聆听后回答问题。(参见本课“练习”第一题“根据课文回答问题”)7.教师带读课文,介绍朗读中语音停顿的基础知识。8.学生轮流朗读课文。
9.由课文中的“北京的天气”引出“词语替换练习”。(参见本课“练习”第二题“词语替换练习”)10.由课文中的“我让同屋替我请假”引出“句型替换练习”。(参见本课“练习”第三题“句型替换练习”)11.口语练习:用本课学过的词语说说自己感冒的感觉。12.作业:(1)抄写本课词语;(2)朗读课文;
(3)“练习”中的第十、十
一、十二题。
第二课时
比较旬基本句型:A比B+形容词
比较句的变式:A比B+形容词+一点儿/多了/数量补语
比较句“A比B+形容词”的否定式:A没有B+形容词
比较句“A比B+形容词”的疑问式:A+形容词+还是B+形容词? 副词“刚”的用法
1.通过提问“北京的天气特点是什么?”引出课文中的比较句基本句型:
早晨比中午凉。(板书)再通过介绍情况,举出两个例句:
爸爸比妈妈高。(板书)“西红柿炒鸡蛋”比“麻婆豆腐”贵。(板书)2.通过分析例句,归纳句型并板书: A比B+形容词
3.教师给出条件,让学生用“A比B+形容词”造句。如:
爸爸52岁,妈妈50岁。
苹果2元一斤,梨1元一斤。
第14课有25个生词,第15课有28个生词。4.通过分析天气情况,引出比较句的三种变式。
如果“早晨1+5。C,中午25。C”,怎么比较呢?引出变式:
早晨比中午凉多了。/-y-晨比中午低l0。C。
如果“早晨15℃,中午20。C”,怎么比较呢?引出变式:
早晨比中午凉一些。/早晨比中午低5℃。
如果“早晨15℃,中午17。C”,怎么比较呢?引出变式:
早晨比中午凉(一)点儿。/早晨比中午低2 0c。5.通过分析例句,归纳比较句变式句型: A比B+形容词+一点儿/多了/数量补语(板书)6.通过调换比较项A、B的句法位置提问。
如果把“中午”放在前面,怎么说呢? 中午没有早晨凉。(板书)比较句“A比B+形容词”的否定式: A没有B+形容词(板书)7.总结比较句的四种句式以及否定式(板书): A比B+形容词
A比B+形容词+ 一点儿/多了/数量补语 A没有B+形容词
8.用比较句句型做句法练习。
(参见“练习”第五题“根据条件,写出比较句”)9.通过做下面的“完成对话练习”,引出比较句的疑问式:
(1)A: ?(今天冷还是昨天冷?)(板书)B: 今天比昨天冷。
(2)A: ?(你高还是你弟弟高?)(板书)B:弟弟比我高。
10.归纳比较句的疑问式句型: A+形容词+还是B+形容词?(板书)11.通过提问“李老师告诉我什么?”引出带“刚”的课文范句:
许多外国学生刚来北京都不习惯北京的天气。
再举出两个例句:
我们班刚上了听力课。
他朋友昨天刚回国。
12.提问:“刚”后面的词是什么词? 动词前面加了“刚”,表示动作已经完成了还是没有完成? 13.归纳副词“刚”的句法意义:
用在动词前面,充当状语,表示动作在不久前已经发生。14.练习“刚”的用法。
(参见本课“练习”第七题“用‘刚’完成对话”)15.作业:(1)复习课文;
(2)准备下次课介绍自己国家的天气;(3)准备听写本课词语和句子。
第三课时
复习本课语法知识,做“阅读练习”,用本课学过的词语介绍自己国家的天气。1.模拟天气预报,列出各地今天最高温度表,要求任选一种本课学过的比较句句型造句。
今天各地最高温度
北京0 0C 天津2℃ 上海10℃ 香港20℃ 哈尔滨一5 0C 2.根据条件,用“刚”造句。(以下是教师口述的造句条件)他朋友上个星期结婚了。
他昨天晚上到北京。
他6:30起床,现在6:40。
他上个月大学毕业。
我们第二节课是会话课,现在是第三节课。3.做“阅读练习”。
(参见“练习”第九题“阅读短文后判断正误”)
4.检查上次课布置的作业,介绍自己国家的天气。(抽查4~5人,注意介绍的顺序和特点,避免面面俱到)5.检查课文朗读情况。
(抽查5~6人)。6.听写。7.作业:
(1)预习下一篇课文的生词和课文;
(2)作文《东京的天气》(“东京”可以替换为自己熟悉的国家或城市),要求写200字左右。
六、教学反思
1.本课教学重点是比较句,因此,本课关于比较句的句法练习,不是常见的“句型
替换”“完成句子”,而是给出实际生活事例,让学生选择比较句句型造句。这样既避免了 生硬照搬,又可以让学生独立思考,而且操作性也很强。这是本课练习设计不落窠臼
之处。
教学过程中可适当加大第五题(根据条件,写出比较句)、第七题(用“刚”完成对
话)、第八题(用比较句完成对话)的练习量。
2.外国学生学习汉语比较句,容易产生的句法错误主要有两种,一是将表示比较的程度词语放在形容词前面,造出下面的病句: *今天比昨天很冷。*弟弟比我一点儿高。*北京比东京比较冷。
一是用“比较”代替“比”,造出下面的病句: *今天比较昨天冷。*弟弟比较我高。*北京比较东京冷。
因此,在讲解汉语比较句时要告诉学生,表示比较差异程度的词语应该放在比较句型的形容词后面。
3.外国学生学习副词“刚”时,容易产生的句法错误主要是将副词“刚”放在主语,前面,造出下面的病句:
*刚我们上了听力课。*刚他朋友回国。
4.介绍自己国家或家乡的天气时,容易面面俱到或层次不清晰。在指导学生的口语练习或作文时要告诉学生避免面面俱到,要写出自己国家或家乡的天气特点。为了文章层
次清晰,应划作文层次。如:先按季节介绍自然天气概况、天气特点,然后介绍与天气有关的人文景观、内心感受或文化活动。
附:课文及练习
今天冷还是昨天冷?
基本句型今天比昨天冷。句型提示 A:今天冷还是昨天冷? B:今天比昨天冷。
A:你哪儿不舒服? B:我头疼、嗓子疼,想睡觉。语法点 1.A比B+形容词 2.A没有B+形容词
3.A比B+形容词+一点儿/多了/数量补语 4·刚
课文(text)
现在我在北京留学。我还不习惯北京的天气。北京空气很干燥,春天常常刮大风,夏天经常下大雨,温差很大,早晨和夜晚比中午凉。有时候早、晚的温度比中午的低l0。C’ 早上比中午凉多了。早上我去上课的时候常常忘了多穿衣服。昨天晚上我头疼、嗓子疼、浑身没劲儿,很不舒服,觉得很渴,不想吃饭,很想喝水,还不断地打喷嚏,流鼻涕。我 觉得我感冒了。今天早上我让同屋替我请假。
下课以后李老师来宿舍看我。她告诉我,北京温差比较大,早上没有中午暖和。许多外国学生刚来北京都不习惯北京的天气,容易感冒。她让我多喝水,好好儿休息。同屋还告诉我,她刚来北京的时候,常常拉肚子,因为中国菜比较油腻。现在她已经习惯了。
我吃了感冒药,现在觉得比昨天好点儿了。,练习(Exercises)
一、根据课文回答l司题
(Answer the questions according to the text·)1.我今天为什么没去上课? 6.我病了·老师对我怎么样? 2.北京的气温有什么特点? 7.我现在怎么样? 3.“我还不习惯北京的天气”,是什 8.李老师告诉我许多留学生刚来北京么意思? 干什么? 容易
4.我怎么不舒服? 9.同屋告诉我什么? 5.我得了什么病?
二、词语替换练习
(R eplace the underlined words in the following phrases.)
1.~的天气2.~晚上
3.~学生4.昨天~
5.~药6.~多了
三、句型替换练习
(Replace the underlined words in the following sentences.)1.同屋替我请假。6.昨天我忘了写作业。2.她替我请假。7.妈妈让我多穿衣服
3.大夫让我好好儿休息。8.我还不习惯吃中国菜。
4.我刚来些室不习惯北京的天气。9.现在我不想吃饭,只想喝水。5.她刚来北京常常拉肚子。l0.北京夏天常常下雨。
四、写出反义词
(Write antonyms for the following words.)例:大——小
1.多——4.早——7.慢——2.难——5.上——8.热——3.贵——6.来——9.低——
五、根据条件,写出比较句(只选做一种句型)(Write out sentences of comparison on the given condition.)例:哥哥身高l78厘米(cm)弟弟身高l82厘米(cm)句子:(1)弟弟比哥哥高。(3)哥哥比弟弟矮。
(2)弟弟比哥哥高一点儿。
(4)弟弟比哥哥高4厘米(cm)。1.早上温度5℃、中午温度l5℃
2.昨天的最高温度l8。C、今天的最高温度24。C 3.爸爸身高178厘米(cm)、妈妈身高165厘米(cm)4.北京到上海l500公里(km)、北京到广州3000公里(km)5.麻婆豆腐一盘6元、京酱肉丝一盘l5元 6.我家三口人、他家六口人 7.爸爸52岁、妈妈50岁
8.第9课有21个生词、第10课有24个生词
9.他的房间的房租一天5美元、我的房间的房租一天l0美元
10.同屋的计算机6000人民币、我的计算机8000人民币11.他早上7:00起床、我早上6:30起床
12.他晚上ll:o0睡觉、我晚上l2:00睡觉 13.100A班有l3个学生、l00C班有l5个学生 14.苹果2元一斤、梨10元3斤
15.他认识l000个汉字,我认识500个汉字 16.他有两个中国朋友,我有四个中国朋友 17.南希会说四种外语,山下会说一种外语 18.一班有l个美国学生,二班有3个美国学生 19.我们班有4个男同学,他们班有6个男同学
20.我们班有12个女同学,他们班有9个女同学
六、用“动词+宾语”完成句子
(complete the following sentences with“动词+宾语”.)
例:他昨天去看朋友了。
1.下课后,朋友来我的房间
2.李老师来宿舍 3.下个月爸爸、妈妈要来北京
4.晚上我常常去网吧
5.下课后我去商店 6.今天星期五,我和同屋晚上想去饭馆
7.上午上了四节课,现在我想回宿舍
8.他妈妈病了,下星期他要回国
七、用“刚”完成对话
(complete the following dialogues with“刚”.)
1.A:你们什么时候下课的?
第4篇:对外汉语精读课示范教案
一、教学对象
具有初级汉语水平的外国留学生。该年级学生已经学习过一个半学期汉语。
二、教学内容
本课型教学内容以语法点学习为主。本课共用两课时。
1、掌握词语
2、掌握语法
3、了解并学会汉语的打电话用语。
三、教学目标
1、掌握课文中的重点词语及语法,并能准确、熟练地应用。
2、掌握汉语的打电话用语,并能顺利地进行基本的交际。
四、教学方法
(一)教学方法
结合课文内容讲解语法点。抓住课文中的语法点范句,并精选学习对象容易理解的例句,讲解语法点。语法点的讲解按照精讲多练、讲练结合、师生互动的原则来进行。每一个语言点讲解结束后,立即进行语言点练习。讲是为了让学生准确理解教学内容;练是为了检查学生对输入内容的理解程度,教师可以通过学生的反馈知晓学生是否理解,然后再决定是否继续或如何继续练习,明确下一步的学习目标。
布置课后作业,让学生有充分的预习和准备时间。
(二)教学工具
教师可以将教学内容制作成PowerPoint或多媒体课件,形象直观,有助于学生理解。特别是语法点的练习,可以提供可视化场景,有助于学生中文思维方式的培养。
五、教学过程
(一)导入
通过提问导入新课:
你们经常打电话吗?
你们打电话是用汉语还是母语?
学了今天的这篇课文以后,希望大家都会用汉语打电话。
(二)生词
(1)学生轮流试读本课的生词,教师可以适当纠正发音。
(2)教师带读生词,然后讲解生词。讲解的同时进行板书展示,尤其是重点词语。板书展示要注意汉字的笔画顺序及版面的安排,比如本课的反义词需要成对展示。
(三)课文
(1)让学生分角色朗读课文,教师适当地纠正发音。
(2)教师范读课文,让学生注意语气、语调。
(3)讲解一般语法点。
1、你给我打电话了吧?语气助词“吧”在这里表示疑问的语气。 例:田芳回家了吧?
你去商店了吧?
她走了吧?
你买字典了吧?
2、你不是要上托福班吗?
“不是„„吗?”是个反问句。强调肯定,不要求回答。
例:
你不是要去图书馆吗?我们一起去吧。
你不是要去上课吗?快走吧,别迟到了。
你不是想看电影吗?我们等会儿一起去吧。
3、是不是
在用“是不是”的正反问句里,“是不是”可以用在谓语前,也可以用在句首或句尾。
例:⒈
A:你是不是想家了?
B:是。我常常想家。
⒉
A:你们输了,是不是?
B:是。
⒊
A:你是不是要咖啡?
B:不是,我要果汁。
⒋
A:是不是张东来电话了?
B:是,他想和你一起去书店。
5.A:她是不是韩国人?
B:不是,她是日本人。
(4)讲解重点语法点。
1、语气助词“了” ⑴
语气助词“了”用在句尾,表示肯定的语气。有成句的作用。说明事情的发生、动作的完成、情况的出现和状态的变化等。例如:
a、张东去北京了。
c、田芳的手机关了。
b、她已经走了。
d、她今年20岁了。
试比较下面两组句子。
事情发生前
事情发生后
A:你去哪儿?
→
A:你去哪儿了?
B:我去商店。
→
B:我去商店了。
A:你买什么?
→
A:你买什么了?
B:我买衣服。
→
B:我买衣服了。
正反疑问句形式是:„„了+没有?
例:⑴
A:你去医院了没有?
B:去了。(我去医院了。)
⑵
A:你买今天的晚报了没有?
B:没买。(我没买今天的晚报。)
⑶
A:你写作业了没有?
B:还没呢。(我还没写作业呢。)
“还没(有)„„呢”表示事件现在还没有开始或完成,含有即将开始或完成的意思。
例:
A:他走了没有?
B:他还没有走呢。
注意: ⑴ 动词前用“没有”表示否定意义时,句末不用“了”。例如:
我昨天没去商店。
我昨天没去商店了。(×)
她觉得不舒服,今天没有上课。
她觉得不舒服,今天没有上课了。(×)
⑵表达经常性的动作时,句尾不能用“了”。
例如: ①
每天早上她都去打太极拳。
每天早上她都去打太极拳了。(×)
②
她常来我家玩儿。
她常来我家玩儿了。(×)
替换练习:
⑴ A:你昨天看球赛了吗?
B: 没有。
A: 你去哪儿了?
B:我去_了。
图书馆
买毛衣
看朋友
老师那儿
⑵ A:你报名了没有?
B:已经报了。(我还没报呢。)
买 青年报
看 电影
复习语法
2、“再”和“又”
副词“再”和“又”都放在动词前边作状语表示动作或情况的重复。不同的是:“再”用于表示尚未重复的动作或情况;“又”一般用来表示已经重复的动作或情况。另外,“又”还可以表示转折,相当于“却”。例如:
⑴今天我去看她了,我想明天再去。
⑵他上午来了,下午没有再来。
⑶他昨天来看我了,今天又来了。
⑷他昨天没来上课,今天又没来。
练习题: 用“再”和“又”填空
⑴ 我昨天已经去了,今天不想_去了。
⑵ 我_买了一张DVD.⑶ 我_用用你的车好吗?
⑷ 生词我已经预习了,还要_复习复习课文。
(四)布置作业
1、熟读课文
2、完成课后练习题。
3、学习课文中的新词语,准备听写。 附:课文和生词
第二十六课
田芳去哪儿了?
(一)田芳去哪儿了?
(张东打电话找田芳)张东:
喂!是田芳吗?
田芳妈: 田芳不在。是张东吧。
张东:
阿姨,您好!田芳去哪儿了?
田芳妈: 她四点多就去同学家了。她的一个中学同学要出国,她去看看她。张东:
她什么时候能回来?
田芳妈: 她没说,你打她的手机吧。张东:
我打了。可是她关机了。田芳妈: 是吗,你过一会儿再打吧。(张东又来电话了)
张东:
阿姨,田芳回来了没有?
田芳妈: 还没有呢。
(二)他又来电话了
田芳:
妈,我回来了。
妈妈:
张东给你打电话了没有? 田芳:
没有啊。
妈妈:
他来电话找你,说打你的手机,你关机了。田芳:
啊!对了,我忘了开机了。妈妈:
快!电话又响了,你去接吧。(田芳接电话)
田芳:
下午你给我打电话了吧? 张东:
打了,你怎么关机了?
田芳:
对不起。我忘开机了。下午你做什么了?
张东:
我去踢足球了。今天我们跟留学生代表队比赛了。田芳:
你们队又输了吧? 张东:
没有。这次我们赢了。田芳:
几比几? 张东:
二比一。
田芳:
祝贺你们!哎,你有什么事吗?
张东:
我想问问你,你不是要上托福班吗?报名了没有? 田芳:
已经报了。你是不是也想考托福?
张东:
是。我想明天去报名,你陪我一起去,好吗? 田芳:
好的。
生词
1、喂
(叹)
wei
hello
2、阿姨
(名)
a yi
aunt
3、中学
(名)
zhong xue
middle school
4、出国
chu guo
to go abroad
出
(动)
chu
to proceed from inside to outside
5、打(电话)
da(dian hua)
to make(a phone a call)
6、关机
guan ji
to turn off one’s mobile phone
关
(动)
guan
to turn off;to switch off
7、对了
dui le
oh yes
8、忘
(动)
wang
to forget
9、开机
kai ji
to ture on one’s mobile phone
开
(动)
kai
to ture on;to open;to drive
10、又
(副)
you
again
11、响
(动)
xiang
to make a sound
12、接
(动)
jie
to get;to receive
13、踢
(动)
ti
to kick;to play(football)
14、比赛
(动、名)bi sai
to match;to contest;game
15、队
(名)
dui
team
16、输
(动)
shu
to lose(a game)
17、赢
(动)
ying
to win
18、比
(动)
bi
(of a score)to
19、祝贺
(动)
zhu he
to congratulate 20、哎
(叹)
ai
(interjection)
22、托福
(名)
tuo fu
TOEFL
23、已经
(副)
yi jing
already
24、考
(动)
kao
to take a test
25、陪
(动)
pei
to accompany
第5篇:对外汉语汉语国际教育燕子买房记精读课教案
《燕子买房记》教案
一、教学目标
1、掌握课文所讲述的有关房屋的内容、情景;
2、扩大学生关于房屋的词汇、重点句式量;
3、通过师生问答、分组讨论,提高学生口语水平和交际能力;
4、通过课文情景了解中国与房子有关的文化、心理以及社会现实。
二、教学难点重点
1、关于房子的重点字词的发音、书写、使用环境;
2、重点句式、特殊句式的了解度、敏感度和使用主动性;
3、文章细节提取能力、文章脉络的梳理、主人公心理演变脉络。
4、使学生尽量形成关于重点字句的语法体系,并逐渐完善。
三、课型
精读课
四、课时
12课时
五、教具
电脑、百度、投影仪、PPT
六、教学内容及过程
第一、二课时
(一)准备阶段
教师走进课堂,打开电脑、投影仪,和同学交流沟通,话题选取于天气、早餐、服装、发型、日常生活及现象,观察学生态度、情感、精神风貌,关注学生生活,走进学生世界。
(二)导入新课
将话题逐步引向房子,讲述北京房屋概况、背景知识、住房难问题、房价问题,对比西方国家房子问题,采用问答形式,引导学生积极发言。
(三)检查预习情况
询问学生课下预习情况,预习内容及时间,没预习的原因等。
(四)带读生词,解释词义
降价:verb 变便宜 vs 涨zhang3价 不安:adj=担心(比担心的程度小)幢:房子的量词
Eg:一幢房子、一幢大楼
虽说:conj 口语词 =虽然、尽管
一阵:一段时间(一个过程,从开始到结束)Eg:下了一阵雨、他发了一阵脾气、刮了一阵大风
亲口:adv 说话人直接(告诉)
亲口、亲手、亲自、亲身、亲眼、亲耳——自己 赠送:verb 正式、书面语
=送(礼物)
装修:verb 让你的房子按照自己的心愿变得更漂亮的工作。
特价:n、一些商品在一段时间里卖的便宜的价格
打折、促销、特价 促销:verb 为了卖东西而给顾客好处(便宜、赠送礼物)口号:n 一些人提出来的一句话(希望大家同意)就是:conj 口语词 =即使
债:n、当从别人(个人、银行)借来钱以后,应该还的部分。
1 心思:n、口语词(对某一件事的)心里的想法 一带:n、地点+一带(在„„的附近)Eg:国贸一带有很多外国公司 人文:n、社会和文化、文明
爹:n(农村)=爸爸(口语词)=父亲(正式用语)娘——妈妈——母亲 要么:conj(口语词)或者
要么„„要么„„= 或者„„或者„„
Eg:你要么辞职,要么坚持干下去,反正没有中间的路可以选。最终:n、一件事件的最后的时间段(有结果的部分)
终于:adv 一件事情经过比较长的、麻烦(比较不容易)的过程而完成了、改变了 户型:n、一套房子的分布(三室一厅两卫)朝向:n、(房子)面对着哪个方向
配套:verb 跟„„有关的、为了„„服务的一整套(设施)设施:n、有一整套复杂功能的事物(游泳馆、检票机)
基础设施:n、社会当中最基本、最重要的公共事物(自来水厂、公路、电线、管道、下水道)吃亏:verb 口语词 自己的利益受到了损失、伤害 卧室:n、睡觉的房间
签订:verb 在文件上写名字表示同意
Eg:签订合同VS违约wei3yue1 购:verb(书面语)买 再说:
1、(口语词)verb 下一次讨论、商量(委婉拒绝)
2、conj 再说+句子——表示补充说明一个理由 贷款:n、(从银行)借钱(还利息)
首付:n、买(房子)时候付的第一笔钱 分期付款:n、买东西时分几次付钱。
公积金:n、一种制度(从你的薪水里拿出一部分,国家再给你一样的多少,放在一个专用的账户里,用于买房子)。
万一:conj 如果(机率很低的情况)出现
Eg:你还是打车去吧,万一迟到的话,老板一定骂你。好歹:adv 口语词 不管怎么样一定都„„ =毕竟 好歹+说话人认为重要的信息
Eg: 虽说房子比较贵,而且是二手的,可好歹它在地铁站附近,买了它你上班就可以省很多时间啊。应付:verb(被动地)处理
Eg:听说经理下午要来检查会议准备的情况,你去应付一下。潮湿:adj 空气中水份比较多(指的是环境)VS干燥zao4 塞:verb 往„(已经比较满的箱子、口袋、嘴„„)„里面放
把„„塞进去
Eg:妈妈,我的箱子已经满了,您别把这些衣服都塞进去。房奴:因为买房贷款太多而长期没有钱改善生活的人。月光族:每个月把钱都花完的人。
啃老族ken3lao3zu2:NEET 不上学、不工作、不接受职业教育,在家向父母伸手要钱生活的人。
让学生读生词,及时纠正读音(教师走下讲台,来到学生身边,拉近与学生的距离)。
(五)课文背景介绍
1、更深入地介绍北京房子问题;
2、关于房子的词汇
(1)卧室、客厅、厨房、卫生间、走廊、阳台
(2)户型、朝向、层高、面积、楼顶、隔音、材料、水泥
2(3)首付、贷款、月供、利息、抵押
(4)涨价、降价、特价、促销、打折、稳定(5)房奴、月光族 注:课堂使用教法枚举
(1)词汇扩展:师生讨论——学生列词——教师补充
(2)语法讲解:问答法、讨论法、情景设置法、实物演练法、任务驱动法(3)课文流程:教师提问——师生交流——共同梳理(4)课文复述:问答、讨论(5)课文巩固:写作
(六)作业
通读课文,读写生字,找出自己不懂的字词句子知识点。
第三、四课时
(一)准备阶段
(二)检查预习情况
询问学生课文预习情况,预习内容、时间,让学生说一下对课文的理解,其中不懂的地方。
(三)进入课文
1、让学生读课文;
每人一小部分,教师走下讲台,在学生旁边认真听读,纠正发音错误。
2、提问学生课文细节
就课文中的细节进行提问,检查学生对课文的理解度,有针对性地让学生使用特殊字词、重点句式进行回答,教师从旁协助、引导,问题示例:
主人公燕子的情况 买房的原因
郊区、市区房子不合适的原因 2008年的结果
燕子和其丈夫的理由 二人讨论的结果 先看的房子是哪一间 最终选的是哪一间 售楼小姐的建议。。。
(四)梳理课文脉络
文章可分为四个部分:
燕子的情况:北漂、没有房子、结婚了、租房子、经常搬家 2008年:想要买房——不合适——劲没那么足了——作罢 2009年:广告吸引人——心乱了——下决心买——位置费心思——定于四环五环之间——夫妻意见不一致——吵架——听老公的(叫你听我的,你就听我的)
看房子:周末上午——满意——三层——签合同——价格、月供、月光族——担心没有应急的钱——售楼小姐建议——手头紧,买一层
(五)作业
熟练掌握文章脉络,争取达到能够复述的程度。
第五、六课时
(一)准备阶段
(二)检查复习情况
教师引领着再讲一遍课文脉络,通过提问的形式让学生发言。
(三)课文重难点讲解
1、记不清已经搬过多少次家
记不清„„过多少次:次数很多。
Eg 记不清说过多少次谎;记不清打过多少次电话。
2、网上都在议论房子该降价了,让她坐立不安的,老公说:“看你急的,我又没拦着你。”
坐立不安:verb(精神状态)一会儿站起来,一会儿坐下,没有一个平静的心情和状态,形容因为有重要的事情要考虑或者担心而表现出来的不平静。拦:verb 阻止、不让„„做。
Eg:拦住他,别让他跑。
3、老公忙得没工夫陪她。 工夫:时间和精力。
Eg:这道题做起来费工夫了。
陪:跟„„在一起,让„„不孤单。Eg 我女朋友会在周末时陪我。
4、三环以内的房子她根本不敢打主意 打主意:考虑。
打„„的主意:在做某件事情以前,有细致的考虑和计划,把„„当成目标——用于不太正当的行为。Eg:你别打我的主意;
你们要和我去也可以,但别打让我请吃饭的主意啊!
5、跑了一阵,燕子的劲儿也就没那么大了
跑:verb 为了一个目的到处去了解信息、找关系、走程序。Eg 我正在跑这件事; 我正在跑休学证明。劲儿:n(口语词)
1、身体上的力气
2、心理动力=心劲儿
Eg:谈到挣钱,他的心劲儿(劲儿)可足了。
6、富翁:fu4weng1 很有钱的人 负翁:(诙谐语)不仅自己没有钱,而且还需要给银行还钱的人。
7、这些吸引人的广告又让燕子的心乱了起来 心乱:
1、不能决定,矛盾、犹豫、情绪化
Eg:去还是不去?我的心乱了。
2、不能集中心智,不能集中精神
Eg:有位美丽的女孩坐到他旁边,他的心乱了。
8、就是成了房奴,也得一起还债。
就是„„也„„(口语句式)=即使„„也„„
9、到底:adv 说话人的语气(一定要知道真相和最后的结果)
设置情景:一个人跑到你跟前东拉西扯,没完没了,你听得乱了,也烦了,就问他:你到底要说什么?(想把有用的信息从废话底下一把抓出来。)
10、让燕子费尽了心思:把所有的心情和精力都花光了
11、就是有车,在这高油价的时代,像咱们这样的也跑不起啊。 咱们这样的:普通人 VS 高收入、高权势的上层人 跑不起:=开不起(没有足够的钱使车跑动)
„„不起:没有钱和能力干„„。
Eg:玩不起,吃不起,娶不起,买不起。扩展:北京油价:7.85 元/升
12:毕竟:adv 说话人的语气(尽管„„,但是说话人认为其中一个最重要)。毕竟+说话人认为最重要的特点
13、对于买什么方向、位置的房子,这俩人可说不到一块儿了。 对于„„,„„跟„„说不到一块(去):两个人想法不同,如果在一起讨论同一个话题,会无法得出一个统一的结论。(具体话题)„„跟„„聊不到一块(去)、玩不到一块(去):两个人性格不同,无法在一起开心地沟通、玩耍。(广泛)
14、上风上水——好风水 迷信
15、我可不是光顾自己呀,房子买到东边,你上班不是更近吗? 光:adv
1、完全没有 V+光
2、仅仅、只 顾:verb 考虑、关心
16、叫你听我的,你就听我的——大男子主义VS女权主义
17、说到„„的心上: 表示别人说的话跟你心里想的、期待的一样。Eg:你说去旅游啊,那可说到我的心上了,我正想出去玩儿呢!
18、催:让别人做事情快一点,让别人赶紧做自己想要的事情。
情景设置: 同学催你吃饭吃快一些;小明催爸爸去超市给他买玩具。
19、要么:
1、表示提建议。
Eg:要么,咱们去香山玩儿吧。
2、要么„„要么„„:表示选择=或者„„或者„„
Eg:要么去香山,要么去长城。20、详详细细
(双音形容词重叠形式)
比较: Adj 重叠形式:表示大量、程度高。详详细细、仔仔细细、清清楚楚„„
V 重叠形式:表示时间短、数量少、程度轻。散散步、看看书、跳跳舞、说说话„„
21、不买哪个都像吃了大亏似的:对所有的„„都很满意,都舍不得放弃。 吃亏:受损失。吃了大亏:受到比较大的损失。离合词 „„似的:如同„„一样。
22、拿主意:(口语)做决定。 Eg:你拿个主意吧。
23、样样:每一种、每一个、每一款。
24、好歹:
1、n (偏义复词)歹,坏事。
Eg:万一有个好歹。
2、adv 不管怎么样,至少。
Eg:虽然房子是二手的,但好歹我们有家啊。
25、手头紧:钱不够。
1、没有钱
2、资金被占压,流动资金少。
26、准信儿:(口语词)准确的信息。
信儿:最近有他的信儿吗?
27、„„是„„ ,„„还„„,可是,毕竟„„,更何况„„
前两句是认同对方意见,第四句是自己的观点,第五句是对自己观点的一个补充和强调 情景设置:周末出游、卖东西„„
写作的高级水平,就是把多个句子整合在一起,用一个地道的句群来表达自己的想法 中国人的思维,先认同接受,再说出自己的观点
转折的不同方式,形成体系。有直接转折: „„,然而我却„„,有委婉方式,如这一句型。
(四)作业
下节课听写生词,复习本节课知识点,会读会用。
第七、八课时
(一)准备阶段
(二)检查复习情况
1、听写生词
让学生合上课本、拿出一张纸,教师一边读出生词的发音,一边解释生词的意思、用法、使用情景,通过重复和情景再现加深学生对其印象。听写完之后,让学生翻开书本自行对照,把不会的字在书中标注出来,教师走下讲台,观察学生的默写情况。
2、共同复习上节课所学过的语法点。
(三)复述课文内容
1、按照燕子的情况、2008年、2009年、最终结果,将课文分为四个部分;
2、给学生分组,进行分组讨论;
3、老师走进学生的讨论中,观察学生的讨论情况,进行指导、归正、点拨;
4、让每组代表进行讲述,教师从旁协助,提示引导。
(四)作业
写会出错的生词,做完课后练习,下节课检查、核对。
第九、十课时
(一)准备阶段
(二)处理课后作业
给学生留出时间来进行准备,按学生座位的顺序进行回答,在回答过程中,教师应询问学生的思路和作答原因。
一、用指定的词语,格式完成句子
1、你们当志愿者,是不是不挣钱 (虽说)
(1)挣钱、赚钱:挣钱侧重于体力劳动,提手旁;赚钱侧重于经营,用钱生钱,贝字旁。(2)提问同学完成对话:带给我们很多乐趣,能够吧帮助别人,能够增加经验。
2、那儿你也敢去?不怕危险吗?(就是)问句的特点和作用:问句表肯定,用升调。就是有再大的危险,我也要去。就是„„再„„,„„也要„„
3、去看京剧好还是看电影大片好?(要么)
要么:
1、提建议。要么,„„
2、表选择。要么,„„,要么,„„ 汇总表转折的词语,专题讲解: 但是,可是,不过,然而,却,还是
4、买房子的事,你们到底怎么决定的?(最终)
最终:变化了好多次,最后的,几件事情最后的结果,一定有几次比较复杂的变化。搭配:想来想去、想了又想,想过来想过去,选了又放弃,放弃了又选,商量来商量去
5、唉,值10块钱的包,他怎么要了你50块钱?(吃亏)介绍中国的物价
他骗了我啊,那我可吃亏了,我亏了40块钱 “了”、“那”、“可”、“吃亏”的用法: 了:后面有东西时通常为“„„了我”,“„„了”后面不应该有东西。那:句子关联词。同类词:这样、那样、这 可:
1、表示同意
2、表示转折
3、表语气,表示说话人的感情
Eg:我可干不了。
1、客观事实;
2、说话人自己附加的情感成分,表强调、心理认同。
同类词系连: 可、并、就
6 “吃亏”不加宾语,“吃了很大的亏”不可加准确的数量,加准确数量要说“亏了„„钱” 心理词:后悔、难过、郁闷、生气等等。
6、天气好好的,你为什么带雨伞?(万一)万一下雨的话,我的衣服会淋湿的。会:
1、会+V:“会”表能力,会剪头发,会做饭
2、会+V+的:“会”表可能。
7、一个月才挣1000多块钱,够你日常的花销吗?(应付)应付日常开销还够,不过不能过分享受了。
应付:被动地处理,被动地拿出钱来 VS 对付
近义词辨析:开销:花的钱。
支出:有计划地花出去的钱,在较正规的场合使用。
消费:V 一种行为,一种过程。
8、这么小的房子住5个人,多挤啊。
挤就挤点吧,只要够住就可以了。
„„就„„点吧,只要„„,就„„ „„就„„点吧,至少„„ 情景设置:买机票,找男女朋友
提醒学生自我学习能力的培养:有意识地把多个句型整合使用,达到高级水平。
二、改写句子
1、某些药品的价格只相当于原价的50%。(1)50%的读法、用法(2)相当于=差不多等于
(3)“降价”不可与“起来”连用,“起来”前为动作词语,“降价”为抽象词语。
2、和她结婚的事,我连想都不敢想。 我不敢打(和她结婚)的主意。
3、春节一定回家,哪怕是买站票。(即使„„也„„)即使„„也„„
(书面语)(V)哪怕„„也„„
(口语)(V)就算„„也„„
(口语)(V)就是„„也„„
(口语)(V)再„„也„„
(口语)(adj)
4、你必须要听我的,因为我知道的比你多。 让你V你就V 要你V你就V 情景设置:男朋友、妈妈、老板、普通朋友 文化背景:自恋狂、大男子主义、女权主义
5、孩子的健康很重要(从„„出发)
从„„(角度)出发:从哪个方面看问题。情景设置:(把杯子当做一位先生)从外表出发进行观察,他很英俊;
从眼角的皱纹出发进行猜测,他很老了;
从习惯出发,他抽烟;
从性格角度出发,他乱扔烟头,没文化。从„„方面来看,从各个方面看,„„
6、咱们得一个月一个月地还贷款了。(按)按:一边做一边看,保证符合,根据规定执行。按+规定、法律、约定、时间单位、方式
7、最近我的钱都快花光了。(手头紧)最近我觉得手头紧,得出去打工。句子间的关联词、主语一致。
8、他没有批评我,没有让我丢面子。(给„„留面子)给„„留面子:让„„在公众前的形象不受到损坏。情景设置:丈夫外面请客,妻子回家发作。
(三)作业
复习、主动使用学过的汉字、句型,复习课文,演练课文场景。预习下一课,生字词、课文。
在教学过程中,就合适时间、合适机会穿插一些关于中国传统文化、社会现实、奇闻异事等问题的传达和讲解,尽可能与课文知识点相联系,寓教于乐,在提高学生学习兴趣、提高课堂融洽度的同时夯实学生对重点语法的学习,共计两课时。
第6篇:精读教案
对外汉语教学教案《篮球明星姚明》
一、教学对象
本教案的教学对象大约需学习了200个小时的汉语,掌握的汉语词汇在160个左右。
二、采用教材
《HSK快乐阅读》(北京大学出版社)
三、教学目标
1、掌握本课数量词的用法
2、理解课文内容并能复述课文
3、掌握新学的生字词
4、了解姚明的形象特点,并能用所学词语描述人物特点
四、教学内容
“汉语精读课”是对外汉语教学语言技能课中的主干课,也叫核心课、综合课。“汉语精读课”以讲解教授汉语语言知识为主要教学任务。本课共用三课时。(1)教学重点:量词的用法(注:海外学生量词基础较弱)。(2)复习上一课“家庭暴力和婚姻”、导入新课《篮球明星姚明》。(3)情景对话:“对话姚明”。(4)拆解本课生字、组词(5)以听说为重点练习课文
(6)课文,通过大声朗读以及问题提问等方式加深学生对文章大意的理解。(7)练习,重点放在语言点的练习上。
五、教学方法
1.对于生词和语言点的讲解,重点放在词义、语义以及用法上。在讲解的基础上,通过设置语境对重点生词和语法进行操练,帮助学生理解并掌握,达到会应用的目的。
2.在课文教学中,在掌握生词的基础上,首先通过领读和大声朗读使学生感知文章,对难理解处进行简单的讲解,力求掌握文章大意。
3.围绕课文相关内容进行简单地提问并小范围讨论,加深学生对作者写作意图的把握。
六、教学环节
1、复习(1)听写
掐
掠
不堪
法庭
涉嫌
状告
无独有偶
忍无可忍(2)提问
为什么不部分已婚男人都把钱交给妻子 以前,人们心目中的妇女形象是什么样
为什么说在家庭重大事务的决策上,妇女已经能够取得了决定性的领导地位?
2、生字和词
.拆解生字的部首、笔画数和组合(要求师生互动)。(板书)
傲视 竞技 觅 配角 涌现 破天荒 震撼 可想而知 熏陶 显露 耀眼 荡气回肠 隔岸观火 竞选 状元 殿 轰动 效应 进取 超越 挑战 魅力 含蓄 铺天盖地 拥戴 超凡 低落 霸
3、语法点:量词
1.、解释什么是量词(板书)
通常用来表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词,叫做量词。量词是表示人、事物或动作行为的计量单位的词。A.表示人或事物的计量单位的是物量词,又称名量词。如:尺、寸、斗、个、只、支等等。课文实例:
(1)在一些热门的体育运动中(2)但他们毕竟还只是一些配角
(3)破天荒的出现了一张来自东方神秘国度的黄种人面孔(4)1980年9月12日出生于上海的一个篮球世家(5)逐步成长为一颗耀眼的篮球明星
(6)一种不断地超越自我、挑战自我的人格魅力(7)也许已经超过了其他一些原有的宣传手段(8)可以说已经形成了一种“姚明现象”
(9)它也是中国人渴望参加世界最高水平的竞争并且在竞争中展现自我的一种体现(10)但是我们不能只有一个姚明,不能只靠一个姚明来体现中国人的形象 B.表示动作行为的计量单位的是动量词。如:次、回、趟、阵、顿、遍等等。课文实例:
2004年希腊奥运会上,中国队又前进了一大步,金牌数一跃而成为第二 2.练习运用量词(请学生上黑板做)。
(板书)一条(蛟龙)一团(浪花)
一幅(图画)一架(飞机)
一个(老人)一只(小鸟)
一次(旅行)一阵(鼓声)(注:括号里面的词是参考答案)4.课文
(1)老师示范朗读,板书提示词。(2)分读。
检查学生的课文朗读,纠正发音。3)复述课文。5.、作业
(1)书面作业:
完成课文课后练习。
(2)预习新课《网络语言》。
课文:
第7篇:高级汉语精读4第十课教案讲稿
课程单元教案(第十课第一单元)本单元 教学目的1.能正确朗读与书写课文中的生字,能区别部分形近字; 2.学习生词,理解词义,掌握用法,并能结合情景正确运用; 3.学习辨析部分近义词,区别其用法,能准确使用。
教学内容
1.学习95个词语; 2.正音,书写; 3.讲解重点词语。
教学重点 教学难点
1.生字正音正字:奢望、咄咄逼人、怒不可遏;
2.词语讲解:奢望、义无反顾、总归、为数、余地、质问、指望、郑重其事、出于; 3.近义词辨析:告诫-劝诫;掂量-估量;推辞-推卸-推托;干涉-干预;询问-质问;冤枉-委屈;盛情-热情;顾忌-顾虑。
教学方法
1.精讲多练,举一反三。
2.坚持实践性,交际性和综合性原则(语音、词汇、语法的综合训练及听、说、读、写的综合训练),在教学中采用启发式和诱导式的方法,调动和激发学生的积极性和参与热情,以提高学生的语言表达能力和交际能力。
3.坚持重现性原则,在讲练过程中注意有意识地复习所学过的词语和语法。
教学设计
1.检查出勤情况; 2.检查预习情况;
3.学习生词(朗读、理解运用、重点讲解、辨析近义词)4.巩固练习(造句练习课后练习1.2.3.4)5.小结布置作业
课后阅读材料
搜集北京、上海等城市生活方式、价值观念相关材料。
作业、思考题、讨论题
巩固复习所学的生字、生词。
本单元小节(含学生课堂纪律、教学内容完成情况、教学体会等)
注:一单元为2个标准学时
课程单元教案(第十课第二单元)本单元 教学目的1.诵读课文,理解内容,分析文章结构,学习写作方法
教学内容
朗读正音;
分析理解课文内容
示例讲解阅读方法和技巧
分析文章的整体写作思路与结构 提问检查阅读效果,巩固学习内容
教学重点 教学难点
词语:嗲;贬斥;歇斯底里;颐指气使;相敬如宾;左右逢源; 2.北京人和上海人不同的生活方式、价值观念的比较。
教学方法
1.精讲多练,举一反三。 2.坚持实践性,交际性和综合性原则(语音、词汇、语法的综合训练及听、说、读、写的综合训练),在教学中采用启发式和诱导式的方法,调动和激发学生的积极性和参与热情,以提高学生的语言表达能力和交际能力。
3.坚持重现性原则,在讲练过程中注意有意识地复习所学过的词语和语法。
教学设计
1.检查出勤; 2.复习听写生词;
3.快速阅读课文,提出相关问题,检查阅读效果; 4.分段细读,边读边提问边讲解; 5.课后小结。
课后阅读材料
北京上海等大都市人们的生活方式、价值观念相关文章。
作业、思考题、讨论题
课后思考题。
本单元小节(含学生课堂纪律、教学内容完成情况、教学体会等)
注:一单元为2个标准学时
课程单元教案(第十课第三单元)本单元 教学目的语法例释及运用
教学内容
结合课文分析语法现象 巩固语法训练
教学重点 教学难点
语法例释:复句和句群。语段语篇表达。
教学方法
1.精讲多练,举一反三。
2.坚持实践性,交际性和综合性原则(语音、词汇、语法的综合训练及听、说、读、写的综合训练),在教学中采用启发式和诱导式的方法,调动和激发学生的积极性和参与热情,以提高学生的语言表达能力和交际能力。
3.坚持重现性原则,在讲练过程中注意有意识地复习所学过的词语和语法。
教学设计
1.检查出勤;
2.根据课文内容,听后回答问题; 3.语法例释学习;
4.巩固练习:课后练习5.6.7.8 5.课后小结。
课后阅读材料
熟读并理解课文中的成语、熟语。
作业、思考题、讨论题
按照课文内容的顺序,对课文进行缩写。
本单元小节(含学生课堂纪律、教学内容完成情况、教学体会等)
注:一单元为2个标准学时
课程单元教案(第十课第四单元)本单元 教学目的检查副课文 口语表达训练
教学内容
限时独立完成副课文阅读
2.口语讨论:1.上海和北京天气、道路、建筑特色和异同。 2.上海和北京的景观、语言特点和异同。
教学重点 教学难点
口语表达:1.中心的确立 2.表达的顺序
3.语段的连接
教学方法
1.精讲多练,举一反三。
2.坚持实践性,交际性和综合性原则(语音、词汇、语法的综合训练及听、说、读、写的综合训练),在教学中采用启发式和诱导式的方法,调动和激发学生的积极性和参与热情,以提高学生的语言表达能力和交际能力。
3.坚持重现性原则,在讲练过程中注意有意识地复习所学过的词语和语法。
教学设计
1.检查出勤;
2.限时阅读副课文,并完成相关练习; 3.抽选3-4名学生口语表达; 4.分析评价; 5.课后小结。
课后阅读材料
作业、思考题、讨论题 讨论:将自己去过的或生活过的城市与乌鲁木齐比较,观察分析它们的异同。
本单元小节(含学生课堂纪律、教学内容完成情况、教学体会等)
注:一单元为2个标准学时
第十课《双城男女——北京VS上海》 教学对象与学情分析
本教材的教学对象为少数民族大二学生,这些学生的汉语水平已达到MHK3甲或4乙水平,其汉语弱项突出表现在汉语的表达方面(口语和书面)。因此在本册汉语学习中,主要任务是在增加学生汉语词汇量的同时,侧重表达能力的训练,同时根据学生专业学业任务负担较重的现实,尽量在课堂上解决问题,完成相关训练,课外进行知识拓展,扩大学生视野,培养独立自主学习能力。教学目的与要求:
通过语料学习掌握本课生词的正确读音和书写;理解所学词语在本课的词义及用法;增加学生词汇量,掌握现代汉语语法知识,并通过模仿练习,使学生达到运用所学汉语知识的能力,提高学生运用汉语表达能力;正确理解课文内容、文化知识及其教育意义;掌握本课中的语法知识及其语法意义;能运用本课所学知识独立完成课后练习,做到知识的转化。教学重点与难点: 1.近义词辨析:告诫-劝诫;掂量-估量;推辞-推卸-推托;干涉-干预;询问-质问;冤枉-委屈;盛情-热情;顾忌-顾虑。
2.课文理解:文章的中心与结构。 3.语法重点:复句、语段间的连接。教学时数及安排:8学时 第一二课时:学习生字新词 第三四课时:分析理解课文 第五六课时:语法例释训练 第七八课时:阅读表达训练 教学过程: 第一二课时
一、组织教学:检查学生出勤情况。
二、导入新课: 1.上海 2.北京
3.爱情观、婚姻观、生活方式。
三、讲解词语:
(一)朗读词语,正音正调
(二)讲解重点及难点词语:
1.奢望:过高的希望,指对不可能达到的目标,或者不可能得到的东西,报有幻想的态度。 2.动容:脸上显露出受了感动的表情,形容被言语、行为所感动。
3.义无反顾:义:宜,应该做的事;反顾:回头看。从道义上只有勇往直前,不能犹豫回顾,形容维护正义决心非常大。或在道义上只勇往直前,绝不退缩回头
4.不在话下:不在谈论的范围内,指事情轻微,不值得一提。事属当然,用不着说。5.抛头露面:抛:暴露。露出头和面孔。原指妇女出现在大庭广众之中。现指公开露面。6.咄咄逼人:咄咄:使人惊奇的声音。形容气势汹汹,盛气凌人,使人难堪。也指形势发展迅速,给人压力。
7.怒不可遏:愤怒得难以抑制。形容十分愤怒。遏:止。
8.揭竿而起:揭:高举;竿:竹竿,代旗帜。砍了树干当武器,举起竹竿当旗帜,进行反抗。亦指人民起义。9.不了了之:了:了结,结束。用不了结的办法去了结。指把事情放在一边不管,就算完事。10.林林总总:林林:众多的样子;总总:众多而杂乱的样子。形容众多。唐·柳宗元《贞符》:“惟人之初,总总而生,林林而群。”
11.不以为忤:不生气,不介意。忤,wǔ。本义:抵触,不顺从。不将此作为忤逆之举典故范例《旧唐书》卷一百四十四·列传第九十四:”上不以为忤,甚称之。“《宋史》卷四百五十八·列传第二百一十七:“尝有贵客过之,瑛酒酣而歌,以乐器扣其头为节,客亦不以为忤。”例句他对于众人的批评不但不以为忤,反而欣然接受
12颐指气使:颐指:动下巴示意,指挥别人;气使:用神情气色支使人。不说话而用面部表示表情示意。形容有权势的人指挥别人的傲慢态度。《汉书·贡禹传》:“家富势足,目指气使。”《资治通鉴·唐纪·昭宣帝天佑二年》:“见朝士,皆颐指气使,旁若无人。” 13.见仁见智:对同一个问题,不同的人从不同的立场或角度有不同的看法。《周易·系辞上》:“仁者见之谓之仁,智者见之谓之智。”
14.察言观色:察:详审。观察别人的说话或脸色。多指揣摸别人的心意。《论语·颜渊》:“夫达也者,质直而好义,察言而观色,虑以下人。”
15.画饼充饥:画个饼来解除饥饿。比喻用空想来安慰自己。《三国志·魏志·卢毓传》:“选举莫取有名,名如画地作饼,不可啖也。”
(三)近义词辨析:
1.告诫:规劝某人勿做某事。一般用于长辈对晚辈,上级对下级。劝诫:可用于平辈之间。
掂量:侧重于用手托着东西上下晃动来估计轻重。
估量:侧重对事物的性质数量变化等进行大概的估计。常用于抽象的事物。推辞:侧重于直接拒绝、辞谢。可与“再三~”“一再”搭配。推卸:侧重于找客观原因来逃避责任。推托:侧重于借故拒绝,不肯承担。
干涉:强行参与、或不该管硬管,手段粗暴强硬。干预:语义较轻。一般的过问或参与。
询问:语气平和,语义较轻。征求意见,打听情况。质问:语义较重。用责备的语气依据事实问明是非。冤枉:侧重指无罪者有罪。
委屈:侧重于表示受到不公正待遇。
盛情:名词。深厚的情意。多用于书面语。常用“盛情款待”、“盛情难却”。热情:形容词,名词。
顾忌:强调有所避忌、忌讳。心中考虑的程度较浅,语义较轻。
顾虑:强调有所忧虑,心中考虑的程度较深。动词用法较少见。名词用法常见。
六、小结布置作业
第三四课时
一、组织教学:检查学生出勤情况。
二、复习旧课:听写重点词语
三、讲授新课:
(一)限时阅读课文(15分钟)
(二)回答问题
1.北京人与上海人的爱情观有什么区别?谈谈你的看法。 2.北京女人与上海女人有什么不同?
3.北京人与上海人在应酬方面有什么不同?
(三)细读课文概括段意 巩固所学内容
再读课文,回答思考题
五、小结布置作业
第五六课时
一、组织教学:检查学生出勤情况。
二、复习旧课:听后根据老师的问题,书面回答 三语法例释
1.复句与句群
2.语段的链接
四、巩固训练:课后练习
5、6、7、8
五、小结布置作业 第七八课时
一、组织教学:检查学生出勤情况。
二、复习旧课:概述课文内容
三、讲授新课:
(一)阅读训练限时完成副课文学习
(二)表达训练话题讨论
1.概括一下北京人和上海人的生活方式、观念和特点。 2.介绍一个你去过的城市。
3.模仿副课文的形式,将该城市与乌鲁木齐或者你熟悉的城市进行比较。
四、小结布置作业
五、全篇小结
第8篇:商务汉语精读高级大纲0420
2011-2012学年第二学期
高级商务汉语精读
课程大纲 1
一、教学目的与任务
作为高级阶段的一门必修课,本课程以经贸知识为经,以语言学习为纬,通过学习、了解和讨论当代中国经济生活中各个领域的热门话题,将语言知识和经贸知识融为一体,让学生在真实的生活场景中自然而然地掌握经贸术语和经贸知识,其最终目的是给学生搭建一个相对宽泛的基础知识平台。
本课程应对学生进行听说读写综合技能训练,进一步扩大词汇量,提高词语辨析和运用能力、快速阅读能力及篇章表达能力,使学生能在较高层次上理解和欣赏汉语丰富多彩的语言现象。在实际教学中,考虑到相关课程配合的需要,高级汉语课把教学重点放在阅读理解和口头、书面表达上。
阅读能力的高低表现在对阅读内容的理解程度上,即理解的对与错、深与浅。因此,通过对高级汉语课程及其他相关课程的学习,要使学生能够正确理解汉语中一些较复杂的语言现象,理解语言表达中的言外之意等。提高学生的口语、书面语的表达水平,使学生能够用较丰富的语言准确、流畅地描述所闻所见及抽象事物,能准确得体地表达自己的观点和感受,并对事件或问题做出分析评论。
此外,高级汉语课作为必修课,它的目的还在于为其他汉语课程和专业课程的学习,为在今后工作中流利地运用汉语和获得自学汉语的能力打下基础。
二、教学对象
本教材的教学对象是商务汉语专业留学生本科三年级的学生。同时也可以作为外国经贸公司对华工作人员自学用书。
三、教学原则
1.坚持理论与实践相结合的原则。把讲授知识、分析范文和写作实践结合起来。讲授力求精要、具体、有用,引导学生掌握写作技巧。将课堂
讲授与课外练习相结合。
2.坚持语段与篇章相结合的练习方式。在语段练习的基础上进行整篇的写作练习和口语训练。
3.针对学生实际,采取多种形式批改学生的练习。将教师批改、学生自改互改相结合。讲评应有的放矢,帮助学生总结写作经验,使学生有实际效益。
四、教学进度及时数分配
教材分上下册,上册10课,下册8课,供一学年(每周6课时)使用。
五、教学内容及要求
(一)教学内容
1.词汇量的多少从来都是衡量语言水平高低的一项重要指标。以初、中级阶段有限的词汇量和相对有限的表达形式来进行高级阶段的深层理解和篇章表达是相当困难的。因此,如何使学生尽快地扩大词汇量,掌握尽可能多的表达形式就成为高级阶段教学的一个重要内容。高级汉语课不是专门的词语教学课,但词语教学是高级汉语课的一项内容。高级汉语课中,词语讲练可以分为三个部分:
(1)常用词语教学
包括一般词语的组合关系和聚合关系,它们的近义、同义、反义词语;也包括成语、俗语、惯用语和一些常用格式的意义和用法,以及它们在表达中的作用。
(2)近义词辨析
即指两个或两个以上同义或近义词语的辨析,重点是辨析这些相关词语在意义,特别是在功能、语言风格上的细微差别。
(3)词语例释
主要针对一词多义现象,重点是了解这些词语在不同的组合或聚合关系中,在不同语言环境中的不同意义,并学会正确使用。
2.常用句式是高级汉语课教学的另一个重点内容。这里的常用句式包括各类复句、双重否定句、反问句、被动句等。通过复句教学,使学生进一步理解汉语句子之间的逻辑关系,并熟悉怎样表达这种逻辑关系,最终学会用关联词语或其他方式表达出各种较为复杂的关系。对于其他句式的学习,重点是让学生了解此种句式与其他相关句式的区别——如双重否定句和肯定句,反问句和陈述句,被动句和主动句等。这些在意义上相近而表达形式完全不同的句式,其语言风格也会不同。以此丰富学生的汉语表达方式,达到正确、得体地使用汉语的目的。
3.对课文的阅读理解是高级汉语课程教学的第三个重点内容。 高级汉语课的课文,始终是进行语言训练的重要素材。这一语言素材的特点表现在两个方面:首先,它是阅读理解的素材,通过对课文的阅读,对其中重要词语、句式等的讲练,使学生对课文的基本内容有基本的了解,进而通过反复阅读,使学生对课文中的一些隐含意义、对一些句子的言外之意能够理解和体会,从而能对课文的意义或深层内容有更深刻的理解,甚至对课文中语言运用的优劣能有所感觉,以达到真正提高阅读理解水平的目的。同时,在理解的基础上,课文又成为进行口语和书面语表达训练的材料,对课文中人物的分析、对课文所涉及文化内容的说明以及对课文意义的讨论,实际上都是利用课文这个素材,完成说与写的训练。
阅读理解在高级阶段不再是简单的对字面意义的理解,理解内在深层意义是更重要的内容,同时这种理解又可以不是惟一的,只要言之成理,应该允许学生对意义有不同的解释,这能更好地达到语言训练的目的。
4.高级汉语课程教学的第四个重点内容是篇章结构。篇章结构可以被认为是高级阶段教学的重中之重,因为前面谈到的大部分训练内容和方式,实际上都是为最后的表达做准备的。文章表达又分为口语表达和书面语表达。
(二)教学要求
高级汉语课是一门语言技能课,在整个教学活动中应该贯穿实践性的教学原则,注重讲练结合,精讲多练,通过一系列目的明确的训练手段,最终使学生的各项语言能力达到教学要求。
读:能阅读并理解报刊中的一般性文章及较有深度的文学作品,准确把握文章的基本内容、中心思想。
说:能在不同场合进行一般性交际,能用准确、得体且尽可能丰富的语言描述事物或事件,表达思想及发表评论。
写:能在l小时内完成约600字的短文,基本符合汉语的写作要求。短文的形式及内容应是多方面的,既包括对具体事件或抽象事物的客观描写,也包括对主观思想、情感的表达,以及对问题的分析评论。
六、教学环节和教学方法
(一)复习环节
复习是对前次课主要教学内容的回顾或检查,有时也是新课导入的契点。语言学习的过程实际上是不断重复的过程。这一环节的目的,正是为了让学生通过对学习内容的再一次重复,加深理解和记忆,并通过重复使用,最终能够运用自如;同时,也是学生在复习的基础上,自然而顺利地进入新课,使教师掌握学生的情况,以便更合理地安排新课的教学。
这一环节所占用的时间可以具体情况而定,一般应控制在15分钟以内。复习的内容也可以灵活地掌握,可以是对前次课的重点句式、重要词语的考察,也可以使对课文内容的复述,或是对有关问题进行讨论。复习时问题的难度应该比前一次加大,主要为锻炼学生对问题整理、归纳的能力。
(二)新课教学
新课教学是课堂教学最重要的环节,前面谈到的教学重点:句式、词语、课文的阅读理解、成端表达,几乎都要在每次课的这一环节中出现,可见这一环节的教学量是相当大的。而且,对于不同的教学内容,还需要采取不同的教学方法。但不管教学量有多大,不管采取何种教学方法,“精讲多练”的指导思想都是不可废弃的。在次指导思想下,经过许多教师多年的教学实践,高级汉语课的课堂教学形成了一套较完整的、并且是行之有效的教学方法。这对于完成高级汉语课的教学任务,对于全面提高学生的汉语水平,都起了很重要的作用。
(三)简述要点
这一环节是在一次课所有的教学内容完成之后,再次重申本次课的教学重点。这既体现了语言教学的重复性原则,也是把教学内容条理化、系统化,帮助学生再一次明确所学内容,在学生归纳、整理的基础上,又一次提供了表达的机会。
(四)布置课后练习及复习、预习的内容
对于高级汉语课来说,课后的复习、预习是十分重要的。课后复习是再一次的重复,可以帮助学生巩固所学的句式、词语,进一步加深对课文的理解,更重要的是,在此基础上,学生应书面回答练习中的相关问题,并就某一感兴趣的问题试写短文,这也就是说,高级汉语成段表达的书面形式是在课后实现的,或者说,高级汉语课对学生的写作能力的训练是在课后完成的。由此可见,课上、课下的有效配合,才能构成完整的高级汉语课。
七、教学评价
本课程在每个学期末进行一次期末考试,对本课程教学情况的一个评价手段,为了对学生的学习效果进行及时的了解也会安排单元测试和中期考试,以课本内容作为考试材料,考试由任课教师命题。试卷分A卷和B卷,卷面满分均为100分,该课程的成绩由“考试卷面成绩70%”和“平时成绩30%”两部分组成,均以百分制计算。
八、参考书目
《经贸汉语高级教程》罗陈霞、朱彤主编,外语教学与研究出版社出版。
第9篇:精读教案3
Unit 3 Career
Teaching Time: six periods Part I Pre-learning I.Teaching Aims
By the end of this leon, students should be able to: A.Know the special terms of occupations and career.B.Understand how to make invitations and accept or refuse them.C.Master the skills of describing one’s appearance.D.Grasp the words or phrases related to jobs.II.Teaching Important and Difficult Points Cultural Background A.Choosing your career(选择职业)Your career choice determines the course that your life will take–----It determines how succeful you are, how happy you are and whether you live a good, bad or indifferent life.You have to think though what you want to achieve with your life in
important areas such as your career, your family, artistic or sporting goals and public service.A crucial part of this is setting if the major focus of your life is to spend a lot of time with your family and contribute to voluntary organizations, then you must recognize that this with limit the time and effort you can dedicate to your career.If you want to focus exclusively on your career, then you must understand and manage the consequences.Bear in mind that your priorities will probably change over time –many people focus completely on their careers in their twenties as they make a place for themselves in the world.In their thirties, they may take more of a family focus, and other things may become important later on –this is a normal part of life.B.Planning your career(规划职业)In order to choose an appropriate career which suits your abilities, skills, ambitions and ideals, you have to plan your career very carefully.Here are the steps you can follow:
1)Develop a career plan.Think about what you want to do and find out more about the kind of training, education, and skills you will need to achieve your career goal.2)Ae your skills and interests.Think hard about what you enjoy, what you are good at, what kind of personality you are, and the values you hold.3)Research occupations.Find out more about the nature of the jobs that interest you, such as educational requirements, salary, working conditions, future outlook, and anything else that can help you narrow your focus.4)compare your skills and interests with the occupations you’ve selected.The career that matches your skills, interest, and personality the closest may be the career for you.5)Choose your career goal.Once you’ve decided what occupation matches up best with you, then you can begin developing a plan to reach your career goal.C.Different types of people take related careers(不同的人适合不同类型的职业)The Realistic Personality Type: 1)Likes to work with animals, tools, or machines;2)Generally avoids social activities like teaching, counseling, nursing, and informing others;
3)Has good skills in working with tools, mechanical drawings, machines or animals;4)Values practical things you can see and touch –like plants and animals you can grow, or things you can build or make better;5)Sees self as practical, mechanical, and realistic;In the realistic group, for example, there are jobs like animal caretaker, farmer, firefighter, guard, police detective, architect, engineer, surveyor, inspector, cost estimator, aircraft pilot, upholsterer, plumber, carpenter, mason, mechanic, sailor, production manager, driver, operator, clerk, librarian, chef, jeweler, welder, computer programmer, optician, appliance repairer, landscape architect, electrician, etc The Investigation Personality Type: 1)Likes to study and solve math or science problems;2)Generally avoids leading, selling, or persuading people;3)Has good skills at understanding and solving science and math problems;4)Values science, and sees self as precise, scientific, and intellectual.In the investigation group, for example, there are jobs like scientist, astronomer, chemist, geologist, meteorologist, physicist, urban planner, sociologist, marketing researcher, historian, economist, dentist, surgeon, biomedical engineer, information system manager, computer software
engineer, network administrator, statistician, computer support specialist, curator, actuary, lab technician, etc.The Artistic Personality Type: 1)Likes to do creative activities like art, drama, crafts, dance, music, or creative writing;2)Generally avoids highly ordered or repetitive activities;3)Has good artistic abilities –in creative writing, drama, crafts, music, or art;4)Values the creative arts-like drama, music, art, or the works of creative writers;5)Sees self as expreive, original, and independent.In the Artistic group, for example, there are jobs like biographer, editor,writer,poet,architect,cartoonist,commercial/graphic/industrial/interior designer, painter, sculptor, photographer, actor /actre, dancer, director, disk jockey, producer, radio and TV announcer, composer, musician, orchestra conductor, singer, etc.The Social Personality Type: 1)Likes to do things to help people –like teaching, counseling, nursing, or giving information;2)Generally avoids using machines, tools, or animals to achieve a goal;3)Has good skills at teaching, counseling, nursing, or giving information;4)Values helping people and solving social problems;5)Sees self as helpful, friendly, and trustworthy.In the Social group, for example, there are jobs like coach, umpire, recreation and fitne worker, schoolteacher, special education teacher, instructional coordinator, librarian, childcare worker, personal and homecare aid, dietitian, clergy or religious worker, employment counselor, probation officer, social worker, registered nurse, etc.The Enterprising Personality Type: 1)Likes to lead and persuade people, and to sell things and ideas;2)Generally avoids activities that require careful observation and scientific, analytical thinking;3)Is good at leading people and selling things or ideas;4)Values succe in politics, leadership, or busine;5)Sees self as energetic, ambitious, and sociable.In the Enterprising group, for example, there are jobs like counter/rental clerk, sales agent, sales representative, travel agent, hair stylist, bartender, flight attendant, reservation or ticket agent, waiter/waitre, lawyer, judge, busine manager, management consultant, top executive, school superintendent, public relations specialist, reporter, news analyst, desktop publisher, customs inspector, occupational safety and health specialist, etc.The Conventional Personality Type: 1)Likes to work with numbers, records, or machines in a set,orderly way;2)Generally avoids ambiguous, unstructured activities;3)Is good at working with written records and numbers in a systematic, orderly way;4)Values succe in busine;5)Sees self as orderly, and good at following a set plan.In the Conventional group, for example, there are jobs like computer operator, data entry keeper, file clerk, mail carrier, office clerk, measurer/checker, typist, bank teller, cashier, dispatcher, receptionist, switchboard operator, loan officer, secretary, administrative aistant, accounting clerk, billing clerk, book-keeper, stock clerk & order filler, claim examiner, hotel /motel desk clerk, etc.Part II Teaching Procedure Reading I I.Key Language Points 1.nanny: n.a woman whose job is to take care of the children in a
family, usually in the family’s own home 保姆,奶妈
Inflected Form(s): plural nannies
【例句】She found a job as a nanny with wealthy Italian family.她找到一份工作,做一个富有的意大利家庭的保姆。
2.辨析career & profeion Career:
1)n.a profeion for which one trains and which is undertaken as a
permanent calling 需要特别训练的并终身或长期从事的职业;一生的事业
【例句】He realized that his acting career was over.他意识到他的演艺生涯结束了。
【相关搭配】choice of career 职业选择
a career in banking 在银行业的一份职业
a change of career 职业改变
2)adj.career can also be an adjective, which means
profeional 职业的【相关搭配】career soldier 职业军人
career diplomat 职业外交家
career woman /girl职业女性
Profeion:n.1)Profeion is a form of employment, esp.one that is poible
only for an educated person and after training(such as law, medicine, or
teaching)and that is respected in society as honorable
尤指受过教育和专门训练的法律、医学、教育等脑力劳动方面的专业、职业
【例句】He is a lawyer by profeion.他是一位职业律师。
The teaching profeion claim(s)to be badly paid.教师职业宣称待遇非常差。
He was well respected in the medical profeion.他在医药界备受推崇。
【相关搭配】profeional standard 专业标准
a profeional photographer 职业摄影师
profeional foul(体育运动中的)故意犯规
【例句】He is a footballer who turned profeional.他刚转为职业足球运动员。
2)Profeional can also be a noun, which refers to a person who has great
experience and high profeional standards 专业人士;专家;内行
【例句】She’s a real profeional.她是一个专业人士。
3.辨析part-time & full-time
part-time:adj.& adv.working for only part of each day or week 兼职的/地
【相关搭配】a part-time job 兼职
full-time: adj.& adv.just the opposite to part-time, meaning ―working
for all the hours of a week 全职的/地
【相关搭配】a part-time student 非全日制学生
a full-time job 全职工作
a full-time student 全日制学生
4.delicious: adj.highly pleasing or agreeable to the senses, especially
of taste or smell 美味的【相关搭配】a delicious meal 一顿可口的大餐
【例句】After school she made us delicious teas and read us stories in bed.放学后她为我们做了一顿美味的下午茶点,还在床上为我们讲故事。
5.wear:(wore, worn)v.to have something such as clothes, shoes, or
jewelers on your body 穿、戴(衣服,鞋子,珠宝等)
【例句】Susan was wearing a black silk dre.苏珊穿着一套黑色丝织的服装。
He wore glaes for reading.他戴着眼睛看书。
6.uniform: n.a particular type of clothing worn by all the members of a
group or organization such as the police, the army, etc.制服
【例句】He was still wearing his school uniform.他依然穿着校服。
【相关搭配】school /army /police uniform 校服/军装/警服
7.get on with: to form or have a friendly relation 与„„友好相处
【例句】Do you get on well with your bo ? 你和你的老板相处融洽吗?
8.at the time: at the moment when something happened 当时,那时候
【例句】I was living at Beijing at the time.我当时就住在北京。
9.phase: n.one of the stages of a proce of development or change 阶段
【例句】It’s just a phase he’s going through.这只是他
必须要经历的一个人生阶段。
【相关搭配】in/out of phase 同步/不同步; 协调/不协调
10.go through: to suffer or experience;endure 遭受
【例句】The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家已经遭受了太多的战争。
【相关搭配】go through fire and flood 赴汤蹈火
11.make it up with: to become friends, again(after a quarrel)和解,言归于好
【例句】It’s time you made it up with your sister.是时候你该和你的姐姐和解了。
They made up after an argument.他们在争论后重归于好了。
12.turn out: to happen in a particular way, or to have a
particular result, especially one that you did not expect 证明是„„,结果是„„,发展为„„
【例句】To my surprise, it turned out that I was wrong.令我惊讶的是,结果出来证明我是错的。
The job turned out to be harder than I thought.这工作结果比我想的更难。
13.apply for: to make a formal request, usually written, for something
such as a job, a place in a university, or permiion to do something
(正式以书面)提出请求或申请,以获得一个大学的一份工作,或获得做某事的许可
【例句】I’ll apply for the job today.今天我要申请这份工作。
【相关搭配】apply sth.to sth.贴,敷,涂
【例句】apply the glue to both surfaces 两面都涂上胶水。
14.a wee bit: rather 有些,有点
【例句】He’ s a wee bit drunk.他有点醉了。
15.take after: to look or behave like(an older relative)
长相或者举止像(某个长辈)(不用于进行式)
【例句】The child took after his father only when seen at a
distance.那个孩子只有在远处看才像他爸爸。
Mary really takes after her mother;she has the same eyes, nose, and hair.玛丽和她妈妈长得很像,她们有一样的眼睛,鼻子和头发。
16.make a decision: to decide after thinking carefully about something,especially about something that is very important下决心,作出决定
【例句】After weeks of sleeple nights, I finally made a decision.经历了几周的不眠夜,我终于做了决定。
【相关搭配】arrive at /come to /reach a decision: to officially decide about
something important after discuing and carefully considering it
经过慎重的讨论和考虑后最终作出决定
【例句】Before reaching a decision the chairman usually talks to senior
managers.在做出决定前,主席通常会找各高级经理谈话。
17.bring up: to educate and care for a child until drown-up 教育,教养(孩子)
【例句】She was brought up to believe that money is not the most important
thing in the world.她自小就被教导金钱并非是世上最重要的东西。
Jack and Tom were born and brought up in the America.杰克和汤姆都出生于美国,并在那里被抚养长大。
18.think of: to take into consideration=think about 考虑;想到
【例句】We are thinking of going to France.我们正在考虑去法国。
I had never thought of becoming a busineman.我从未想过会成为一个生意人。
19.follow in sb.’s footsteps: to follow an example set by someone in the past
继承某人的事业;步某人的后尘
【例句】The girl’s following in her father’s footsteps and studying to be a doctor.这女孩继承她父亲的事业,学习成为一名医生。
20.辨析childish & childlike Childish: adj.1)characteristic of a child 孩子特有的。
【相关搭配】Childish laughter 孩子的笑声
2)(derog 贬)(of an adult)(behaving)like a child;immature;silly
(指成人)(举止)像孩子气的,幼稚的,傻里傻气的【例句】Don’t be so childish.别这么幼稚了。
Childlike: adj.(esp.approv 尤作褒义)like or characteristic of a child;
innocent;not devious 孩子般的,孩子气的,天真无邪的【相关搭配】childlike enjoyment, trust, honesty 孩子般的快乐、信任、诚实
21.make up with / to end a quarrel or dispute with sb.言归于好
【例句】Why don’t you two ki and make up? 你们两个为什么不接个吻,言归于好呢?
II.Difficult Sentences 1)I know that she and Daddy thought it was just a childish phase I was
going through, but it wasn’t.要点:„„phase I was going through„„.是一个后置的定语从句,先行词是phase,关联词此处省略。
译文:我知道,她和我爸爸都以为那只是我正在经历的孩子气阶段,但事实上不是的。
2)Everything has turned out for the best.要点:It proves that everything is going on well.译文:一切都在慢慢转好。
3)I had a nanny when I was a child but I never thought of being one
myself, but times have changed and ―nannying‖ has been socially acceptable
for a long time.要点:Taking a job as a child’s nurse is accepted in the society.It implies
that the occupation is not despised by the society.译文:在我孩提时代我家里有个保姆但我从未想过我有一天自己会去从事这个行业,但随着时代的改变,这个行业已经被社会广为接受好久了。
III. Structure of Reading I Part I(Paragraph 1)Introduction: What is the background of Amanda Peniston-Bird?
Amanda is a daughter of a judge and specializes in being nanny for two
years.Part II(Paragraph 2-3)
To Amanda, what’s the impreion about the two nannies they got? 1)As to the first one, she was young, wonderful and responsible though
she was just a part-time student worker.2)To the latter one, she was traditional and profeional, Amanda enjoyed
the whole course of being taking care of.What happens to Amanda’s family after her choice-making to be a nanny? At first, there were a terrible row with her families and her parents were
very angry about her decision.They made it up before she went to college,finally her parents changed their opinions and had encouraged her ever
since.Part III(Paragraph 4)
What’s Amanda’s mother’s opinion about their daughter’s career decision? She and her husband gradually accepted the fact and respected her
daughter’s choice.She felt proud about her daughter’s independent
thinking and realized the wide acceptance of this career.Reading II I.Notes 1.gardener: n.someone whose job is to grow flowers and plants and work
gardens 园林工人;园艺家
[相关词]
gardening: n.the activity of working in a garden, growing plants, cutting
a lawn etc.园艺学
2.surgeon: n.a doctor whose job is to perform medical operations.The
performing of medical operations is called surgery.外科手术
[相关词] a trees surgeon: it refers to an expert who is specially trained to treat
diseased trees.In other words, a tree surgeon is a tree doctor.外科医师
3.Oxford University: a famous university at Oxford, England, founded in
the 1200’s 牛津大学
4.archaeology: n.the scientific study of historic or prehistoric people
and their cultures by examining the remains of their houses,pots, tools,tombs and other objects 考古学
5.drop out:
1)If someone drops out, it means he leaves school, college or university
before his course of study has finished and he has no intention of
returning.退学
【例句】One third of the city’s students drop out before graduation.这个城市有三分之一的学生在毕业前退学。
2)“Do drop out “can also mean to move away from or refuse to join ordinary
society because of not agreeing with accepted practice, standards, and
ways of living.由于不能接受或同意生活的标准或方式而远离甚至拒绝接触社会
[相关搭配] drop out of society 隐退;遁世
6.surveyor: n.a person whose job is to survey or measure buildings and
land.土地测量员;建筑物鉴定人
7.interior designer: a person whose job is to plan and choose the colors,furnishing, etc., for the inside of a room or house.An interior designer
usually does not do the actual work of putting them in.Actually, he just
designs.室内装修师(通常不实际参与具体工作)
8.Tudor house: a house with the Tudor style.Tudor style refers to the
style of architecture which was once very popular in the Tudor dynasty in
Britain.9.acre: n.a unit for measuring land area, now equal to 43,560 square
feet or 4,047 square metres英亩
10.drive: n.There are different words for the idea of ―road ‖.You may
refer to the following table: drive / driveway(私用车道)a road for vehicles that connects a
private house or garage with the street
road(马路)a hard level surface made for cars and other vehicles to
travel on
street(街道)a road with houses or shops
path(小径)a winding way made by or for people walking over the
ground
avenue(林荫道)a broad street in a town sometimes having trees on
each side
highway(公路)an American word meaning a wide fast road that connects
big cities and towns
expreway/freeway(高速公路)an American word meaning a wide fast road
that takes traffic into and out of a big city and is often very busy.motorway(高速公路)a British word meaning a wide fast road that
connects big cities and towns for fast long-distance travel
track(小道,小径)a narrow rough road leading to a farm or a field,usually formed by the preure of farm vehicles on the ground
lane(小路,小巷)a narrow winding road connecting villages or farms
paage(走廊,过道)a long narrow connecting way inside a building
alley(小巷,胡同)a very narrow street or path between buildings in a
town
11.pick up: learn something easily without making much effort 轻松学会
【例句】I picked up quite a lot of Spanish when I was in Spain last summer.去年夏天我在西班牙的时候轻松学会了很多西班牙语。
12.furious: adj.very angry in an uncontrolled way, in a fury。狂怒的【例句】He will be furious with us if we are late.如果我们迟到他会发飙的。
13.carry on: If you carry on doing something, you continue to do it in
spite of interruptions or difficulties.继续
【例句】We carried on our discuion after lunch.吃完午饭后我们继续讨论。
14.The moment …: ―the Moment‖ can be used to introduce
a time adverbial
in the pattern ―the moment(that)somebody does something‖, meaning as
soon as someone does something.【例句】He said he would phone you the moment he got home.他说他一到家就给你电话。
15.enjoy every moment of sth.: enjoy something very much 好好享受每一刻
16.redundant: adj.no longer employed because there is not enough work,usu.used with “make” 失业的【例句】Seventy men in the factory were made redundant because of falling
demand for products.由于产品需求的下降,工厂里有70人被迫下岗。
17.be taken aback: If you are taken aback, you are so surprised or
shocked by something unexpected that you have to pause
for a moment and
cannot think or do anything.大吃一惊
【例句】I was rather taken aback by his rudene.我被他的粗鲁吓了一大跳。
18.makes them respect…;help them plan …: these are V + O + Inf.(without
to)constructions.Some verbs can be used with a bare infinitive
(不带to的不定式)as object complement(宾语补足语), such as make, have, help, let,see, hear, watch, and feel.【例句】She had them read the letter.I often hear them sing the song.Suddenly we felt the atmosphere grow tense.She lets her children stay up very late.Could you help me unload the car?
My new position made them respect me more.19.delighted: adj.1)When somebody feels pleased or satisfied, we say “he is delighted ”.高兴的【例句】We were delighted with the effect of our advertisement.当我们的广告效果出来的时候我们十分高兴。
2)But if something is satisfactory and pleasant, we say “it is delightful
”.令人雀跃的20.manual labor: Manual labor is the kind of work in which you use your
hands or your physical strength rather than your mind.体力劳动The kind of
work which involves the use of the mind is called “mental work.” 智力劳动
21.only son: one with no brothers or sisters 独生子
22.fall out: If you fall out with someone, you quarrel or have an
argument with someone and stop being friendly with him or her.吵架
【例句】Jane and Paul have fallen out with each other over the education of
their children.简和保罗就孩子的教育问题大吵了一架。
23.miserable: adj.unhappy, uncomfortable 悲惨的24.millionaire: n.a person who has a million pound or dollars;very rich
person 百万富翁
II.Difficult Sentences 1)But I knew it was a waste of time to carry on studying archaeology, and
the moment I started gardening again, I knew I’d made the right decision.要点:“a waste of time”, 浪费时间;
“the moment I started„.”是时间状语从句,the moment
引导的,相当于as soon as ;
译文:但我知道,继续学考古学对我而言只是浪费时间,而我再次开始从事园艺,我就知道,我做的决定是对的。
2)Times have changed and all kinds of people do all kinds of work, and I
think the world’s a better place for it.要点:„ I think the world’s a better place for it 中的’s 不是属格,而是实义动词have的第三人称单数形式。
译文:时代在转变,人们从事着各种各样的工作,我相信这世界会给它一个更好的认可。
Word Study 1.adore
基本用法
1)vt.to like very much 非常喜欢
【例句】She adores the cinema /going to the cinema.我非常喜欢看电影。
2)vt.to love deeply and respect highly(无进行式)敬慕,爱慕
【例句】He adores his elder brother.他非常敬慕他哥哥。
相关词
adoration n.敬慕;敬仰
【例句】He looked at Julia in obvious adoration.他用一种明显的敬仰的眼神看着朱丽叶。
adorable adj.迷人的;可爱的【例句】What an adorable baby!好可爱的宝宝!2.realize 基本用法
1)vt.to understand and believe(a fact);be or become conscious of
(不用于进行式)了解;领悟;认识到
【例句】He didn't realize the risk he was taking.他根本没意识到他正在冒险。
Do you realize you are being impolite? 你知道你现在很不
礼貌吗?
2)vt.to make(a hope, purpose, goal, etc.)real 使(希望、目的、目标等)实现
【例句】My worst fears were realized when I saw what the exam questions were.当我看到了试卷的题目,我最不希望的事情还是发生了。
相关词
realization n.认识;体会;领悟;实现
【例句】Getting this role in the film was a realization of her childhood
dreams.可以得到这部电影里的角色是他儿提时代的梦想的实现。
realizable adj.可以实现的【例句】Our hopes are hardly realizable.我们的希望几乎是很难实现的。
相关搭配:
realize one’s long-cherished wish 实现夙愿
self-realization 本人才能的充分发挥
3.row
基本用法
1)n.a noisy quarrel;a public argument;a dispute or controversy 争吵;辩论;争论
【例句】Rows about /over money are the common reason for the breakdown of
marriages.为钱而争论是许多婚姻破裂的最常见的原因。
have rows /a row with sb.与某人争吵
【例句】I had a row with my boyfriend last night.昨晚我和男友大吵了一架。
2)n.a noise(贬义)喧闹声;吵闹声
make a row 吵吵嚷嚷
【例句】Stop making such a row;I can’ sleep.别发出那样的噪音,我无法入睡。
3)vi.(British English)to argue in an angry way 争吵;吵架
【例句】I’m not going to row with you –I’d just like you to explain.我不打算和你吵架,我只想听你解释。
vt.to move a boat through the water with oars 划船
【例句】Can you row(a boat)? 你会划船吗?
5)n.a neat line(of people or things)side by side 一排;一行;一列
【例句】 a row of houses 一排房子
相关搭配:
in rows /a row(排成、站成)一排/行/列
【例句】The children stood in row.孩子们站成一排。
in a row 一个接一个地;没有间断
【例句】She won the competition three times in a row.她连赢三次。
row upon row 一排一排地
【例句】She could see row upon row of people waiting to be served.她看到有成排的人等着接受服务。
a blazing row 大吵一顿
【例句】We had a blazing row a couple of years ago and I haven’t seen her
since.自从几年前我们大吵一架至今我都没有再见到过她。
4.turn
基本用法
1)vi./vt.to move around a central or fixed point 旋转;转动
【例句】The big wheel turned slowly.这个大车轮慢慢的转动。
2)vi.to change so as to become(esp.sth.bad)转变成(尤指不好的状况);使成为
【例句】The milk has turned sour.牛奶已经变酸了
3)vt.to go round 拐过;拐弯
【例句】The car turned the corner.车已经拐弯了。
4)n.转动;旋动;转弯;顺序
【例句】You have mied your turn so you’ll have to wait.你已经错过了轮到你的那次,等吧。
相关搭配:
turn one’s back on 反对
turn a deaf ear to 对„„充耳不闻
turn a blind eye to 对„„视而不见
take turns 轮流
the turn of the century 世纪之交
by turns 轮流;依次
out of the turn 不合时宜地;鲁莽地
5.spend
基本用法
1)vt.to pa or use(time)消磨(时间);度过(时间)
Spend…(time)doing sth.(with sb.)
【例句】We spent a pleasant hour or two talking with our friends.我们在同朋友交谈中愉快地度过了一两个小时。
2)vi./ vt.to give out in payment for goods or services 用(钱);花费
spend …(money)on sth.【例句】I’m good at spending but not at saving.我擅长于花钱而不是存钱。
3)vt.to wear out or use completely 耗尽;用尽
【例句】The storm soon spent itself /its force.spender n.花费者
spent adj.用过的;失效的;不再使用的【例句】spent cartridge 空弹壳
spending n.花费;支出
【例句】government /public /state spending
defense / education /health spending
相关搭配:
spending money 零花钱
spendthrift 奢侈的人
money well spent 值得花的钱
【例句】The repairs cost quite a lot, but it was money well spent.Grammar Focus
Describe people’s appearance
1.整体描写和局部描写
在描写人物时,我们通常会使用一些形容词描述人的身体各部分:体形、脸形、面颊、鼻子、眼睛、嘴巴、下巴、牙齿、头发的颜色和发型以及肤色等。有些形容词属于整体描写,例如:cool(酷),fashionable(时髦的), healthy, strong, tall, meager, smart,kind等;有些形容词属于局部描写,需要与某些身体器
官搭配使用,例如:round face, deep-set eyes(深陷的双眼),red
cheeks(红色的面颊), crooked nose(鹰钩鼻子),pointed chin(尖下巴),big mouth, even teeth
(平整的牙齿),blonde hair(金发), curly hair(卷发), sunburned skin(晒黑的皮肤)等。
2.生理特征的描写和人格特征的描写
以上与人体器官搭配的形容词都属于生理特征描写。但除了生理描写外,我们也可以描写人的性格特征,例如:generous
(慷慨的),modest(谦虚的),honest, serious, obstinate(固执的), self-conceited(自负的),kind-hearted(善良的)等
3.单个形容词和复合形容词
有些形容词由单个词构成,例如:tall, short, fat, thin slim
;有些形容词由两、三个词共同构成,成为复合形容词,例如:snow-white(雪白的),suntanned(黝黑的),ordinary-looking(相貌平平的)warm-hearted(热心的)等。
4.常用于人物描写的语法结构
系动词+形容词或名词
【例句】My brother is tall and handsome.He is tall and sturdy(强壮).The boy is extremely bright.My mother is thrifty with money.As a child, he is meager(瘦的)and weak.The old man looks thin.He looks old and his hair is all white.The girl tends to be jealous of those who make greater progre.形容词+名词
【例句】a serious –looking face a grey –haired woman
a wrinkled face a bad temper
a pretty girl a timid boy
Tom has a strong body and high intelligence.动词+副词
【例句】live happily;work actively
介词+名词
【例句】of medium build;of great wisdom
5.描写人物的基本原则
1)描写要具体,避免笼统化,应注重细节描写,体现人物的音容笑貌。在实践中,学习者要避一些泛泛而谈的词,例如:awful, bad,beautiful, fine, good, great, interesting, lovely, nice, pretty,wonderful等。好的描写需要注意具体的细节,所以用词要具体化。
【例句】He was thin, short, and dark.His hair was like a bundle of straw.His
dirty clothes and tired look were clearly signs of a long travel.His
clothes were made of cheap cloth.The coat was too short and the trousers
too loose.And he wore a pair of rubber shoes, which were very
unfashionable.He did not look smart at all.2)生理特征描写应与人物的性格、思想和要表达的情感相结合,并通过具体的事例得以体现,表现出人物的特性和特征。
【例句】Most Jewish women of her age were sickly, weak, broken in body.But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, poeed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors.His gaunt, expreive face was dominated by piercing eyes, conveying a mixture of intensity and repose, of warine and calm self-confidence.He wore an immaculately tailored gray coat, at once simple and elegant.He moved gracefully and with dignity, filling a room tot by his physical dominance but by his air of controlled tension, steely discipline, and self-control.As if he were a boiled spring.He conveyed an easy casualne, which, however, did not deceive the careful observer.The quick smile, the comprehending expreion that made clear that he understood English even without translation, the palpable alertne, were clearly the features of a man who had had burned into him by a searing half-century the vital importance of
self-poeion.Function and Structure 1.It is important to learn how to say thanks and how to show your appreciation the proper way.Here are some tips: At a party—Take your cue from the host.If he went to the trouble to mail an invitation, send him a note in return.Receiving a Gift—If you thank a person profusely(极多地)after receiving a gift, it’s not neceary to send a note—so it makes you look extra-clay when you do.A busine Function—If you’ve been at a formal busine meeting and want to thank potential clients or busine partners, type a paper note.If the event is a lunch or social function, write it by hand.2.In busine, it is customary to expre appreciation to people who help your company succeed.In fact, the absence of a ―thank you‖ may be misunderstood to mean the effort was not appreciated.Thanking customers has always been very effective for building royalty, demonstrating corporate commitment to service, generating referral busine and differentiating a
busine from the rest.There are a variety of ways to expre gratitude.The way in which you thank your customers does not have to cost a lot of money and nothing says ―you are important‖ like a handwritten note.A short handwritten note has the power of personal engagement and high impact.It’s a small gesture but keeps customers coming back.Inside a busine, when a bo wants to motivate his or her employees, a simple ―thank you‖ also works best.A smart employer knows it well that frequent recognition of accomplishments is the best way to encourage employees.Homework 1.Vocabulary 2.Grammar 3.Reading Summary In this unit, students have known main content of this unit.After cla, students should learn more details.
第10篇:精读教案6
Unit 6 Jewelry
Teaching Time: six periods Part I Pre-learning I.Teaching Aims
By the end of this leon, students should be able to: A.Know the general knowledge about different kinds of Jewelry as well as diamond.B.Learn to use the communicative skill of “making an apology”.C.Master the use of article.D.Grasp the words or phrases related to diamond.II.Teaching Important and Difficult Points Cultural Background
A.Different kinds of jewels:(precious)stones: a rare and valuable kind of mineral.宝石
gem: a pearl of mineral that has been cut and polished for use as an
ornament.宝石,珠宝
ruby: a bright red precious stone.红宝石
sapphire: a kind of transparent precious stone of a bright blue color.蓝宝石
emerald: a bright green precious stone.祖母绿,绿宝石
opal: a precious stone which looks like milky water with colors in it.蛋白石,猫眼石
jade: a precious, usually green stone from which ornaments or jewelry are
made.玉,翡翠
amber: a yellowish brown hard clear substance used for ornaments or
jewelry.琥珀
jet: a hard, black material that can be made to shine brightly used to
make ornaments.黑玉
topaz: a transparent yellowish mineral.黄晶,黄玉
pearl: a hard round small silvery-white ma formed inside the shell of
shellfish.珍珠
B.Diamonds Diamond(金刚石,钻石)is a clear, very hard and valuable stone, used in jewelry
and in industry, for example, a diamond engagement ring.It is the
birthstone of April and anniversary gemstone for the 10th and 60th years
of marriage.Diamond was discovered in 500 B.C.in India.The name
“diamond” comes from the Greek word “adamas” which means unconquerable---
suggesting the eternity(永恒)of love.Since ancient Greece diamond has
been the traditional symbol of love.The ancients believed they were
hardened dew(露水)drops, splinters(碎片)from the stars or crystallized
lighting.A diamond, the hardest substance known to man, is a crystallized
carbon which has unique powers of light reflection.Because it is composed
of a single element, a diamond is the purest of all gemstones.Diamond is
a colorle stone.Some other occasional colors are: blue, yellow, amber
(琥珀色的), red, green, pink.C.World production of natural diamonds World natural diamond production for 2003 has been estimated at a total of
144 million carats(1.克拉: 宝石重量单位=200毫克 2.开: 黄金纯度单位, 纯金为24开)with a value
of US$ 9.4 billion.About 20% of this volume are gems, which will be
polished and set into diamond jewelry and 45% are near-gems, which would
have been graded as industrial 40 years ago but are now polished by the
vast low-cost Indian cutting industry.The balance is of industrial
quality.DeBeers is the largest diamond miner in the world.Its mines in
Botswana, South Africa, Namibia and Tanzania produced 41%(US$ 3.9
billion)by value or 31% by caratage(43.9 million carats)of the world’s
2003 production.The company’s marketing arm, the Diamond Trading
company(DTC), sold 48% of world total production---a steep fall from the
recent past when(in 2000)the company’s market share was about 60% and
the 1970s and 1980s when it was 80%.In 2003, Canada’s Northwest
Territories mines produced 11.2 million carats, 7.5% of the world total by
weight, worth an estimated value of US$ 1024 billion, which is over 12% of
the world total by value, making Canada the third largest producer of
diamond in the world, behind Bostwana and Ruia, surpaing South Africa
and Angola.A large production of the gem-quality diamond produced by both
the mines in the NWT is in the range of high color and quality, and in
sizes that are most in demand in the world’s leading consumer market, the
USA.Botswana was again the world’s number one diamond-producing country
in 2003 terms of value(estimated at US$ 2.48 billion)and only marginally
behind Australian in carats mined(30.4 million carats).South Africa
contributed an estimated 12.4 million carats to the world’s total
production, which represents about 11% by value(US$ 1.1 billion), 96% of
which comes from mines owned by DeBeers.Namibia now recovers about half
of its diamonds from mining the sea bed with the remainder being found on
its beaches, which have been swept for alluvial diamonds since 1908.The
stones are high in average value, though small in average size.Ruia is
the world’s number two producer of diamonds.All the mines are situated in
the Western Yakuti(西伯利亚的雅库特地区), and are owned by the state company
Alrosa.In Ruia, half of the rough output is currently sold for
polishing and half is exported.Part II Teaching Procedure Reading I I.Key Language Points 1.jewelry: n.“Jewel” is a countable noun, meaning a valuable stone, such as a diamond,while “jewelery” is an uncountable noun, meaning small things that you
wear for decoration, such as bracelets(手镯), rings, earrings or necklaces
made of precious metals set with gems(宝石)or imitation gems.“Jewellery”
is British English spelling, and in American English it is spelt as
“jewelry”.As it is uncountable, we need to use words such as “a piece of”
or “a lot of” with it if the quantity is mentioned.【例句】a piece of jewelry She wears a lot of gold jewelry.2.to do with: be related to something, or be involved with something 【例句】Their conversation had been largely to do with work.他们谈论的话题主要是和工作有关的事情。
I’m sorry about the accident, but it’s nothing to do with me.出现这样的事故,我感到很遗憾,但我与这事没有一点关系。
This question doesn’t have anything to do with the main topic of the
survey.这个问题和调查的主题没有任何关系。
3.as had been this father: In this sentence, “as” is used to introduce a
non-restrictive attributive clause.This usage is frequently found in
English.【例句】Fred, as might be expected, was attending the conference.像大家预期的那样,弗雷德当时参加了会议。
He is absent, as is often the case.他迟到了,这是经常发生的事情。
When used to introduce attributive clause, as is more often found together
with “such” or “same”.【例句】Such women as knew Tom thought he was charming.认识汤姆的女士都认为他很有魅力。
I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他告诉我的这些故事。
You must show my wife the same respect as you show me.你要像尊敬我一样尊敬我的妻子。
She knew he felt just the same as she did.她知道他和自己有同样的感受。
4.be true of / for: something that is true of a group of people relates
to all the people in that group 适用于;符合于
【例句】Parents of young children often become depreed, and this is
especially true of single parents.孩子很小的父母亲们经常情绪低落,那些单亲家长们更是如此。
I’m very sorry that you’ve decided to leave, and I am sure that holds true
for everyone else here.你决定离去,我感到很难过,我相信,这里的每个人都会如此。
5.in particular: especially 【例句】I noticed his eyes in particular, because they were such an unusual
color.我特别注视着他的眼睛,因为他的眼睛的颜色非同寻常。
6.be cut out for sth./to do sth.: to be naturally well suited for sth.天然适合于(有做...的天赋,很相配)【例句】I am not cut out for city life.我不适合在城市生活。
I am not cut out for teaching / politics.我不适合当老师/搞政治。
7.be apprenticed to: to be an apprentice to sb.成为学徒
【例句】She was apprenticed to a plumber.她曾学徒做过管道工。
Bill didn’t go to college, now that he was apprenticed to a carpenter.贝尔没有去上大学,因为他学徒做了木匠。
The boy was apprenticed to a carpenter.这个男孩被送去学木匠。
[相关词]apprentice n.学徒, 实习生
【例句】My grandfather learnt shoe-making as an apprentice to a master
craftsman.我祖父跟一位大师傅当学徒,学会了制鞋。
He began his career as an apprentice.他以当学徒开始他的职业生涯。
8.intuition: n.instinctive knowing(without the use of rational
procees)直觉
【例句】My intuition told me he wasn’t to be trusted.直觉告诉我他不值得信任。She had an intuition that her friend was ill.她有一种直觉:她的朋友病了。
I had a sudden intuition about the miing jewels.我凭直觉突然对失去的珠宝有所感知。
9.tension:
1)n.the amount of a force stretching something 张力;拉力
【例句】This wire will take 50 pounds tension before breaking.这根金属线在断裂之前能承受五十磅的张力。
The tension was so great that the rope broke.绳子拉得太紧绷断了。
2)n.mental strain;excitement 心理紧张;兴奋
【例句】We feel some tension before we take an exam.考试之前,我们觉得有点紧张。
Tension mounted as we waited for the exam results to be
published.我们在等待公布考试结果时气氛越来越紧张。
3)n.an anxious, untrusting, and perhaps dangerous condition in the
relationship between people, countries, etc.(一般用复数)紧张关系;紧张局势
【例句】The border dispute has been a continuing source of tension.边界争端一直是紧张局势的根源。
10.split: vi./vt.to divide into separate parts 分裂, 分开
【例句】He spent the whole morning splitting the wood.他整个一上午都在劈柴。
Disagreements split the party into rival factions.意见分歧使该党分裂为对立的几派。
The huge tree split when struck by lightning.这棵大树遭雷击时被劈开了。
The old farm has been split up into house lots.这古老的农场已被划分为一块块的宅地。
11.take one’s time:
1)to take more time than is reasonable 拖拉,慢吞吞
【例句】The old lady took her time as she walked up the steps.这位老太太慢慢地爬上楼梯。
2)to use as much time as is neceary, not hurry不慌不忙,从容。
【例句】Please take your time, there is no rush.你慢慢来,没有关系,并不急。
12.choosy: adj.picky;difficult to please 挑剔的;难伺候的[相关搭配] be choosy about: be particular about 对„挑剔
【例句】She's very choosy about who she goes out with.她愿意和谁幽会不愿意和谁幽会是很挑剔的。
He is very choosy about what he eats.他对吃的东西非常讲究。
She is particular about what she eats.她过分讲究吃。
13.irritate: 1)vt.to make angry or impatient 激怒,使烦躁
【例句】 His letter irritated me a little.他的信使我有点恼火。
2)vt.make part of the body a little hurt or uncomfortable 刺激;使难受
【例句】The cigarette smoke irritates my eyes.香烟的烟雾刺得我眼睛难受。
[相关词]
irritation n.the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed
激怒;生气,恼怒
【例句】He could not hide his irritation that he had not been invited.他无法掩饰因未被邀请而生的气恼。
irritable adj.easily annoyed 易怒的,急躁的【例句】The old man is an irritable person.那个老人是个易怒的人。
14.bachelor:
1)n.an unmarried man 未婚男子;单身汉
【例句】He remained a bachelor all his life.他终生未娶
2)n.[C] 学士
【例句】a Bachelor of Arts文学士(略作 BA,B.A.,A.B.)a Bachelor of Medicine医学士(略作B.M.)a Bachelor of Science理学士(略作 B.S)
bachelor’s degree 学士学位
15.in someone’s stead: in someone’s place;instead of someone(正式)代替某人
【例句】She asked me to attend the meeting in her stead 她要我替她去参加会议。
I can't attend the meeting but I'll send my aistant in my stead.这个会我来不了, 我让助手代我出席。
16.in communion with:(formal)in special relationship with someone or
something which makes you feel that you understand them very well 与...有联络,有共同利害关系
【例句】He lived in close communion with nature/ God.他与大自然为伴。
[相关词] commune v.to get very close to someone or something by exchanging feeling
or thoughts 与...建立密切关系(with)
【例句】I often walk by the sea to commune with nature.我常在海滨漫步,与大自然神交。
17.fall apart: to break(into piece)分裂;破碎;崩溃
【例句】My car is falling apart.我的汽车要散架了。
Their marriage finally fell apart.他们的婚姻终于破裂了。
She fell apart completely, crying like a baby.她完全崩溃了,哭得像个孩子。
18.an odd chance that… unusual: “that” here is an adverb of degree, which
means “so” or “to such a degree”.【例句】It wasn’t that good, actually.事实上,没有那么好。
Is the problem that easy? 问题有那么简单吗? He knows only that much.他只知道那么多。
I was that angry I could have hit him.我十分生气, 简直想揍他。
19.infect:
1)vt.to fill(sb.’s mind or spirit)with feelings(感情上)感染(别人)
【例句】She infected the whole cla with her laughter.她的笑声感染了全班同学。Her cheerful spirits and bubble laughter infect the whole cla.她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班。
2)vt.(of disease)to get into the body of someone, often through the
air(疾病)感染/传染(别人)
【例句】The open wound soon became infected.裸露的伤口很快就受到了感染。
[相关搭配] be infected with
【例句】I was infected with a bad cold by my brother.我哥哥把重感冒传染给我。
[相关词] infection n.传染
【例句】He suffered from a lung infection.他肺部受到了感染。
infectious adj.传染性的【例句】Their enthusiasm was infectious.他们的热情有感染力。
Flu is an infectious disease characterized by fever, aches and pains and
exhaustion.流感是一种传染病,其特征是发热、全身疼痛和疲乏无力。
20.destined: adj.intended in advance or by fate 注定的;命中注定的;预定的【例句】He was destined never to meet her again.命运注定他再也见不到她。
The man is destined for succe.这个人注定要成功的。
It was destined that they would marry.他们结婚是缘分。
[相关词] destiny n.fate.命运;天数;天命
【例句】a master of one's own destiny 掌握自己的命运的人
It was his destiny to die in a foreign country.他注定要客死异国。
Your destiny is interwoven with mine.你的命运已和我的命运结合在一起了。
II.Difficult Sentences 1)His father was to do with diamonds, as had been his father.要点:The job his(Ephraim’s)father did is about diamonds, and his
grandfather did this job too.这类似于下面结构的用法,so+ 助动词/ be动词/ 情态动词+主语
【例句】 He is a teacher, so was his father.他是老师,他的父亲也曾是。
译文:他父亲从事的工作与钻石有关,他的祖父也是这样。
2)To cut a diamond perfectly is an act like a samurai’s sword-thrust, or
a master archer’s centered arrow.要点:This sentence means: If a samurai intends to make a correct thrust at
his rival with his sword or a master archer wants to shot an arrow in the
center of the target without miing it, perfect skills are needed.Likewise, splitting a diamond perfectly also needs excellent skills.译文:要完美的切割钻石,就像武士准确地刺向自己的对手,高明的弓箭手每次都射中
靶心一样,需要高超的技艺。
3)When an important diamond is shaped a man may spend a week …will split
it exactly so.要点:In this long sentence, the structure “spend„(in)doing sth.” is used
and the word “moment” is modified by the attributive clause introduced by
“when”.译文:当打造一颗重要的钻石时,一个人可能要花一周甚至几周时间去研究它,要集中所有的记忆、直觉和注意力,直到最后确定用恰如其分的轻敲力才会将原石准确地按需要分开。
4)He was the son who took his time about getting married, and about…… who
refused to fulfill the ordinary purpose of nature.要点:This sentence means: He(Ephraim)was such a person who didn’t want to
marry early and not paid more attention to what his family members said,sometimes jokingly, about his unwillingne to get married soon because he
was choosy.But when other people spoke of him with a sharp tone, the
family members had nothing to say.Why those people blamed him with such a
harmful, threatened tune was that they felt very angry when people like
Ephraim refused to get married and have children.译文:他总是不把结婚放在心上,对于家人开玩笑说是太挑剔了,他也不太在意。当别人生气地,有时恶意地,甚至用威胁的语气谈到此事时,他的家人无话可说。人们之所以这样说是因为像Ephraim
这样不想结婚养孩子的行为让他们感到生气。
5)Nothing was expected of him.要点:His family members didn’t expect him to make any great achievements in
his career.expect sb./sth.of sth.期望(某人);指望(某人)
【例句】I wouldn’t have expected such rudene of you.我没有想到你这样粗鲁。
Don’t expect too much of his idea.别指望他能有什么好主意。
译文:他的家人并不指望他能在工作上有任何大的作为。
6)He should have flown home again;but the merchant asked him to dinner.要点:“should have + V-ed” refers to obligation unfulfilled, that is, an
action which should take place in the past was actually not performed.【例句】You should have switched off the electric current.你本应该把电源切断。
译文:他本打算再坐飞机回到家去,但这位商人邀请他一起共进晚餐。
III. Structure of Reading I Part I(Paragraph 1-2)Introduction: The trade of diamond-cutting by mentioning the man called
Ephraim.1)Ephraim’s family was to do with the diamonds.2)Stating that Diamond-cutting needs excellent skills by comparing it to
a samurai’s sword-thrust and a master archer’s centered-arrow.Part II(Paragraph 3-5)
Ephraim’s experience of succeful cutting a diamond for a rich
merchant made his skill known and he became a master diamond-cutter.Reading II 1.Notes 1.deposit:
1)n.first payment for something 存款, 定金
【例句】a bank deposit银行存款 demand deposit 活期存款
You must pay a deposit if you want to reserve the room.你要预订房间,就得先付定金。
2)n.something deposited 矿层, 堆积物;储量
【例句】diamond deposit钻石储量
deposit of crude oil原油储量
The country is short of known deposits of coal.这个国家缺少已知的煤矿矿床。There are rich deposits of gold in those hills.在那些山里有一些富金矿。
3)v.put something somewhere to keep it safe 放下, 寄存, 存放
【例句】You may deposit your case in the left luggage office.你可以把手提箱存放在寄存处。
4)v.沉淀;堆放;沉积
【例句】When the River Nile is in flood, it deposits a layer of mud on the
fields.尼罗河泛滥时, 便在田野上沉积一层泥。
2.Kimberley: a city in the central Republic of South Africa, famous for
its diamond mines.It is called Diamond City and still thought of as the
diamond capital of the world.金伯利市(南非)
3.extensive: adj.large in amount, area or range 广泛的,深远的;广阔的【例句】extensive knowledge广博的知识 extensive reading泛读
We had fairly extensive discuions.我们进行了相当广泛的讨论。
They own extensive land by the ocean.他们拥有海边的辽阔土地。
4.Siberia: a vast region of northeast Ruia, extending from the Ural
Mountains(乌拉尔山脉)to the Pacific(太平洋)西伯利亚
5.crystal: n.a transparent(透明的)natural mineral that looks like ice 水晶
6.crystalline: adj.made of crystals 水晶的, 透明的, 结晶性的【例句】crystalline carbon水晶碳
crystalline rocks水晶岩
7.individual
1)adj.for one person or thing only 单独的;个别的【例句】individual economy 个体经济
A teacher can't give individual attention to each pupil if his cla is
large.如果班上的人数多,老师就不能给予个别辅导了。
2)adj.独特的;个性的, 有特性的【例句】The model has an individual way of dreing.这个模特儿有着独特的穿衣方式。
3)n.each person, by himself, not with others 个人;个体
【例句】Exceptions can not be made for individuals.对个人不能有例外。
8.boart: n.(also called bort or bortz)a quantity of low-quality
diamonds and small fragments, valuable only in crushed or powdered(粉未状的)form 圆粒金刚石
9.carbonado: n.a maive black variety of diamond, found chiefly near
Salvador(萨尔瓦多[拉丁美洲]), Brazil, and formerly used for drilling and other
cutting purposes 黑金刚石
10.cluster: n.number of things of the same kind growing closely
together串;束,簇;群,组
【例句】There was a little cluster of admirers around the actre.女演员周围拥着一小群崇拜者。
11.polish: 1)n.光泽, 优雅, 精良
【例句】A hot plate will spoil the polish on this table.热盘子会毁坏桌面的光泽。
2)v.抛光, 磨光, 擦亮;使精练(优美),润饰(文章)【例句】polish shoes 擦鞋
He polished his spectacles with a handkerchief before answering.回答之前, 他用手帕擦拭了一下眼镜。
The speaker spent several days polishing her lecture.演讲者花了几天时间润饰她的演讲稿。
12.revolving: adj.cause to move by turning over or in a circular manner
of as if on an axis 旋转的, 周转的, 循环的【例句】a revolving door 旋转门
I think they are using a revolving stage.我想他们用一种旋转舞台。
[相关词] revolve: v.turn on or around an axis or a center 旋转,考虑,循环
【例句】My life revolves around my job.我的工作是我生活的中心。
The earth revolves round the sun.地球环绕太阳运行。
13.bore:
1)v.to make someone feel tired;not to be interesting 使烦扰
【例句】He bores me with his endle tales.他那讲不完的故事使我厌烦。He bored us all by talking for hours about his new house.他连续几个小时大谈他的新房子,使我们大家都厌烦透了。
2)v.make a narrow, round, deep hole 钻孔
【例句】The worker bored a hole through the board.工人在木板上钻了一个孔。
[相关词] boring adj.dull;not interesting
【例句】I found the talk very boring.我觉得那次讲话非常没意思。
bored adj.not interested;unhappy because you have nothing interesting to
do 厌烦的【例句】The teacher went over the same point so often that the children were
bored.那位教师对同一问题讲了又讲,讲得孩子们都烦了。
14.cleave: v.separate or cut with a tool, such as a sharp instrument 劈开;
把„分成若干块
[相关词] cleavage n.split or division;line along which material such as rock or
wood splits.裂缝;分开
15.respective: adj.各自的,各个的【例句】He drove them both to their respective homes.他驾车把他们分别送到家里。
The three men were given work according to their respective abilities.这三个人根据各自的能力被分配了工作。
[相关词] respectively adv.各自地,分别地
【例句】The salesclerks and the teachers got pay rises of 6% and 9%
respectively.店员和教师的工资分别增加百分之六和百分之九。
16.take on: 1)accept a job;promise to do something 承担, 接受
【例句】The doctor says I'm too tired and has advised me not to take any more
work on.医生说我太疲劳了,并劝我不要承担更多的工作。
2)呈现出
【例句】Her eyes took on a hurt expreion.她的眼里流露出受委屈的神情。
3)employ;hire;engage 雇用
【例句】He was taken on by a factory as a worker.他被一家工厂录用当工人。
17.diamond-faced: 表面装有金刚石的或钻石的-faced: having a face or facing especially of a specified kind or number
(often used in combination)(常用以构成复合词)具有...脸型的, 有...表面的, 有...贴边的【例句】 sad-faced 一脸悲伤的 rough-faced 表面粗糙的II.Difficult Sentences 1)Some of the earliest diamonds known came from India.要点:Some of the earliest diamonds which are known to people/ which people
have known came from India.Known一词作后置定语,修饰diamonds.过去分词(短语)作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has
ever been written).这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
Who were the so-called guests invited(=who had been invited)to
your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀? 文中同样的用法还有第三段句子The name “boart” is given to...material already mentioned.及第七段第一句中mention的用法。
译文:我们已知的最早的钻石中的一部分产自印度。
2)Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle like those you
see on a ring---they just look like small, blue-grey stones.要点:The diamonds don’t give out bright light as a ring does until/ before
they are cut and polished.---It looks like they are just ordinary small ,blue-grey stones.In this sentence, the structure “not „until„” is used.直到„才
【例句】I didn't leave the boy until his mother turned up.直到这孩子的母亲来,我才离开。
The noise of the street didn't stop until it was midnight.街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。
当not until位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+...。如: 【例句】Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会。
not until的强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+...。上面两句改为强调句为: 【例句】It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped
talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止谈话。
It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.直到下个星期运动会才举行。
译文:钻石在切割和打磨以前,不会像你看到的戒指那样熠熠闪光。他们看起来就像是普通的兰灰色的小石块。
3)However, a revolutionary change in the methods of …..a swiftly
revolving wheel with its edge faced with fine diamond powder.要点:这个句子中 “ with its edge faced with fine diamond powder”
是with的复合结构用法。通常用作状语,也可作定语。即 with + n/pron + adj./ adv./ n./分词/不定式/介词短语
文中用的是过去分词短语faced with fine diamond power.“be faced with” 面临。
【例句】We are faced with a lot of problems but we'll win through in the end.我们面临许多问题, 但终将获得成功。
【例句】He left the room with the door open.(adj.)门开着,他就离开了屋子。
With Tom away, I always feel lonely.(adv.)汤姆不在,我一直感觉孤独。
The fellow stood there with his hands croed.(participle)这个家伙两手交叉,站在那里。
The old man looks down upon everyone, with his son chairman of the
company.(n.)因为他儿子是公司的主席,这个老头瞧不起任何人。
With so many problems to settle, the new manager was too worried to eat
anything.(infinitive)有着太多问题去处理,新经理担忧的吃不下任何东西。
The woman with a diamond necklace around the neck must be wealthy.(prepositional phrase)那个脖子上带项链的女人一定很有钱。
译文:但是在1476年,钻石的切割和打磨方法发生了革命性的变化,当时,比利时布鲁斯市的Lugwig Van
Berquen发明了使用高速旋转的金刚石镶边的齿轮切割和打磨钻石的方法。
4)Every diamond has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be
split by a sharp blow with a cutting edge.要点: 本句是“介词+关系代词”的用法。“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to
at, of, without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which, whose.不可用 that
。介词的选择受上下文的制约。在结合语意的基础上,可以从下面几个角度判断该用什么介词。
看先行词与哪一个介词是习惯“介 + 名 ” 搭配的。
【例句】This is the factory in which he works.(in the factory 在工)
这就是他工作的那个工厂。
看定语从句中的动词是与哪一个介词形成习惯“动 + 介” 搭配。
【例句】The car on which he spent 40,000 Yuan is made in Nanjing.(spend money
on sth.)The car for which he paid 40,000 Yuan is made in Nanjing.(pay money for
sth.)
他花4万块钱买到那辆车是产自南京。
既要看定语从句中的动词,又要看先行词有何习惯“动 + 介 + 名”搭配。
【例句】I don't know the student with whom Mary quarreled yesterday.(quarrel
with sb.)
我不认识昨天和玛丽争吵的那位学生。
译文:每一个钻石都有一道天然的裂缝,沿着这条裂缝,用切割刀口使劲一击就可以把钻石分开。
Word Study 1.reveal
基本用法
1)vt.make known(something previously secret or unknown)揭示;揭露;泄露
【例句】He never revealed his secret.他从来不泄露自己的秘密。
He didn't want to reveal his real feelings.他不想露出他的真实情感。
I promise never to reveal his secret.我答应决不泄漏他的秘密。
2)vt.to show or allow sth.to be seen 展现;显露出
【例句】These few words fully revealed her noble quality.这寥寥数语充分显示了她的高贵品质。
His genius revealed itself.他的天才(渐渐地)显露出来了。
相关搭配:
reveal a scandal 揭露丑闻
reveal a secret 揭开秘密
reveal one's identity 揭示身分
reveal the objective laws 揭开客观规律
reveal the inside story(of)揭开内幕
相关词
revelation n.the making known of some secret 展示;揭露;显露
【例句】The revelation of his scandalous past led to his resignation.他那不光彩历史的揭露导致了他的辞职。
Have you read the ex-minister's amazing revelations in the newspaper? 你看了前任部长在报上揭露的那些惊人的事实没有?
2.accumulate
基本用法
vi./ vt.get or gather together积累;集聚
【例句】Dust quickly accumulates if we don't sweep our room.我们如果不打扫房间, 灰尘很快就会积聚起厚厚的一层。
His debts accumulated.他债台高筑。
They set to work accumulating a huge ma of data.他们开始累积大量的资料。
He accumulated wealth through illegal means.他以非法的手段敛财。
By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.她由于投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。
相关搭配:
accumulated profit 累积利润 accumulated fund 积累的基金
相关词
accumulation n.积聚, 累积, 积聚物
【例句】the accumulation of useful knowledge 有用知识的积累
An accumulation of work is waiting to be done.一堆积下的工作等着要做。
The accumulation of capital refers simply to the gathering or amament of
objects of value;the increase in wealth;or the creation of wealth.资本的积累简单地说就是指有价值的东西的积累,财富的增加或创造。
3.fulfill 基本用法
1)vt.to supply or satisfy(a need, demand, or purpose)满足(需要、要求);使达到(目标)
【例句】Does your job fulfill your expectations? 你的工作符合你的期望吗?
He fulfills all the conditions for employment.他完全符合雇用的条件。
2)vt.to carry out;perform;obey 履行;执行;遵守
【例句】You must fulfill your promise.你必须履行诺言。
The doctor's instructions must be fulfilled exactly.必须一丝不苟地遵照医嘱去办。
3)vt.to make or prove to be true 应验;实现
【例句】All my dreams are fulfilled.我的所有梦想成真。
If he’s lazy, he’ll never fulfill his ambition to be a doctor.如果他很懒惰,他当医生的抱负就永远不能够实现。
相关词
fulfillment 1)n.the act of fulfilling or the state of being fulfilled 实现;完成;履行
【例句】the fulfillment of a promise 诺言的实现
After many years, his plans have come to fulfillment.很多年之后,他的计划实现了。
2)n.satisfaction after succeful efforts(经过努力而获得成功的)满足感
【例句】People find fulfillment in working for a common goal.人们在为一个共同目标而努力的过程中得到满足。
4.expect 基本用法
1)vt.to think or believe(that something will happen)预料;预期
相关搭配:
expect+ that;expect to do;expect sb.or sth.to do sth.【例句】We expected that you would succeed.我们预计你会成功的。
He expected to finish the work by March.他预期三月份完成这项工作。We didn’t expect so many people to come to the party.我们没有想到会有这么多人参加晚会。
2)vt.to think or consider that(sth.or sb.)is likely to come or
happen 认为(某人)会来;认为(某事)会发生;预计
【例句】I expect I will be back on Sunday.我预计我会在周日回来的。
3)vt.to have or expre a strong wish for(something)or that(someone)
will do something, with the feeling that this is reasonable or neceary
认为理应得到;指望;要求
【例句】Don't expect too much of him.別对他期望过高。
I expect you to be punctual.我要求你准时。
The profeor expected respect from his students.教授认为学生理应尊敬他。
You can't expect me to approve of it.你别指望我赞成。
相关词
expectant adj.waiting hopefully 期待的【例句】The expectant crowds in the streets waited patiently for the queen.街上期待的人群耐心地等待着女皇。
expectation n.the act of expecting or something that is expected 预期;预期的事物
【例句】She had high expectations of what university had to offer.她对大学所能给她提供的一切期望很高。
His parents have great expectations for his future.他父母对他的前途深寄厚望。
相关搭配:
against/ contrary to one’s expectation(s)与„„ 预料的相反
【例句】We thought Mary would pa, but against/contrary to our expectation,she didn’t.我们以为玛丽能通过,但出乎我们意料的是,她没有。
beyond expectation/ one’s expectations 出乎意料;比预料的还好
in expectation of 预料;期望[待]
come/ live up to one’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望
5.refuse
基本用法
1)vi./vt.to state one’s strong unwillingne to accept;say no(to)
拒绝;谢绝;不接受
【例句】He asked me to marry him but I refused.他向我求婚,但我拒绝了。
She refused his offer.他主动提出帮助,被她拒绝了。
2)vt.not to give or allow 拒绝;不允许
【例句】 We were refused permiion to enter.我们被拒之门外。
3)vt.to show or state strong unwillingne(to do sth.)不愿(做某事)
相关搭配:
refuse to do sth.【例句】I refuse to answer that question.我不愿回答那个问题。
相关词
refusal n.a meage refusing to accept something that is offered 拒绝;谢绝
【例句】We interpreted his silence as a refusal.我们认为他的沉默是拒绝的表示。
My request was met with a flat refusal.我的要求遭到了断然拒绝。
Grammar Focus The Use of Article 冠词的使用
冠词本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the),另一种是不定冠词a/an,还有一种是零冠词(即不用冠词)。
1.不定冠词的用法
1)表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。例如:
A Mr.Ling is waiting for you.有位姓凌的先生在等你。
2)代表一类人或物。例如:
A knife is a tool for cutting with.刀是切割的工具。
Mr.Smith is an engineer.史密斯先生是工程师。
3)组成词组或成语,如a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many /
many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short
while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of
a sudden等。
2.定冠词的用法
1)特指双方都明白的人或物。例如:
Take the medicine.把药吃了。
2)上文提到过的人或事。例如:
He bought a house.他买了幢房子。I've been to the house.我去过那幢房子。
3)指世上独一物二的事物,如the sun, the sky,the moon,the earth等。
4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人;
the living 生者。
5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面。例如:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。
That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。
6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体。例如:
They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)
7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如:
She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。
8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。例如:
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United States 美国
9)用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如:
She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。
10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。例如:
the Greens
格林一家人(或格林夫妇)
11)和形容词和分词连用,表示一类人或事物。例如
the sick the dead the old the wounded
12)用于“名词+of +名词”的结构中,表示同位关系。如: the city of Shanghai the Tower of London
13)用在惯用语中。例如:
in the day, in the morning(afternoon,evening), the day after
tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, on the whole, by
the way, go to the theatre 3.零冠词的用法
1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary。
2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词。例如:
They are teachers.他们是教师。
3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词。例如:
Failure is the mother of succe.失败乃成功之母。
4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定意思时,需要加定冠词。例如:
Man cannot live without water.离开水人就无法生存。
5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词。例如:
We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词。例如:
The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词,如have breakfast,play che。
8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词。例如:
I can't write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词,如by bus,by train。
10)
有些个体名词不用冠词,如school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,cla,town,church,court
等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。例如:
go to hospital 去医院看病
go to the hospital 去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
11)不用冠词的序数词;
a.序数词前有物主代词时。his first prize 他获得的第一个奖
b.序数词作副词。例如:He came first in the race.他跑步得了第一。
c.在固定词组中,如at(the)first, first of all, from first to last等。
Function and Structure The Art of Apology(道歉的艺术)
Most of us were taught that offering an apology, any apology, when we make
a mistake will take care of most offenses.But offering the right apology,particularly in the corporate world, is not as simple as saying, “I'm
sorry.”
Done right, an apology can enhance both reputations and relationships.Done wrong, an apology can compound the original mistake, sometimes to
disastrous consequences.Sometimes Chinese do not consider westerner’s apologies to be sincere
although the westerners involved were being sincere in the western way of
honestly and directly expreing feeling of regret.So then the question
becomes, what do the Chinese on the receiving end of the apology consider
to be sincere? The conclusion is that for an apology to be considered
sincere, it must follow a proper form.Words of regret are not always
sufficient.The person apologizing must expre a higher degree of respect
to the offended party to restore the balance in the relationship.Westerners sometimes use a cursory(草率的)apology to move past the
troublesome event and on to the next thing.This is offensive to a Chinese
who is paying attention to the form and not just the words of the apology.The westerner thinks he has done enough by saying “ I am sorry” but to the
Chinese these words are empty unle accompanied by proper communication
of respect and humility(谦恭).Generally, American apologies have one of the
following three elements, in addition to “I am sorry”:
1)an excuse---I was looking at an old map.2)an offer of repair---I’ll compensate the victims.3)a promise about future actions---It will never happen again.Chinese tend to interpret the offer of an excuse as a sign of insincerity.An excuse doesn’t improve an apology as it does for Americans;it weakens
it.So how do you build a good apology? Apologies involve three elements:
Acknowledgment of a fault or an offense, regret for it, and responsibility
for the offense.You can put them all together, but a sincere, effective
apology need not necearily expre all three;whether it should depends
on the circumstances.Here are some tips for making effective profeional
apologies.1.Find words that are clear and accurate—not provocative.A good apology
should make the person wronged think, “Yes, she understands.” Often what
the offended person wants is accountability and vigilance;he wants to
know that it won't happen again.2.Don't apologize for the wrong thing.People and institutions tend to
apologize for what they find forgivable.If there is no clear relationship
between what the offender is apologizing for and what the offended
experienced as the original wrong, the apology actually
exacerbates(使„加重/恶化)the problem.At best, the offender will seem blind to
the problem;at worst, he will be perceived as intentionally distorting
it.3.Consider the angle of approach.Decide whether it will be easier for
you to apologize position to position or person to person.If you are
angry with the person you've got to apologize to, it may be easier to
frame the apology in terms of your respective jobs or ranks.Example: “We both work for a good company, and, as your colleague, I
should try harder to see past our individual differences.I'm sorry I
spoke harshly.”
Such an apology is likely to resonate favorably with both parties, even
when anger between them remains.In other circumstances, a person-to-person apology is easier to offer.For
someone who equates an apology with lo of stature, for instance, the
person-to-person apology can appear to be a magnanimous act that does not
diminish her.Example: “I can't agree with the stance you are taking, but
I like you and want us to work well together.I'm sorry I spoke harshly.”
Choose the approach that is easier for you to do well.That will save you
from making an apology that is so grudging that it fails.4.“I want to apologize” is not an apology.It's no more an apology than
“I want to lose weight” is a lo of weight.Do the work.Deliver a clear,direct apology;don't hide behind vaguene, circumlocution, or clichés.You may not be able to control whether your apology is accepted, but you
can control its quality.So make every effort to control what you can.This will increase your chances of feeling good about what you have done
with your apology—instead of feeling bad about having to do it.Practical Reading 产品目录Catalogue(cat)的核心内容一般包括产品名称、编号、规格、型号、品质、参考零售价(RRP= Recommended Retail
Price)等信息。其中会有一些惯用的缩写。如书中第一则为例:
产品名称: 9CT GOLD SAPPHIRE AND DIAMOND RING SET 编号: Cat.No.229/1219 规格: 9CT GOLD SAPPHIRE AND DIAMOND 型号: F to V 品质: SAPPHIRE AND DIAMOND RRP: £129.99 Homework 1.Vocabulary 2.Grammar
3.Reading Summary In this unit, students have known main content of this unit.After cla, students should learn more details.
第11篇:精读教案1
Unit 1 Eentials of busine Teaching Time: six periods Part I Pre-learning I.Teaching Aims
By the end of this leon, students should be able to: A.Know what busine is and the four basic factors of production.B.Understand how to greet people and say good-bye in informal and formal situations.C.Master countable and uncountable nouns.D.Grasp the words and phrases related to busine.II.Teaching Important and Difficult Points Cultural Background A.Busine(生意)In busine English, busine means the organized effort of individuals to produce and sell, for a profit, the goods and services that satisfy society’s needs.Generally busine can mean buying or selling goods or services.That is the activity of making money by
producing or buying and selling goods, or by providing services.When it is used in this meaning, it is uncountable.It can also be used to refer to an organization such a company, shop, or factory that produces or sells goods or provides a service.When it is used in this meaning, it is countable.B.Entrepreneur(企业家)A person who risks his or her time, effort, and money to start and operate a busine is called an entrepreneur.C.Types of busine Businees are generally of three types.Manufacturing businees(or manufacturers)are organized to proce various materials into tangible goods, such as trucks or towels.Service businees produce services, such as haircuts or legal advice.And some firms------called middlemen------are organized to buy the goods produced by manufacturers and then resell them.Part II Teaching Procedure Reading I I.Key Language Points
1.relate: v.to connect 联系,涉及
[相关搭配] relate „to/with与„有关,有联系
【例句】Faced with the facts I had to relate the matter with you.面对这些事实我不得不把你和这件事联系起来。
[相关词] relation n.similarity, contrast or connection between people, things or events联系,关联,关系
【例句】There is close relation between rainfall and crop production.降雨量与农作物之间有密切的联系。
2.construct: v.build sth.;put or fit together;form 建造,建筑,构成【例句】construct a factory/ an airplane/a sentence 建工厂/造飞机/造句
[相关词] constructor n.person who constructs things建筑者,建设者
construction n.action or manner of constructing 建筑,建造的活动或方式
3.finance: v.provide money for(a project);fund 为(某计划)提供资金,提供款项
【例句】The scheme is partly financed by this company.此计划部分是由这家公司资助的。
finance company(or finance house): company that lends money for
hire-purchase transactions 信贷公司,财务公司
the Ministry of Finance 财政部
the Minister of Finance 财政部部长
[相关词]financial adj.concerning money and finance 财务的,金融的,财政的【例句】a financial magnate 金融巨头
financial circles 金融界
financial reports 会计报告
4.stock: n.[C usu pl] a portion of capital of a busine company held by an investor, share股份
[相关词]stockholder/ shareholder股东
stockbroker n.person who buys or sells stocks and shares for clients
证券经纪人;股票经纪人
stock exchange n.place where stocks and shares are publicly bought and sold
股票交易所;证券交易所
5.insurance: n.guarantee of compensation for lo, damage, sickne, etc.in return for regular payment 保险
【例句】an insurance against theft/ fire 盗窃保险/火险
personal insurance人身保险 6.secure: v.1)to make sure of getting sth.获得
【例句】He’s lucky to have secured himself such a good job.他能找到这么好的工作是幸福。
2)make safe 使安全,防护,保卫(常与against, from , to 连用)
【例句】By strengthening the river banks the city secured itself
against
flood.由于加固河堤,该城可以免遭水灾。7.distribute: vt.1)give or send out 分配,分发,配给(常与to, among 连用)
【例句】distribute the books to the students 给学生分发书本
2)spread out, scatter 分布,散步,散开(常与over连用)
【例句】Our shops are distributed all over the city.我们的商店遍布在城市的各个地方。
3)give out or deliver 分送,运送
【例句】The man had thirty parcels to be distributed at houses all over the town.这个人有30个包裹要分送全镇各家。
[相关词] distribution n.the act of distributing分配,分发
distributive adj.of or having to do with distribution分配的,分布的8.estate: n.1)a large area of land developed for a specific purpose, e.g.for houses or factories 做某种用途的地区
【例句】a housing/ trading estate 住宅区/商业区 an industrial estate 工业区
2)area of land, esp.in the country 地产,(尤指)庄园
【例句】He owns a large estate in Scotland.他在苏格兰有大量地产。
3)all the money and property that a person owns , esp.that which is left at death
个人财产,(尤指)遗产
【例句】Her estate was divided among her four children.她的遗产分给了她的四个子女。9.yield: v.1)to give, produce, bear, etc.生产,出产,生长出,结出
【例句】The tree has yielded a lot of apples this year.这棵树今年结了很多苹果。
This land yields abundantly.这块地收成很好。
2)give up, surrender 让步,让与,放弃,屈服,投降
【例句】He yielded all his poeions to the state.他把自己的所有财产都转让给了国家。
He was yielding to public preure.他屈服于舆论的压力。10.manufacture: v.1)to make goods on a large scale(尤指大量)生产
【例句】manufacture shoes 制造鞋
manufacturing industry制造业
2)invent 假造,虚构,捏造
【例句】She manufactured a false story to hide the facts.她编造瞎话以掩盖事实。
11.accomplish: v.to succeed in doing 完成【例句】He accomplished his purpose.他达到了他的目的。
[相关词]accomplished adj.完成的,达到的【例句】an accomplished fact 已成的事实
[相关词]accomplishment n.实行,完成,达到,成绩,成就 12.proce: v.1)to perform operation on(sth.)in computer(用计算机处理)【例句】data proceing equipment数据处理设备
2)a continued set of actions performed intentionally in order to reach some results 步骤,程序,过程
【例句】Unloading the cargo was a slow proce.卸货是个缓慢的过程。
in the proce 在进行中 13.conduct:
v.1)manage, direct, carry on 经营,管理,指挥
【例句】The oldest son conducts the family’s busine.由长子掌管家里的日常事务。
2)behave oneself 行为,举止
【例句】He conducted himself honestly.他为人诚恳。
3)lead or guide 指导,引导
【例句】The curator conducted the visitors round the museum.馆长领着游客们在博物馆各处参观。
n.1)moral behavior 行为,品行
【例句】His conduct in school is excellent.他在学校的品行是极好的。
2)manner of directing or managing affairs.执导,管理
【例句】under the conduct of 在„的引导下
His conduct of the busine was very succeful.他的商业经营十分成功。
14.initiate: v.1)start(sth.)working 创始,发起
【例句】This year we shall initiate a series of free concerts.今年我们将发起一系列的免费音乐会。
They initiated certain reforms.他们创始了某些改革。
2)introduce(someone)into a club, group esp.with a special
ceremony
以正式方式介绍加入
【例句】We were initiated into a sports club by one of the members.一位老会员以正式仪式介绍我们加入体育运动俱乐部。
[相关词] initiation n.创始,开始
initiative adj.主动的,起始的,初步的15.innovative: adj.make changes, bring in sth.new or new ways of doing
things革新,变革:(常与 on, upon 或in连用)
[相关词] innovation n.改革,革新
innovational adj.革新的,富有革新精神的innovative, innovatory adj.tending to innovate, characterized by
innovation 革新的,创新的,富于革新精神的innovator n..革新者,创新者
【例句】innovative behavior革新的行动
Inventors are innovative people.发明者都是富于革新精神的人。
innovate in techniques 在工艺上革新
innovate upon religious forms革新宗教形式
These are innovations in methods of teaching.这些都是教学方法上的改革。
16.profit: 1)n.money gained by busine 收益,利润,赢利
【例句】How much profit did you make? 你获多少利润?
2)n.advantage or benefit gained from sth.益处,好处
【例句】What profit is there in worrying? 担忧有何益处?
There is no profit in such pursuits.做这种事情徒劳无益。
3)vt.be of use or advantage to sth.or sb.有利于,有益于
【例句】It’ll not profit you to start an argument.引起争论对你不利。
4)vi.learn or gain advantage from 得利,获益(常与by, from连用)
【例句】I profited by/ from the deal.我在那笔交易中获利。
He profited greatly from his year abroad.他在国外的一年获益匪浅。
[相关词] profitable adj.1)yielding profit 有利可图的,有赢利的【例句】profitable busine 有利可图的买卖
2)resulting in advantage 有益的,有用的【例句】His advice was profitable to all of us.他的建议对我们大家都有好处。
profitle adj.无益的,无利可图的,没有好处
profitably adv.有利地,赢利地,有益地
17.relate…to/with:
1)relate sth.to /with sth.connect(two things)in thought or meaning;
aociate sth.with sth.else(在思想上或意义上)将(两事物.)联系起来;将某事物与另一事物相联系
【例句】It is difficult to relate cause and effect in this case.这个案件中的动机与效果很难联系起来。
People relate high wages to/with high consumption.人们把高收入和高消费联系起来。
2)relate to sb./sth.be connected with sb./sth.else;refer to sb./sth.与某人[某事物]有关;涉及某人[某事物] 【例句】Wealth is seldom related to happine.财富鲜与幸福相关。
Statements relating to his resignation 与他辞职一事有关的说法
18.refer to:
1)mention, speak of , be directed towards 提及`,谈到,指
【例句】He doesn’t like anyone referring to his wooden leg.他不喜欢任何人提及他那条木制的假腿。
The new law doesn’t refer to land used for farming.这条新法令并非指农用土地。
2)look for information or help参考,引用,查询,查阅
【例句】If I’m not sure how to spell a word, I refer to a dictionary.若拿不准一个单词的拼法,我便查阅词典。
19.be extracted from: to take sth.from sth.else 从„„中提取
【例句】Oil can be extracted from olive.油可自橄榄中榨取。
A miner extracts gold from earth.矿工从泥土里提取黄金。
Some sentences are extracted from grammar books.一些句子可从语法书中摘取。
20.be responsible for: to have the duty of looking after sth.对„„负责; 负责某事
【例句】He is not primarily responsible for it.他对这事不负主要责任。
directly responsible for 对„„ 直接负责
hold sb responsible for 使某人负担„的责任
make oneself responsible for 负起„的责任
21.decide on: consider and come to a conclusion;make up one’s mind
做出决定(选定某物)
【例句】After seeing so many candidates we have decided on this one.我们见了所有的候选人,决定选这位。
decide against: 决定反对„,做出不利于„的决定
decide against changing the job 决定不改变工作
22.distribute…to/among: separate sth.into parts and give a share to each
person or thing;give or send out 分配,分发,配给
【例句】He distributed the food to the hungry people.他把食物分给饥饿的人。
Mother distributed the candy among the children.母亲把糖果分给孩子们。
23.pay for:
1)to give money for 为„什么而付钱
【例句】They tried to leave the restaurant without paying for their
meal.他们不付钱就要溜走。
How much did you pay for your house? 你们买房花了多少钱?
2)suffer or be punished for sth.为某事是苦头或受惩罚。
【例句】I’ll make him pay for his insolence!他蛮横无礼,我要让他尝尝苦头。
He paid much for his own dishonesty.他为自己的不诚实付出了巨大的代价。
II.Difficult Sentences 1)Other forms of busine include merchandising, which is the selling of
products, and providing various services, such as accounting,distributing, and repairs.要点:本句的主语是other forms of busine谓语动词是
include;
include后跟了两个宾语merchandising和providing various services而which is the
selling of products为定语从句,修饰merchandising;such as accounting,distributing, and repairs也是定语,举例说明前面的various services.译文:其他形式的生意包括出售产品之类的买卖和提供诸如会计,分配和修理等不同形式的服务。
2)It refers not only to a piece of real estate where we might build a
factory, but it also means all the raw materials used for production.要点:本句由but连接一个并列句,在句中又由not only„„ but also这一结构连接两个并列的谓语动词refer
to和means。where we might build a factory做定语,修饰a piece of real estate;
在后面的句子中used为过去分词做定语修饰前面的raw
materials, 可以把它改成定语从句which are used for
production。
译文:土地不仅指我们可以建造房子的一块地,也指用于生产的所有原材料。
3)Therefore, to a certain extent the next factor, capital, can be used to
replace labor or reduce the amount of physical and mental labor that
humans have to use in order to conduct busine.要点:to a certain extent: to a certain degree达到某程度
or在本句中连接两个并列的谓语动词replace 和reduce;that humans have to use in order to
conduct busine 为定语从句,修饰前面的physical and mental labor。
译文: 因此,某种程度上,下一个要素-资本,可以用来取代劳动或者减少为了经营生意,人类不得不花费的体力和脑力劳动的量。
4)He must be able to decide on the value of things that other
people
invent, whether it is a new toy, a new method of filing, or a new way of
advertising.要点:decide on/upon: 对„„作出决定
【例句】They have decided on/upon building a reservoir there.他们决定要在那里建一座水库。
句中whether it is a new toy ,a new method of filing, or a new way of
advertising shi 是名词性从句,修饰前面的things.译文:他必须能够决定其他人发明出来的东西的价值,不管它是一个新玩具,一种新的文件归档的方法或者是一种新的广告宣传方式。
5)It is hard for the employees who may have to seek work elsewhere;the
customers must look for another place to buy the products;creditors
usually lose some of the money to the company.要点:本句是由三个句子组成的并列句,具体解释了前面的it causes problems for many people.译文:对于那些不得不在其他地方找工作的员工们来说,这是一件难事;顾客们必须寻找另外一个地方购买产品;债权人通常也会从这个公司失去一些钱。
III.Structure of Reading I Part I(Paragraph 1)Introduction: What is Busine?
Busine is the activity of producing and distributing goods and services.This paragraph explains the definition of busine through three ways: 1)Busine includes the production of goods.2)Busine can also provide the finance for production activities.3)Busine also includes merchandising products and providing various
services.Part II(Paragraph 2-8)
Explanation of the four basic factors of production 1)(Paragraph 2)It introduces the four basic factors of production: land,labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.2)(Paragraph 3)It explains what land is: land not only refers to a piece
of real estate, it also means all the raw materials for production
extracted from the land, the air, and the oceans.3)(Paragraph 4-5)These two paragraphs explain what labor is: labor
refers to the use of mental or physical work to produce goods.(1)In industrialized countries, labor is generally more mental than
physical.(2)In other countries, robots and other forms of data proceing
equipment perform many jobs requiring a lot of mental labor in the past.4)(Paragraph 6)It explains what capital means: Capital refers to
anything that helps to produce and distribute goods.(1)Generally capital means wealth or money.(2)It also means the equipment that money purchases, eg.tools, machines
and buildings.5)(Paragraph 7-8)These two paragraphs explain what entrepreneurship is:
Entrepreneurship refers to some activities conducted by the entrepreneur
by initiating busine activity and managing the busine.It emphasizes
that in order to be succeful, an entrepreneur must be
innovative and be
able to decide on the value of things invented by others.Part III(paragraph 9)Discuion of the risks of the busine 1)It emphasizes that everyone connected with a busine shares the risks
of the busine.But the entrepreneur takes the biggest one.2)It illustrates when the busine is profitable and when it goes
bankrupt.Reading II I.Notes 1.辨析company, firm and busine “A company” is an organization made up of people who work together for the
purposes of making or selling goods or services in order to get money.【例句】an insurance/ automobile company 保险公司/ 汽车公司
a state-owned company国营公司
“A firm” refers to a small busine company that makes goods or provides
services.【例句】a law firm 法律公司
an engineering firm工程公司
a firm of accountants 会计师事务所
“A busine” is a shop, a factory or a company that sells goods or
provides services, esp.one that employs a small number of people or even
only one person.【例句】He runs a small busine in the town.他在镇上经营着一家小铺子。
to start up a new busine 新开一家商号
2.“sb.be said to do”: 据说 This phrase can be used to introduce
information or meage.Besides “ said”, some other verbs can also be
used, such as “ aumed, believed, considered, estimated, expected,recognized, recommended, regarded, reported, supposed”.相当于 “It is said +that clause” 结构
【例句】He is said to be the richest man in the world.= It is said that he is
the richest man in the world.据说他是世界上最富有的人。
3.expand: to increase something so that it covers a wider area or range
of activities.使(某事物)变大,扩大,增大,增加,增强,扩展
【例句】expand busine 扩展生意
Metals expand when they are heated.金属受热则膨胀。
[相关词]expansion n.扩大,扩展,膨胀
4.tonne: metric ton, measurement of weight, which is equal to 1,000 kg.公吨
5.in bulk: in large quantities大批,整批
【例句】to buy/ sell in bulk整批或大批购买/出售
We always buy in bulk then we will get a big discount.我们总是大批购买,这样我们就能获得比较大的折扣。
6.wholesale & retail: Wholesale refers to the sale of goods in large quantities at a time,usually to storekeepers or others who will in turn sell them in small
quantities to users.批发
Retail is the sales of goods in small quantities at a time, directly to
the consumer.零售
[相关词]wholesaler 批发商
retailer 零售商
7.distributor: a wholesaler who has exclusive rights to market, within a
given territory, the goods of a manufacturer or company.批发商
8.compete: to try to win something竞争
[相关搭配] compete for: 为„„ 而竞争
【例句】compete for attention 争着出风头
compete for the contract 为赢得合同而竞争
[相关搭配] to compete with/ against 竞争,对抗比赛
【例句】compete with/ against each other 相互竞争
compete with a trading company for the contract为合同和一家外贸公司展开竞争
[相关词] competition n.比赛,竞赛
competitive adj.比赛的,竞争的competitor n.竞争者,比赛者,对手,敌手
9.keep ahead of: surpa, be in a more succeful position than胜过,优于,领先于
【例句】If she works hard, she will surely keep ahead of her colleagues.10.have an advantage over somebody: to have a better position than
somebody与„„相比具有优势
【例句】 She has an advantage over other girls.她比其他女孩子具有优势。
11.give sb./ sth.an edge on/over = have an/the edge on/over: have a
slight advantage over sb./sth.略胜过某人/某物
【例句】The young tennis player definitely had the edge on his older opponent.这个年轻的网球运动员显然比哪个年纪大的对手略胜一筹。
II.Difficult Sentences 1)A firm which is just starting up is going into busine and a company
which stops operating goes out of busine.要点: which is just starting up为定语从句修饰主语a firm;which stops operating
为又一个定语从句修饰主语a company.start up: begin working , running启动,开始
go into busine: to begin busine 开始做生意
go out of busine: become bankrupt 破产,倒闭
译文:刚初建起来的公司就开业了,而停止运营的公司就破产停业了。
2)If one year it produces 100 tonnes and the next year it produces 110
tonnes, it has increased production by 10%.要点: “increase production by”.Here the proposition “by” indicates the
amount or degree of increase, and the Chinese for it is 增加了.Similarly,“to reduce„„by” means 减少了。
If we use another proposition “to”, it indicates the total amount
including the part that has been increased “增加到” or reduced, “减少到”。
【例句】Our car production has increased by 10% to 33,000 a year.我们的年汽车产量增加了10%,增加到了33,000辆。
译文:如果厂家一年生产100公吨,下一年生产110公吨,它的产量就增加了10%。
Word Study 1.risk 基本用法
n.1)a danger(of)sth.that may have a(stated)bad result 风险,危险性:
【例句】There is a risk.有很大危险性。
The busine was insured against the risk of failure.那家企业投保以防破产的风险。
2)a danger 危险:
Fishermen face a lot of risks in their daily lives.渔民在日常生活中面临着很多危险。
3)(stated)danger , a person or thing that is a(stated)danger for the
insurance
(某种)险;被保人,被保物:
【例句】fire risk火险
He is a good risk.他是个条件好的被保对象。
vt.1)place in danger 下赌注:
【例句】He risked his fame.他以他的名声作赌
2)take the chance of 冒„„的危险:
【例句】He risked his life for honor’s sake.他为了名誉而甘冒生命危险。
相关搭配:
at all risks无论冒多大风险
at risk 在危险中
at the risk of 冒着„的危险
相关词
risky adj.dangerous 危险的2.perform 基本用法
vt.1)do, accomplish, carry out(a place of work)做;完成;实行:(比 do, carry
out 正式)
【例句】The doctor performed a difficult operation.那位医生做了一个复杂的手术。
2)fulfill(a promise, order, etc.)履行,执行(允诺,命令)
【例句】He performed his duty faithfully.他忠实地履行了他的职责。
3)direct or go though the form and actions of(a ceremony)指挥或举行(仪式)
【例句】The ceremony was performed on April fifteenth.四月十五举行仪式。
vi.1)of machines work(in the proper or intended way)(机器)操作
【例句】Is that new car fulfilling well ? 那辆新车好开吗? 2)(of people)carry out a particular activity, esp.well and with great
skill(人)表现
【例句】He performs well under preure.在艰难情况下他表现得很坚强。
相关词
performance n..1)the action of performing sth.执行,履行,实现
2)the action or an act of performing 表演,演出
3)the ability to do sth.性能,能力
performer n.a person(or thing)that performs, esp.an actor, musician表演者
3.replace
基本用法
vt.1)put sth.in its former or proper place again 放回
【例句】He replaced the book on the shelf.他把书放回架上。
2)pay back 送还
【例句】Has he replaced the borrowed money? 他借的钱还了没有?
3)take the place of 代替,取代
【例句】Can anything replace a mother’s love and care? 有什么东西能取代母爱和关怀吗?
Horses have been replaced by cars.马已被汽车所代替?
相关词
replacement n.代替,替换
4.limit 基本用法
n.1).the farthest point or place, boundary 界限,界线,边
界
【例句】Yao Ming’s fame paed beyond the limits of China.姚明的名声超越了中国的国界。
2).the largest(or smallest)extent 限度,范围,极限
【例句】His energy seems to have no limits.他的精力似乎无限。
3).restriction 限制,限定
【例句】Is there a speed limit on that throughway? 那条快车道限定车速吗?
vt.keep below or at a certain point or amount 限定,限制
【例句】Our holidays are limited to two weeks a year.我们的假期被限定为一年两周。
相关搭配:
limit sth./sb.to 限定于
【例句】I’ll limit myself to the discuion of this topic.我将只限于讨论这个题目。
within the limits of 在„的范围内
without limits无限制的,无限的reach the limit of one’s resources 山穷水尽
相关词
limitation n.an act of limiting 限度,极限,范围
limited adj.having a limit, narrow 有限的,限定的,狭窄的limitle adj.without limit or end无限的,无止境的5.share 基本用法
n.1)one of the parts of sth.that is divided among several people, etc.一份,份儿。份额
【例句】Everybody ought to have his proper share.每个人都应得到他应得的一份。
His company now commands a larger share of trade in the European market.现在他的公司在欧洲市场的贸易中占很大的份额。
2).one of the equal parts into which the capital of a busine firm is
divided 股,股份
【例句】The company was formed with 3000 shares.该公司由3000 股组成。
v.have a share with sb.else 分享,分担,共享,共用
【例句】They share their joys and sorrows.他们同甘共苦。
Everyone in the house shares the bathroom.住在这所房子里的人共用这间浴室。
相关搭配:
have/take a/ one’s share in 分担,参加
on/upon shares 共负盈亏,同甘共苦
Grammar Focus Countable and Uncountable Nouns 可数名词与不可数名词
1.不可数名词
不可数名词通常指不能直接计数的名词(如land, advice等),表示材料和成分的物质名词,如coal, oil, air, cloth 等,和表示抽象概念的抽象名词,music, love, equality, modernization, trade, service,education 等。
2.集合名词的单复数用法
集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体,其中有的是复数含义。例如police, cattle, clothes, people, goods 等;
但有的集合名词也是不可数名词,如furniture, equipment, merchandise, machinery 等。
3.名词单复数的特殊变化
1)大多数名词直接加-s: 如soldier, model, car, joke 等。
2)以s, x, ch, sh 结尾加-es: 如 bus, bo, match, sketch 等。
但如词尾ch 的发音为/k/, 其复数要加¬s: 如stomach.Epoch 3)以o结尾的单词:
a.有些加-es: 如hero, potato, tomato, echo等。
b.有些加¬s:如 piano, photo, tobacco, memo 等。
c.有些加-s/-es 均可:如cargo, motto, volcano 等。
4)一些以f或fe 结尾的可数名词复数需要把f 或fe变为ves。如: half, knife, leaf, life, shelf,thief, wife, wolf 等。
5)不规则变化
foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, mouse-mice, child-children, ox-oxen,phenomenon-phenomena, formula-formulae, criterion-criteria, basis-bases,thesis-theses, crisis-crises 6)单复数相同
deer, headquarters, means, series, species, sheep等。
4.可数名词和不可数名词的转化
1)当抽象名词表示抽象概念时,为不可数名词;但当抽象名词的意义具体化时,该名词为可数名词。如:
She was a beauty in her youth.(美人)She had much beauty in her youth,(美丽动人的气质)
2)动物的名称作个体解释时为可数名词;作肉解释时为不可数名词。如:
There are many chickens in the yard.(小鸡)I like chicken.(鸡肉)3)iron 解释为 “铁” 时为不可数名词;解释为 “熨斗”时为可数名词。如:
Iron is harder than aluminum.(铁)We need an iron.(熨斗)
4)experience 解释为“经验”时,为不可数名词;解释为“经历”时,为可数名词。如;
we share a common experience.(经历)
I have not much experience in teaching.(经验)
5)hair 解释为“头发”时,是不可数名词;但若强调一根根头发或几缕头发,则是可数。如: These old men have
long hair.(长头发)
Look!A hair is in my soup.(一根头发)
She has some grey hairs.(几根花白的头发)
6)paper 解释为“纸张”时,为不可数名词;解释为“考卷”、“报纸”或“文件”时,为可数名词。
7)room 解释为“房间”时,是可数名词;解释为“空间”时,是不可数名词。例如:
Make room for me, please..8)gla 表示“玻璃”时,是不可数名词;解释为“玻璃杯”时,是可数名词;glaes 还可以解释为“眼镜”,是复数形式。
9)space 表示“空间;太空”时,为不可数名词;表示“空格”时,为可数名词。
10)word 表示“词语”时,为可数名词;表示“消息”时,为不可数名词。例如:
How many words are there in this article?(单词)
Word came that the war had ended.(消息)Function and Structure 1.Using right vocabulary and phrases is important when you
meet someone or introduce yourself in English.First impreions are important, so here’s some guide to using the right expreion in the situation.Two friends’ meeting:
Friends often say “Hi” to each other.Then they often ask a general question, such as “How are you?” or “How are things?” or “How’s life?” The reply to this question is normally positive.“Fine thanks, and you?” “Fine thanks, what about yourself?” “Not bad.” Or “Can’t complain.”
Greeting people you don’t know:
You can say “Hello” to people you don’t know.A more formal greeting is “Good morning/afternoon/evening.” The other person normally replies with he same greeting as you have used, and then makes some polite conversation, such as “How was your trip?” or “Did you find our office easily?”
2.Chinese like to greet each other by asking questions such as “Where are you going(去哪呀)?” “Have you had dinner yet(吃过了吗)?” or “ Are you eating your lunch(吃饭呐)?” For Chinese, these questions are asked simply as sort of a greeting rather than a genuine request for information.But in English it is not appropriate
to greet people in this way.Questions of this sort are usually interrupted as a lead-in to a suggestion or invitation;otherwise, it seems rather weird or rude to ask about something quite obvious or very personal.3.Americans use “small talk” when they first meet another person.The most common topic of small talk is the weather;another very common topic is the speakers’ current surroundings------the room or building they are in, the sidewalk where they are standing, etc.Later, Americans may talk about past experiences they have both had, such as watching a particular TV program, going to New York, or eating at a particular restaurant.Besides these very general topics of small talk, Americans talk about different things according to the life situation of people involved and the setting in which the conversation is taking place.Students are likely to talk about their teachers and claes;if they are of the same sex, they are likely to discu their social lives.Adults may discu their jobs, interests, houses, or family members.Men are likely to talk about sports or cars.Housewives are likely to talk about their children or about household matters or personal care(e.g., hairdos).Americans are taught not to discu religion and politics unle they know the people they are talking to fairly well.Politics and religion are thought to be “
controversial”, and discuing a controversial topic can lead to an argument.There are other topics Americans generally avoid because they are “ too personal”.Financial matters is one.Inquiries about a person’s earning or about the amount someone paid for an item are usually not acceptable topics.Practical Reading 时间表是一种实用文体,形式直观,阅读的关键是要注意同所纵横坐标确定要学找的信息的位置。时间表往往涉及到以下内容:时间及其发生的时间;时间的顺序,排位。
在考查这类文体的阅读效果时,往往是图表给出了一部分内容,要求学生根据文章填出其他部分或其他环节等.要完成这类任务,学生需要在准确把握文章内容的基础上,读懂图表,并能够利用图表解决有关问题.本题要求学生能通过文字部分完成列车时刻表,考查学生跳读(也叫寻读,即scanning skill: glancing from point to point of, often hastily, casually, or in search of a particular item)的能力和推理的能力(inferring skill: deriving as a conclusion from facts or premises)。
根据原文前面3句话,我们可以将从Stone这个地方始发的时间,按照先后,一一列举出来。每个小时里的15和50分各有一班。
1.50分这一班中途不停,直达目的地Keel,是快车,所以时间是4小时20分.利用这一线索,我们可以知道6点50分,7点50分,8点50分,9点50分从Stone出发的列车,到达Keel的时间分别是11点10分,12点10分,13点10分和14点10分。
2.15分这一班在一小时和两小时15分后分别到达Mont和Trent,这样我们就可以得到6点15,7点15,8点15,9点15从Stone始发的列车分别到达Mont,Trent以及终点站的时间。
3.8点25分和9点25分另有两趟慢车,到达三个站所需时间与15分始发车一样.4.注意:题目要求我们完成的只是时刻表的一部分。
5.有了这个时刻表,要完成后面回答问题的练习,就一目了然了。
Notes 1.a stopping train:每站停靠的列车,慢车.2.a through train:快车,直达列车.这里through的意思是without stopping.3.community college: In Canada and the United States, a community college, sometimes called a junior college, is an educational institution providing post-secondary education and lower-level tertiary education, granting certificates, diplomas, and aociate’s degrees.美国和加拿大的社区大学,有点近似于我国培养大专生的地方性大学.4.graduation ceremony: 毕业典礼
5.attend a conference: 参加会议
6.do a survey on: 做关于„„的调查
7.marketing: 营销.注意,营销不同于销售(sales).营销是一个范围广泛、内容丰富的概念,是 “ 人或组织进行的社会的管理的过程, 是通过创造并交换产品价值来满足他们的基本需求和个性需求的过程”.(a social and managerial proce by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others------Philip Kotler)
Homework 1.Vocabulary 2.Grammar 3.Reading Summary In this unit, students have known main content of this unit.After cla, students should learn more details.
第12篇:《精读与略读》教案
教学要求:
1.自主学习课文,感知并读懂课文,理解词句,体会思想感情。
2.正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。3.通过具体的语言材料,学习选择哪些读书方法和怎样略读。
教学重点和难点:
教师要抓住精彩之处引导、点拨,把文章中所交给的读书方法通过讨论总结出来。
教学准备:
相关的教学投影片。
教学过程:
一.揭题,审题
二.指导自读课文
1.揭示课题。
2.审题:
(1)什么叫“精读”?什么叫“略读”?
(2)你通常会采用什么方法?
A、轻声自读课文,要求:(1)要有一定的速度;
(2)弄清这篇课文写了哪几方面,主要写哪几件事?
(3)在自己认为最有收获的句子下面作记号。
B、组织交流。
3.指名分节读课文,要求:读通、读顺课文,注意正确、流利。
4.指名分段朗读课文,思考:哪些句子让你受益匪浅?为什么?
5.相机出示句子,指导理解:
(1)俗话说的“一目十行”,就是指这种走马观花式的快速阅读方法。
提问:(1)“一目十行”失什么意思?
(2)走马观花是什么样的?
(3)你这样读过哪些文章?有什么帮助
(4)这样的方法给了你什么好处?
(2)通过略读,可以在很短的时间内知道一篇文章或一本书的基本内容,从而确定它是否须要精读,或哪些地方须要精读。
提问:(1)这句话你同意吗?
(2)你有过这样的经历吗?
(3)这个“须要”是指什么?为什么这里用的是“须要”而不是“需要”?
1.齐读。
2.浏览课文,思考。
1.按要求轻声自读课文。
2.小组交流学习结果。
3.指名汇报。
4.指名补充。
5.听读,评议。
6.听读,思考。
7.指名交流。
8.在老师的指导下理解重点语句,体会思想感情,并进行有感情地朗读。
精读与略读
选择哪些读书方法
怎样略读
第13篇:精读教案4[推荐]
Unit 4 Jobs and occupations Teaching Time: six periods Part I Pre-learning I.Teaching Aims
By the end of this leon, students should be able to: A.Understand the relationship between personal progre and job-hopping B.Know how to describe one’s occupation C.Master words of job occupation II.Teaching Important and Difficult Points Cultural Background Some factors you need to mention in your letter of application.1.To explain where the applicant has got the information about the vacancy.For example, he can learn it from his friends, or in the advertisement, or in some papers.SAMPLE: Having noticed the enclosed advertisement in this morning's South China Daily, I wish to apply for the position of sales manager.2.To present personal information.This part should be a description of the applicant’s age, sex, education, working experience and specialty.It is in this section that the applicant presents his advantages or qualifications for the position.Details are encouraged, but the applicant should bear it in mind that exaggeration or false descriptions are not allowed in the letter.SAMPLE: I am 21 years of age.After graduating from high school, I took a two-year busine course in Foshan commercial School, studying both bookkeeping and typewriting.I now wish to enter an office where the work requires great individual responsibility and judgment, and where there is an opportunity for achievements.3.To claim your referees(推荐人).The applicant is well advised to enclose in the letter the names as well as the addrees of two or three referees after he has got their permiion.Referees are of great importance for obtaining a job, for they are the best and most persuasive support for the candidate’s potential, merits and strength.SAMPLE: I have obtained permiion to give the names of the following persons as references: Profeor Song Xieli, Director, English Department, Haitai University;Mr.Wang Qing, Manager, Human Resource Department, Chinese Import & Export Corporation.4.To inquire the chance of an interview.SAMPLE: I should welcome a personal interview at your convenience.Part II Teaching Procedure Reading I I.Key Language Points 1.hop: vi.1)(of people)to jump on one leg(人)单脚跳
【例句】He hopped away on one foot.他单脚跳着跑开了。
2)(of small creatures)to jump with the legs together(小动物)跳跃
【例句】The bird hopped onto my finger.小鸟跳到我的手指上。
3)[on, in](infml)to get quickly onto, into, or out of
something迅速跳上(跳进,跳出)
【例句】Hop in and I’ll give you a lift to the station.快上车,我送你去车站。
[相关搭配] job-hopping 跳槽
【例句】With the deepening of economic reform, job-hopping has become a
somewhat common practice in large and medium cities.随着经济改革的深化,跳槽现象在许多大中城市已屡见不鲜。
2.influence: 1)n.an effect that someone or something has on events, behavior, or
opinions影响,影响力
【例句】He used his influence to get his son a job.他利用自己的影响给儿子找了个工作。
2)vt.to have an effect on someone or something影响(某人或某事);对(某人或某事)起作用
【例句】Don’t let me influence your decision.别让我影响你的决定。
[相关搭配]1)under the influence of 在„„的影响下
【例句】Driving under the influence of alcohol.酒后驾车。
2)influence on sb./sth.对„„有影响
【例句】Environment is a great influence on character.环境对性格有很大的影响。
[相关词] influential: adj.有影响力的,有势力的【例句】He is an influential politician.他是一名有势力的政治家。
3.eential:
1)adj.[only before a noun只用于名词前]central or most important根本的,最重要的【例句】This is an eential requirement for admiion to
college.这是进大学的最基本要求。
2)adj.completely neceary必不可少的【例句】Previous experience of this type of job is not eential.以前是否做过这种工作并非必需条件。
3)n.anything indispensable基本必要的东西,要素,本质
【例句】The room was furnished with the bare eentials: a bad, a chair, and
a table.房间里摆设了最简单的必需品——一张床,一把椅子和一张桌子。
[相关搭配]be eential to/for something对„„来说是必不可少的。
【例句】Food is eential to life.食物对生命是绝对重要的。
4.godfather: n.a man who has promised to be responsible for someone’s
religious education 教父
[相关搭配]godchild, goddaughter, godson教子/女;godmother教母;godparent教父,教母
5.sponsor 1)n.someone who supports or champions something赞助人,发起者
【例句】He is the sponsor of the annual Christmas parade.他是一年一度圣诞节游行的主办者。
2)n.a person that takes responsibility for formally putting forward a
suggestion提案人,提倡者
【例句】Who was the sponsor for the divorce reform bill?谁是这项离婚改革法案的倡议者?
3)vt.to pay for something, usually in return for advertising
particular products赞助(某事物)
【例句】It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money to support the
project.遗憾的是他没有足够的钱来支持这项计划。
4)vt.to put forward a formal suggestion正式提出(建议);倡议
【例句】He sponsored the plan at the meeting.他在会上倡议了这项计划。
6.trait: n.a particular quality of someone or something特性,品质
【例句】Generosity is her best trait.慷慨是她最大的特点。
7.scholarship: 1)n.the method of result of serious detailed academic study学问,学识
【例句】Her book is a fine piece of scholarship.她的书是一部卓越的学术著作。
2)n.a sum of money given to a student by an organization to help pay
for a course of study 奖学金
【例句】He won a scholarship to Oxford.他获得了一份到牛津大学念书的奖学金。
[相关词]scholar: n.1.学者.2.奖学金获得者
【例句】She is a teacher of great scholar.她是一位很有学问的老师。
8.initiative: n.1)the first of a series of actions主动性
【例句】The child displayed great initiative in going to fetch the police.那孩子极为主动地把警察找来。
2)the first movement or action which starts something happening发端,首创
【例句】It’s only the initiative of the investigation.这仅仅是调查的开始。
3)the ability to make decisions and take action without help of other
people决断能力,主动能力
【例句】I wish you’d show some initiative instead of always asking me what
to do.我希望你表现得主动一些,别花是问我该做什么。
[相关搭配] 1)take the initiative首先做某事,带头做某事
【例句】It is up to this country to take the initiative in banning nuclear
weapons.这个国家应该主动提出禁止核武器。
2)on your own initiative主动地,自己决定地
【例句】Did he do it on his own initiative?他是自己主动做的吗?
[相关词]initial: adj.最初的,开始的【例句】She calmed down after the initial shock.她先是大吃一惊,后来就平静下来。
9.agreeable: adj.pleasant, enjoyable, or acceptable令人愉快的,惬意的【例句】The weather was very agreeable.气候十分宜人。
[相关搭配]agreeable to something/doing something欣然接受某事,乐于做某事
【例句】I’m agreeable to doing what you suggest.我乐于照你的建议去做。
[相关词]disagreeable: adj.令人不快的,讨厌的,不合意的agree: v 1)agree about/on sth(关于„„)意见一致
【例句】They didn’t agree about how to do it.关于如何做,他们的意见不一致。
2)agree with somebody/something与(人,想法)意见一致
【例句】I agree with you.= I agree with what you say.我赞同你。(我和你意见相同。)
3)agree to do something/something同意做某事,接受某事
【例句】We all agreed to start at once.我们全都同意立刻出发。
10.outgoing: adj.1)friendly and eager to make friends友好的,乐于交友的【例句】She is very outgoing.她非常爱好交际。
2)[only before a noun只用于名词前]leaving an important job即将离职的【例句】The outgoing president was praised for his commitment to the Party.即将离任的总统因对党作出了贡献而受到赞扬。
[相关词]outgoings: n.支出,开销
【例句】You will have to reduce your outgoings if you want to pay off your
debts.如果你想还清债务,就得减少开支。
11.personality: n.1)the whole nature and character of a particular person个性,性格
【例句】They don’t get on well because of differences of personality.他们由于性格不同而合不来。
2)interesting, exciting qualities of character个性
【例句】He has no personality.他没有个性。
She has a lot of personality.她很有个性。
3)a person who is well known to the public名人
【例句】a television personality电视界知名人士
[相关词]personal: adj.个人的,私人的,亲自的,本人的【例句】father’s personal chair父亲的专用坐椅
The minister made a personal appearance on television.部长亲自在电视中露面。
12.realm: n.1)a world, area of activity领域;范围
【例句】This theory belongs more to the realm of science than art.这理论与其说属于艺术领域,倒不如说是属于科学领域的。
2)(often cap.)lit & law(常大写,用于书面和法律方面)
【例句】the defense of the Realm国防
13.inherit: vt.1)to receive something from someone who has died or moved on继承(某物)
【例句】He’s inherited a fortune from his rich uncle.他从有钱的叔叔那里继承了一大笔钱。
2)to have the same qualities as your parents经遗传而得到(特质)
【例句】She inherited all her mother’s beauty.她继承了母亲的全部美貌。
[相关搭配] inherit sth.from sb.从某人那里继承„„
14.bestow: vt.To give something to someone 将某物赠给某人
【例句】Many gifts were bestowed on them.有很多礼物赠给他们。
[相关搭配]bestow something on/upon someone
【例句】The trophy was bestowed upon the winner.银杯授给了获胜者。
15.disloyal: adj.not loyal不忠实的,不忠诚的【例句】You don’t expect a diplomat ever to be disloyal to his country.你不会预料到外交官会对祖国不忠。
[相关词]loyal: adj.忠实的,忠诚的loyalty: n.忠实,忠诚
【例句】Once he took the vow his loyalty never wavered.他一旦宣了誓,他就一直忠贞不渝。
[相关搭配]be loyal to sb./sth.对„„忠心的【例句】The soldiers are loyal to their country.士兵们忠于他们的国家。
16.reciprocal: adj.exchanged between two people or two groups of
people相互的,互惠的【例句】reciprocal respect相互尊重
a reciprocal agreement互惠协定
reciprocal trade互惠贸易
17.recipient: n.a person who receives something接受者
【例句】a welfare recipient接受福利救济的人
18.patron: n.1)a person who supports and regularly gives money to a worthy purpose,or to another person or group of people赞助人,资助人
【例句】Modern artists have difficulty in finding patrons.现代艺术家们很难找到赞助者。
2)a person who uses a particular shop, hotel, etc., esp.regularly老顾客,老主顾
【例句】This store has many patrons.这家商店有许多老顾客。
19.lifelong: adj.continuing all your life终身的【例句】I believe he will be my lifelong friend.我相信他会成为我一生的好朋友。
[相关词]lifelong education终身教育
lifelong disability终身残疾
20.security: n.1)the state of being secure安全,安全感,保障
【例句】A job in the Civil Service offers security.公务员的工作提供保障。
2)something which protects防御物,保护物
【例句】The money is my security against hardship.这笔钱可以让我应付不时之需。
3)valuable property which you promise to give to a money-lender if you
do not repay money you have borrowed抵押品
【例句】What did you offer as security for the loan?你拿什么作贷款抵押?
[相关词]secure: adj.安全的,可靠的【例句】Make sure your money is in a secure place.你要确保把钱存放在安全可靠的地方。
secure: vt.使安全,保护
【例句】The soldiers secured the camp against attack.士兵保护着营地以免受攻击。
21.constant: adj.1)happening all the time一再发生地,不断地
【例句】I dislike these constant arguments.我讨厌这些接连不断的争吵。
2)fixed or unchanging始终如一的,持久不变的【例句】a constant temperature恒温
In our fast paced world nothing seems constant.在现今这个快节奏的世界里,似乎没有什么东西是永恒不变的。
3)n.: a quality that does not vary常数,恒量
【例句】constant quality恒量
22.mobility: n.the quality of moving freely可动性,变动性
【例句】A private car gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility.私人小汽车能给人很大的舒服和机动性。
[相关词]mobile: adj.able to move, or be moved quickly and easily.可移动的,流动的,【例句】mobile phone手机,移动电话
She’s much more mobile now that she’s bought a car.自从她买了辆汽车后,流动量就大得多了。
23.better:
1)adj.[comparative of good, good的比较级]较好的,更好的【例句】She’s much better at maths than I am.她的数学比我好得多。
2)adj.improved in health(健康)有所好转的【例句】I’m feeling a little better today.今天我感觉好多了。
3)adv.[comparative of well, well的比较级]in a better way, to a greater
degree更好地
【例句】She swims much better than she used to.她游泳游得比过去好多了。
He knows that town better than I do.这城镇他比我了解得更清楚。
4)n.to change and become better好转
【例句】Let’s hope that things will soon change for the better.希望事情不久会好转。
5)vt.to improve on something改进(某事)
【例句】We made record profits last year, and we’re hoping to better this
year.去年我们的利润创了纪录,我们希望今年更好。
[相关搭配]had better最好还是,应该
【例句】You’d better go home now.你最好是现在回家。get the better of someone打败某人,战胜某人
【例句】She always manages to get the better of me.她老是设法占我上风。
24.qualify: 1)vi.to pa an examination or gain the knowledge or experience
neceary for a particular job考试合格,取得资格
【例句】I came to this school immediately after I had qualified as a teacher.我一取得教师资格便马上来了这所学校。
2)vi.to have the right to do or have something有权做某事,有权拥有某物
【例句】I’m afraid you don’t qualify for a pension.对不起,您没有资格领养老金。
3)vt.make somebody suitable to do something让某人做某事,让某人有权做某事
【例句】This test will qualify you to fly an aircraft.你若能通过考试,便有资格开飞机。
4)vt.to limit what you are saying in some way限制,修饰
【例句】I’d like to qualify my last remark.我想把我最后的一句话修饰一下。
[相关搭配]qualify for something有资格,合适,胜任
【例句】His skills qualify him for the job.他的技艺使他有资格担任这一工作。
qualify someone to do something使„„有权做„„
【例句】Eighteen-year-olds qualify to vote.年满十八岁者有选举权。
[相关词]qualified: adj.有资格的,具备必要条件的,胜任的【例句】He’s not qualified to teach young children.他没有资格教小孩子。
qualification: n.资格,资历,合格证明(书)
【例句】qualification certificate资格证书
25.interchangeability: n.being able to exchange or alternate each
other可互换性
[相关词]interchange: vt.交换,互换
【例句】interchange ideas/opinions/views交换意见
[相关词]interchangeable可互换的,可交替的【例句】interchangeable parts互换部分
interchangeable words(terms)可换用的词(术语)
[相关搭配]interchange sth.with sth.【例句】interchange hard work with rest劳逸结合26.personnel: n.all the people employed by an organization全体职员
【例句】New personnel are needed for our busine in the Middle East.我们需要新的雇员来经营我们在中东的业务。
[相关词]辨析personnel和personal Personnel是个集体名词,指“全体人员”,“全体职员”
【例句】a personnel manager(officer)人事处经理(处长)
the personnel division人事处(室)
而personal是个形容词,指“私人的”,“个人的”
【例句】personal letter私人信件
personal affair私事
personal life私生活
personal pronoun人称代词
personal还有“本人的”,“亲自的”的意思
【例句】make a personal appearance(visit)亲自出席(拜访)
27.inhuman: adj.too cruel and lacking in feelings to be considered as
human无人性的,残酷的【例句】inhuman treatment不人道待遇,非人待遇
inhuman act不人道行为
to be cruel and inhuman惨无人道
[相关词]inhumanity无人情味,残忍
【例句】We must never again turn a blind eye when a government anywhere
engages in gro inhumanity.我们再也不能漠视任何政府公然进行不人道行为。
28.challenge: 1)n.an invitation to compete in a fight or match挑战
【例句】He accepted his friend’s challenge to swim acro the river.他接受朋友的挑战,比赛游泳过河。
2)n.something difficult or exciting that needs a great effort具有挑战性的事物
【例句】To build a bridge in a month was a real challenge.一个月内造一座桥委实是个挑战。
3)vt.: to invite someone to complete against you or to test their
abilities向某人挑战
【例句】I challenged him to a game of tennis.我邀他与我赛一场网球。
4)vt.to question whether something is right质询(某事是否正确)
【例句】She challenged the justice of the new law.她质疑新法律的公正性。
29.content: 1)adj.satisfied and happy心满意足的【例句】Dad seems really content since he retired.爸爸自退休后,似乎很是满足。
2)vt.to make someone feel happy or satisfied使某人心满意足
【例句】Simple praise is enough to content him.他只要听到实事求是的表扬就心满意足了。
3)n.the subject matter of something内容
【例句】It’s not the style of the book I object to;it’s the content.我反对的不是那本书的风格,而是内容。
[相关搭配]be content with对„„满意
【例句】I am very content with my life at present.我对目前的生活心满意足。
30.seniority: n.the quality of being senior in rank or age年长,级别高,资历深
【例句】Should promotion be through merit or seniority?晋升应该凭成绩还是靠年资?
Does seniority give one the right to command?难道年长资深就有权发号施令吗?
[相关词]senior 1)n.年长者,长辈,上级
【例句】He is my senior.她是我的上司。
2)adj.较年长的,地位较高的【例句】He is senior to me.他比我年纪大。
31.bounce: 1)vi.to spring back or up again after hitting a surface反跳,弹起
【例句】The ball bounced several times.球反弹了几次。
She’s had many misfortunes in her life but she always bounces back.她一生中经历过许多挫折,然而总是能重新振作起来。
2)vi.to walk quickly because you are happy(因高兴而)飞快地走
【例句】She bounced into the room.她蹦蹦跳跳地走进房间里。
3)vi.(of a cheque)to be returned by a bank as worthle(支票)遭银行退票
【例句】I hope this cheque doesn’t bounce.我希望这张支票别遭退票。
4)n.the act or action of bouncing跳起,弹回
【例句】The ball has plenty of bounce.这球弹性很好。
32.original: adj.1)first or earliest起初的,最早的,原始的【例句】The original owner of the house was the Duke of Wellington.这房子最早的主人是威灵顿公爵。
2)not copied非复制的,原创的【例句】We have a few original paintings.我们有几幅油画原作。
[相关词]origin: n.起源,开端,血统,出身
【例句】The riot had its origins in unemployment.骚乱是由失业引起的。
He was proud of his working cla origins.他为自己出身于工人阶层而感到自豪。
33.get ahead: to be succeful in your job and so reach a high
position(在工作上)成功
【例句】She’s clever and ambitious, and determined to get ahead.她聪明伶俐,雄心勃勃,决心在事业上获得成功。
By doing extra homework, he soon got ahead of his cla-mates.他靠多做家庭作业,很快在班上名列前茅。
34.on the basis of: based on;according to在„„基础上;根据
【例句】We are willing to enter into b usine relationship with your
company on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我们愿在平等互利的基础上与贵公司建立业务关系。
35.lead to: to cause something or result in something引起,导致,引导
【例句】The strike could lead to a lo of jobs.罢工可能会导致失业。
Every road leads to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
36.by and large: on the whole大体上,总的说来
【例句】By and large our work has been succeful.总的说我们的工作是成功的。
By and large, the company's been pretty good to me.总的来说, 公司对我一直很好。
37.deal with: to find an answer to a problem对付,处理
【例句】The meeting will deal with these problems.本次会议将就这些问题作出处理。
This book deals with the troubles in Ireland.这本新书论述了爱尔兰的纠纷。
38.bring in: 1)to introduce something引进,提出
【例句】The government is bringing in new laws to protect children.政府正提出制定保护儿童的新法律。
2)to ask someone to take part in something, especially in order to
help with a problem请(某人)参与(尤其指为帮助解决问题)
【例句】We need to bring in a few experienced people to get the job finished
on time.我们需要请几个有经验的人来帮助,以便按时完成工作。
3)to earn a particular amount of money获利,赚钱
【例句】She’s bringing in £200 a week.她每星期赚二百英镑。
The new tax will bring in a lot of extra money for the
government.这项新税将为政府带来一大笔额外收益。
II.Difficult Sentences 1)By and large, succe is neither inherited nor bestowed.要点:by and large: generally speaking, on the whole大体上,总得说来。
neither„nor: 既不„也不
译文:总的说来,成功既不能继承,也不能赠予。
2)In some nations it is considered disloyal to quit a job.要点:it在这里是形式主语,真正的主语为不定式to quit a job。
译文:在有些国家,辞职被视为不忠。
3)Deep reciprocal loyalties exist between employee and employer.要点: reciprocal: mutual彼此的,相互间的译文:雇主与雇员彼此感情深厚,雇员尽职,雇主惜才。
4)We consider it a “right” to be able to better ourselves, to move
upward, to jump from company to company if we can keep qualifying for more
responsible(and therefore better)jobs.要点:it指代前文所提到的”job-hunting”
keep qualifying for: remain in ability to be suited for一直具有„„资格
to be able to目的状语
译文:我们认为跳槽是一种权利,它能让我们充实自己,获得升迁。而且如果能胜任责任更重(当然报酬也更高)的工作,我们还能从一个公司跳到另一个公司。
5)They do not understand that a great many Americans like to move about.要点:move about: travel from place to place.这里的about是指here and there到处
译文:他们不了解大多数美国人不喜欢呆在一个地方。
6)Then, too, a newcomer will probably start at a lower salary for he will
have no seniority.要点:wage, salary, pay的区别。
wage专指按周或天计算的工钱,以工人为发放对象。Salary专指“月薪”或“年薪”。pay指“工资”是一般所通用的。
译文:当然,新来者由于没有资历,可能只能拿较底的薪水。
7)Hopping is so readily accepted here, in fact, that a good man may
bounce back and forth among two or three corporations, being welcomed back
to his original company more than once through his career, each time at a
different level.要点:readily: willingly乐意地
in fact是插入语,拿掉之后句子照样成立。
being引导现在分词短语。
译文:在美国,跳槽已被大家所接受,事实上,一个优秀的人可以在两三个公司间跳来跳去,在其职业生涯中,由于他自身的水平的提高,每次跳回原公司都会比上一次更受欢迎。
III.Structure of Reading I Part I(Paragraph 1)Introduction In different countries, there are different employment practices.Part II(Paragraph 2)Different countries have different opinions on job-hopping.In some countries it is considered disloyal to quit a job.Part III(Paragraph 3-5)American’s view on job-hopping.1)In America, job-hopping is part of constant mobility.2)The benefits of job-hopping.Reading II I.Notes 1.transition: n.changing from one state or condition to another.转变,过渡
【例句】Such a sudden transition must affect her and ice her over.这样的一个突然变化一定会影响她,使她变得冷淡而克制起来。
2.academic year: n.school year.The part of the year during which school
is in seion.学年
Academic: concerning the reaching or studying of subjects taught to
provide skills for the mind, especially in a college or
university.(尤指大专院校)教学上的【例句】academic achievement 学术成果
academic community 学术界
Academic Affairs Office教务处
3.take (time)off: not to go to work for a particular period of time.休息,不工作
【例句】I’m taking a couple of weeks off.我准备休息几个星期。
4.jump at something: to accept something eagerly马上接受
【例句】I’d jump at the chance of going abroad.有出国的机会我会立刻接受。
5.initiative: n.the first movement or action which starts something
happening发端,首创
【例句】a man of great initiative进取心很强的人
[相关搭配] take the initiative首先做某事,采取主动
【例句】He has taken the initiative to improve relations with her.他首先主动与她改善关系。
on your own initiative主动地,自己决定地
【例句】Did he do it on his own initiative?他是自己主动做的吗?
6.be faced with something: to have to deal with something difficult or
unpleasant,面临某事(指难题或讨厌的事)
【例句】We were faced with a difficult choice.我们面临的是棘手的选择。
7.receion: n.a period of reduced trade and busine activity经济衰退期
8.redundancy: n.a case of losing your job because there is not enough
work裁员,解雇
9.cut back: to reduce something减少(某物)
【例句】We need to cut back on our expenditure.我们需要减少开支。
10.participate in: to take part in an activity or event参加(活动)
【例句】We were invited to participate in the discuion.我们获邀请参加讨论。
11.crisis: n.an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty危机,危急关头
【例句】economic crisis经济危机
energy crisis能源危机
In times of crisis it's good to have a friend to turn to.危难时好在有朋友可以投奔。
12.volunteer: n.a person who is willing to do something unpaid志愿者 v.to offer to do something自愿做(某事)
【例句】This work costs us nothing.It’s all done by volunteers.这项工作我们分文未花,全是由志愿者做的。
He volunteered to help me move.他主动提出帮我搬家。
13.put forward: 提出
【例句】Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?
我推荐你担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗? 14.cabin crew: “cabin” means the enclosed space at the front of an
aircraft in which the pilot sits(飞机的)驾驶舱;“crew” means all the people
working on a plane全体工作人员
15.take advantage of: to make use of something or someone, sometimes
unfairly利用(某人或某物)
【例句】It never occurred to me to take advantage of him.我决没有想到过要占他的便宜。
16.recruit:
1)v.attract new members to join an organization or a company招募,吸收
【例句】We are having difficulties in recruiting well-qualified staff.我们难以招募到素质好的职员。
2)n.new member of a society or group新成员,新会员
【例句】New recruits to our music club are always welcome.我们的音乐俱乐部随时欢迎新会员参加。
17.from scratch: from nothing, from the beginning从头做起,从零做起
【例句】He lost all his money and had to start again completely from scratch.他损失了所有的钱, 只好再从头做起.There were so many spelling mistakes and I had to write the letter out
again from scratch.这封信的拼写错误太多, 我得重写一遍.18.dole: n.money that you receive from the government because you are
unemployed(政府的)失业救济金
[相关词] on the dole: receiving money from the government because you are
unemployed领取(政府的)失业救济金
【例句】I’ve been on the dole for six months.我领失业救济金已经有六个月了。
19.better off: in a more fortunate or prosperous condition情况更好
【例句】Since my husband was made the manager, we are better off.自从我的丈夫被任命为经理以来,我们的情况好转了。
20.take on: to start to employ someone开始雇佣(某人)
【例句】We’re taking on a new secretary this week.本周我们聘请了一位新秘书。
21.the European community: 欧洲经济共同体,英文名称为European Economic
community,简称EEC,它是法国、联邦德国、意大利、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡根据1957年3月25日签定无限期有效的《罗马条约》而建立的,该条约于1958年1月正式生效。以后陆续加入的有:英国、爱尔兰、丹麦、希腊、西班牙、葡萄牙。在欧洲经济共同体成立之前,已经有1952年生效的欧洲煤钢联营组织(ECSC)。《罗马条约》不仅建立了欧洲经济共同体,而且还建立了欧洲原子能共同体(Euratom),1967年7月欧洲煤钢联营组织、欧洲原子能共同体和欧洲经济共同体合而为一,组成了统一的管理机构,该称为欧洲共同体(简称欧共体,European
community)。共同体成立以后,逐步朝经济一体化和政治一体化的目标推进。在经济方面,已建立了关税同盟,对外实行统一的关税制度,并开始实行共同农业政策,逐步形成一个货物、劳力、劳务和资本自由流通的市场。在政治上,要求把共同体建成政治上统一的欧洲联盟,加强协商制度。共同体合计国民生产总值仅次于美国。该共同体和非洲、加勒比海和太平洋地区的发展中国家先后签定了3个《洛美协定》,就发展中国家同西欧工业发达国家之间的贸易经济关系作了规定。欧共体对世界经济有着巨大的影响。到80年代末,欧洲统一市场建立在即,1991年12月9日至11日,欧共体12国国家或政府首脑云集荷兰马斯特里赫特城,讨论和修改了主席国荷兰提出的经济货币联盟和政治联盟条约草案,并于1992年2月履行了《欧洲联盟条约》的签字手续,至此,欧洲联盟(European
Union)成立。
22.be applicable to: suitable for or relating directly to a particular
person or situation合适的,适用的【例句】This rule is not applicable to foreigners.这条规则不适用于外国人。
23.be on offer: be available供出售的【例句】The house is on offer.房屋待售。
There is little work on offer.几乎没有什么工作可找。
Baked beans are on offer this week at the local supermarket.在当地超级市场本周烘豆罐头大减价.24.standard: n.generally recognized as correct or acceptable标准的,规矩的【例句】standard English标准英语
safety standards安全标准
The students want to learn standard pronunciation.学生想学习标准的发音。
II.Difficult Sentences 1)Faced last autumn with the receion and with its failure to acquire
more flight slots out of Heathrow Airport, the company was having to
consider redundancies.要点:faced with:过去分词做状语,表示原因。
acquire flight slot: get or obtain flight schedule(for one’s own
airline)from the airport.航空公司获得机场额外安排的航班,以填补飞行空挡。
译文:去年秋天,面对经济衰退以及无法从希思罗机场获得更多的额外航班的状况,该公司不得不考虑裁员。
2)Most of the volunteers were cabin crew but other staff, including
secretaries and pilots, took advantage of the offer as well.要点:including引导现在分词短语做非限制性定语,修饰staff.take advantage of:利用
翻译:大多数志愿者是乘务人员,但是其他的工作人员,包括秘书和飞行员,也同样享受这个政策。
Word Study 1.involve: 基本用法
1)vt.to cause someone to become connected or concerned使(某人)卷入;牵涉(某人)
【例句】It shouldn’t be neceary to involve the other departments.没必要把其他部门也牵涉进来。
Please don’t involve me in your domestic problems.请别把我卷入你们的家庭问题中去
2)vt.to have something as a neceary part or result包含,含有„„结果。
【例句】The job involved my living in London.工作需要我住在伦敦。
Giving advice at the right time has to involve a great deal of
intelligence.在适当的时间提建议需要人的睿智。
相关搭配:
involve with/in卷入,牵涉
be/become/get involved牵涉进
【例句】involve the country in a war使国家陷入战祸。
I wouldn’t get involved with him if I were you.如果我是你,我就不会卷进与他的瓜葛。
be involved with涉及
【例句】This problem is closely involved with the management of pastures.这问题跟牧场的管理紧密相关。
相关词:
involved: adj.卷入的,参与的【例句】She’s involved in Red Cro work.她参与了红十字会的工作。
involvement: n.连累,包含,牵连到的事物
【例句】the active involvement of thousands of people in the election
campaign.在竞选活动中成千上万的人的积极参与
The government is trying to play down their involvement in the
affair.政府极力淡化与该事的瓜葛。
Many people were elected to take part in democratic involvement.很多人被选举参与民主管理。
2.content 基本用法
1)adj.[never before a noun不能用于名词前]satisfied and happy心满意足的【例句】Dad seems really content since he retired.爸爸自退休以后,似乎很满足。
I’m very content with what I’ve got.我对于自己所拥有的一切感到非常满足。
She was content to let him deal with all the arrangements.她很愿意让他去做一切安排。
2)vt.to make someone feel happy or satisfied使(某人)心满意足
【例句】Simple praise is enough to content him.他只要听到实事求是的表扬就心满意足了。
As there is no cream, we’ll have to content ourselves with black
coffee.既然没有奶油,我们只好喝黑咖啡算了。
3)n.the subject matter of something内容
【例句】It’s not the style of the book I object to;it’s the content.我反对的不是那本书的风格,而是内容。
4)n.the amount of a substance contained in something含量
【例句】Oranges have a high water contents.橘子的水分含量很高。
5)contents[pl] the things that are contained in something内含物,内容
【例句】Check the chapter headings on the contents page.在目录页查一下各章的标题。
He drank the entire contents of the bottle.他把瓶里的东西喝光了。
相关用法:
be content to/with满足的,满意的content oneself with something使自己满足于某物
【例句】He is content to stay in his present job.他对现在的工作心满意足。
He is content with present life.他对现在的生活很满意。
We can’t go abroad so we content ourselves with a holiday in
Shanghai.今年我们不能出国,所以只能去上海度假了。
3)advance 基本用法:
1)vi.to improve in understanding or development取得进展,改进
【例句】Scientists have advanced greatly in their knowledge of physics.科学家对物理学的了解已取得巨大进展。
2)vt.to help or support a cause促进,推进
【例句】advance the cause of peace促进和平事业
advance one’s own interests at the expense of others损人利己
3)vt.to bring something forward把(某事)提前
【例句】The date of the meeting was advanced.会议的日期提前了。
The clock has been advanced one hour.钟已拨快一小时。
4)vt.to provide money earlier than the usual or proper time预付(钱)
【例句】The company will advance you £200 until your salary is paid.在给你发工资前,公司将预付你两百英镑。
5)vt.to introduce or suggest something提出建议
【例句】The report advances the suggestion that safety standards should be
improved.该报告建议应该改进安全标准。
6)n.improvement or progre进展,进步
【例句】There have been great advances in medicine in the last 50 years.医学在过去的五十年有很大的发展。
7)n.money that is paid or lent before the proper time预支,贷款
【例句】Some authors are given an advance on their books.有些作者可以得到预支的稿费。
8)adj.happening before something else预先的,事前的【例句】We had no advance warning of his arrival.我们预先没有接到他将到达的提醒。
相关词:
advanced: adj.先进的,领先的,高级的【例句】England is an advanced industrial country.英国是一个发达的工业国家。
The ancient Egyptians had advanced civilization.古埃及人曾经拥有高度文明。
advancement: n.进步,发展,提升,升级
【例句】He’s very concerned about his own advancement at work.他十分关注自己在工作中的提升。
the advancement of learning学术的长进
相关搭配
in advance:在前面,预先,事先
【例句】The guard of honor marched in advance.仪仗队走在前头。
Pay $100 in advance.预付100美元。
You ought to have told me in advance.你本该事先告诉我的。
4.present 基本用法
1)vt.to give something to someone, especially at an official
ceremony赠给,献给,呈给
【例句】He presented a silver cup to the winner.他把银杯颁给了获胜者。
2)vt.to be the cause of a problem or difficulty引起(问题或困难)
【例句】His resignation presented us with a rather tricky situation.他的辞职让我们的处境相当尴尬。
3)vt.to give or show to people in a formal way提交,呈送
【例句】The committee is to present its report next week.委员会定于下星期提交报告。
4)vt.to show to the public in a theatre, cinema, etc.上演,上映(戏剧、电影等)
【例句】The local theatre company is presenting “Hamlet” next week.当地的剧团将于下周上演《哈姆雷特》。
5)n.something that you give to someone as a gift, often on a special
occasion礼物(常指在特殊场合赠送的礼品)
【例句】They unwrapped their Christmas presents.他们打开了自己的圣诞礼物。
6)n.the present: the time that is happening now现在【例句】You should live in the present—don’t worry about the future.你应当面对的是现在—不要担心将来。
the present tense现在时
7)adj.in a particular place at a particular time出席的,在场的【例句】How many people were present at the meeting?该会议有多少人出席?
8)adj.existing now现存的,现在的【例句】the present government现政府
the present system现行制度
articles for present use供眼下使用的物品
相关搭配:
at present现在,目前
【例句】I don’t want to get married at present.我目前不想结婚。
He is at present in Beijing.他眼下在北京。
be present to出现在(头脑、想象等)之中
【例句】The scenic spot is still vividly present to our senses.风景胜地仍然栩栩如生地浮现在我们眼前。
make a present of sth to sb./make sb a present of sth把某物赠送给某人,奉送某人某物
【例句】He made me a present of a book.他送给我一本书。
相关词
presentation: n.赠送,授予,提出,提供,呈现,显示,引见,表演,上演
【例句】the presentation of a gift赠送礼物
The scholarship was an annual presentation.奖学金每年颁授一次。
His presentation was clear and incisive.他的叙述清晰而犀利。
the presentation of sb.to„向„„引见某人
【例句】the presentation of the new ballet新芭蕾剧的上演
5.initiative 基本用法
1)n.the first movement or action which starts something happening发端,首创
【例句】launch a new peace initiative提出一项新的和平倡议
lack initiative缺乏首创精神
a man of great initiative进取心很强的人
2)n.the ability to make decisions and take action without the help of
other people决断能力,主动能力
【例句】I wish you’d show some initiative instead of always asking me what to
do.我希望你表现得主动一些,别老是问我该做什么。
相关搭配
take the initiative首先做某事,采取主动
【例句】He has taken the initiative to improve relations with her.他首先主动与她改善关系。
We should not take the initiative on bombing.我们不应该首先发动轰炸。
on your own initiative主动地,自己决定地
【例句】Did he do it on his own initiative?他是自己主动做的吗?
相关词
initial: adj.最初的,开始的【例句】the initial expenditure创办费
The doctor charged £7 for the initial consultation.医生收初诊费7磅。
initiate: vt.发起,创办,提出(措施等)
【例句】initiate a conversation开始交谈
initiate a chain reaction引起连锁反应
The club will initiate new members on Tuesday.俱乐部将在星期二正式接纳新会员。
Grammar Focus Words of Job Application 关于求职的英语单词
I.1.在求职前,应先做好CV(=Curriculum Vitae)(简短的)履历表。它应包括:personal
details个人资料,qualifications资历,experience工作经历
2.留心各类job advertisement(招聘广告),注意查看job vacancy(职位空缺),job
title(工作名称或职别),job requirements(工作要求),salary(薪水),working
conditions(工作条件),career prospects(职业前途或职业发展前景)。
3.递交letter of application(求职信)
4.
求职者将会在规定的时间和地点(appointment)参加面试(interview),用人单位将在面试者中选出最优秀的候选人(the best
candidates)。
II.在写英文简历时应包括以下方面
1.个人资料或个人详情 Personal Data or Personal Details
一、Name(姓名),二、Addre(通信地址),三、Postal Code/ Zip code(邮政编号),四、Phone
Number(电话号码),五、Sex(性别): Male(男)或Female(女),六、Date of Birth/
D.O.B.(出生日期),七、Birthplace(出生地点),八、Nationality(国籍或民族),九、Height(身高),十、Weight(体重),十
一、Marital
Status(婚姻状况),十
二、Number of Children(子女人数),十
三、Health
Condition(健康状况):excellent(极佳)、very
good(很好)、strong(强壮),十
四、Hobbies(业余爱好),十
五、Membership(会员资格),十
六、Number of
Identification Card(身份证号码)
2.应聘职位 Job Objective 3.工作经历 Work Experience 4.学历 Education 5.社会实践 Social Practice
6.课外活动 Extracurricular Activities 7.奖励 Rewards 8.技术资格与特别技能 Technical Qualifications and Special Skills 9.科研成果 Scientific Research Achievements Function and Structure Describe One’s Occupation(描述某人的职业)A.Expreions presented in this part can be used to describe one’s job and job-related experiences, but don’t forget that it’s often considered to be impolite or even rude to inquire about a person’s income directly.In some corporate cultures, employees are not allowed to compare and exchange information about salaries, rewards, bonuses, or other benefits they receive respectively.A probe into the details of one’s work responsibilities is also prohibitive in most cases.But for most young job starters, to learn something about the job they are going to take is eential for them to avoid job-hopping later: Is this job at the right level for you? Are you going to be proud of what you are doing? Are you earning le than others in the same position? You may approach friends, relatives or career advisors for such information.It’s also a good idea to explore further into a certain job position at the interview.To discu things like what you are expected to do exactly at work and what you can obtain from the job will impre the interviewers that you are rather serious about the job offer.B.询问某人的工作情况可从以下几个方面着手:
1)询问某人是干什么的:
What is your job? What do you do for a living? 2)在哪里工作:
Where do you work? 3)询问某人的职责:
What do you do there? 4)对工作的感受:
How do you like your work? C.Words and expreions relating to income:
salary: fixed compensation for services, paid to a person on a regular
basis薪水,薪金,付给一个人的固定劳动补偿,尤指公职人员,职员等拿的按年、按月或按周计算的年薪,月薪或周薪。
wages: payment for labor or services to a worker especially remuneration
on an hourly, daily, or weekly basis or by the piece尤指按小时、天数或周给或按工作量给的工资。
pay: money given in return for work done酬金,包括工资,薪金
overtime pay: payment for additional work done outside of regular working
hours加班费,对在正常工作时间之外做的额外工作所付的报酬。
bonus: a sum of money or the equivalent given to an employee in addition
to the employee’s usual compensation奖金,给雇员工资以外的一笔钱,或相应的东西。
income: the amount of money or its equivalent received during a period of
time in exchange for labor or services, from the sale of goods or
property, or as profit from financial investments收入
allowance: something, such as money, given at regular intervals or for a
specific purpose津贴,补贴
fringe benefits: an additional benefit provided to an employee, for
example, a company car or health insurance额外福利
D.accountant 会计 actor 男演员 actre 女演员 architect 建筑师 artist 艺术家 astronaut 宇航员 athlete 运动员 anthropologist人类学家 barber 理发师(男)baseball player 棒球选手 bell boy 门童 bellhop 旅馆的行李员 boxer 拳击手 broker(agent)经纪人 bus driver 公车(巴士)司机 butcher 屠夫,肉商buyer 采购员 carpenter木匠 cartoonist 漫画家 cashier 出纳员cook 厨师 chemist 化学师 clerk 店员 clown小丑computer programmer 程序员 cowboy牛仔 customs officer海关官员 dancer 舞者dentist 牙科医生 designer 设计师 desk clerk 接待员 detective 侦探doctor 医生 driver 司机 dustman 清洁工 editor 编辑electrician 电工 engineer 工程师 farmer 农夫 fashion designer时装设计师fireman(firefighter)消防员 fisherman 渔
夫 florist 花商 flyer 飞行员Foreign minister 外交部长 gardener花匠(园丁)gas station attendant 加油工 geologist 地质学家guard警卫 guide 导游 hairdreer 理发师,美容师(女)housekeeper 管家housewife家庭主妇 interpreter口译员 janitor 清洁工 journalist 记者judge 法官 lawyer律师 librarian图书管理员 life guard 救生员magician 魔术师 mathematician 数学家 mechanic 机械师 ,机修工 miner 矿工 model 模特儿 monk 和尚,教士 movie director 导演 movie star电影明星
musician音乐家 nun 尼姑 nurse 护士 policeman 警察
postman 邮差 President 总统 priest 牧师 profeor 教授
receptionist 接待员 repairman 修理工人 reporter 记者 sailor 船员,水手 salesman售货员 scientist 科学家 secretary 秘书 singer 歌手soldier 士兵,军人 tailor 裁缝师 taxi drive计程车司机 teacher 教师 technician 技术人员 tour guide 导游 traffic warden 交通管理员 translator 翻译(笔译)typist 打字员 vet 兽医 waiter 侍者(服务生)waitre 女侍者(服务生)writer 作家 worker 工人
Practical Reading Job Advertisement 1.PR: Public Relations公关
2.to do ten things at one: 字面上是“同时做10件事”,相当于说“办事高效”
3.leading: 领先的4.a superb opportunity: 口语化说法,意思是“绝佳的机会”
5.a Fortune 500 US manufacture:一家名列《财富》杂志500强的美国制造商
6.has„open: 有„„职位空缺
7.Aociate Bachelor Degree:大专文凭
8.equivalent: 同等水平
9.secretarial skills:文书工作
10.power point documents:电子幻灯演示文档
11.files:档案资料
12.corporate culture:企业文化
13.competitive compensation & benefit package:有竞争力的补助和福利套餐
14.Human Resources Department:人力资源部 Homework 1.Vocabulary 2.Grammar 3.Reading Summary In this unit, students have known main content of this unit.After cla, students should learn more details.
第14篇:汉语教案
汉语教案
跟我学汉语,第二十二课 : “星期六你干什么”
学习时间: 一节课 50分钟
一、教学目标:
1.学会星期的表达。
2.学会课文里的动词。
3.词语: 星期、打算、干、看、电影、行、可以。
4.补充词语: 星期
一、星期
二、星期
三、星期
四、星期
五、星期
六、星期天/日、上学、打球、学汉语、听音乐、去朋友家、上网、今天、明天、学开车。
5.句型: (日期 + 人+打算 + 干什么)。
二、教学重点
学会星期的表达,学会课文里的动词。
星期
一、星期
二、星期
三、星期
四、星期
五、星期
六、星期天、星期日、上学、打球、学汉语、听音乐、去朋友家、上网、今天、明天、学开车。
三、教学难点
学会用“打算”(日期 + 人+打算 + 干什么)。四、教学教具:
1.课本书。 2.练习册。3.字卡。4.测试题。
五、教学过程:
(一)导入新知识
5分钟
老师问学生一个星期有几天?然后问学生知道吗?星期和日
期汉语怎么说?还问学生星期有几种说法?
(二)新知识讲解 30分钟
1.老师教第二十二课的生词让学生打开课本翻到120页,让学生跟老师读两遍,老师解释生词的意思。比如:
วนจนทร์
星期一
上学เข้าเรียน
วนองคาร 星期二
วนพุธ
星期三
打球เตะฟุตบอล
วนพฤหสบดี 星期四
วนศุกร์
星期五
学汉语 เรียนภาษาจีน
วนเสาร์
星期六
วนอาทิตย์
星期天,星期日
听音乐 ฟังเพลง
去朋友家 ไปบ้านเพือน
上网
让学生跟老师读两遍,然后让他们自己读两遍。
*注意: 老师告诉学生星期有三种说法(星期、周、礼拜)
学生了解了以后,老师用字卡问学生汉语怎么读。如果学生读错老师就纠正。老师让学生做游戏,老
师解释玩游戏的方法给学生听。
2.学生认识了生词以后,老师让学生打开课本翻到121页 。让学生跟着老师读课文两遍,然后学生自己读两遍。老师把两个学生分成一组,让学生练习课文的对话。然后老师选4-5组的学生出来表演对话。
茉莉:家明,星期六你打算干什么?
家明:我打算跟通猜、杰克一起看
电影。你打算干什么?
茉莉:我跟你们一起去看电影,行吗?
家明:当然可以。
3.老师解释怎么用“打算”,打算是动词,比如:
放假我打算去北京旅游。
明天他打算去买东西。
毕业了以后你打算干什么?
(三)课后练习10 分钟
老师让学生做练习册第86页, 做3题,第87-88页 做3题, 第89-90页 做4题
(四)总结布置作业 5 分钟
老师跟学生总结今天的课文内容,学生还有哪个部分不懂,老师可以
重新讲一遍。老师让学生回家复习今天的内容,还要预习下节课。今天的作业是老师让学生准备生词(汉字),下节课老师要听写汉字。(生词: 星期,打算,干,看,电影,行,可以,星期一,星期二,星期三,星期四,星期五,星期六,星期天/日,上学,打球,学汉语,听音乐,去朋友家,上网,今天,明天,学开车)。
第15篇:汉语教案
教学题目:
第九课.我尝到了桌洞乱的苦头(课文一)
教学目标:
知识与智能:1.识读本课16个词语,重点掌握《滑、瞎、操心,扰乱、破、训练》等词语的词意和实际运用。
2.能用本课生字 “纪、础、页、课、堂、滑、病、练”组词,掌握结构,笔顺和偏旁。
过程与方法:1.运用讲解,查词典,互相讨论的方法理解每个生字、词的意思和实际运用。
2.利用课文教材,通过听说读写训练,培养口语交际能力.情感态度价值观:培养学生从小就养成良好的学习和生活习惯,不要因为坏习惯影响自己的学习和生活,同时也不要因为不良的习惯给别人带来坏处。
教学重点:1.识读本课16个词语,重点掌握《滑、瞎、操心,扰乱、破、训练》等词语的词意和实际运用。
2.能用本课所学的生字“纪、础、页、课、堂、滑、病、练”组词掌握结构,笔顺和偏旁。
教学难点:1.重点掌握《《滑、瞎、操心,扰乱、破、训练》等词语的词意和实际运用。
2.掌握生字的书写规律。
课型,课时:新课,两课时
教学手段:教科书插图,生字和词语卡片。
教学方法:范读法,领读法,讲解法,合作探讨法,练习法
第一课时
教学过程:
一,导入:提问,谈话导入新课
同学们,你们在学习和生活中有没有坏毛病,一个人在生活和学习中,会不会因为一些坏毛病和不良的习惯,而影响自己的学习和生活。
你们有没有想过改掉自己的这些坏毛病呢?今天我们认识一位小朋友。我们一起阅读课文,看看那个小朋友有什么样的习惯,结果造成了什么样的后果。你们想不想跟着老师读一读、学习这篇课文的内容?那我们一起学习第九课“我尝到了桌洞乱的苦头”。
板书课题,第九课.“我尝到了桌洞乱的苦头” 二, 讲授新课
(老师把课文给学生范读一遍,学生认真听)
师:我们为了更好的理解课文内容先理解本篇课文的生字和有些没有学过的词语,你们打开书边阅读课文边画出课文中的生字,和没有学过的的词语(学生阅读课文,画出生字和词语并说给老师听,老师把生字、词语写在黑板上)。
师:同学们,这些是我们以前没有学过的生字和词语,这里面有没有你们课外学习中认识的字和词呢?如有学生举手说说,对的老师肯定,错的老师纠正,并表扬学生课外自学汉语的习惯和鼓励其他学生向他们学习。师:那我们继续学习其他生字和词语
一、词语学习
1.苦头
(kǔ tóu)___ 组词:吃苦头
造句:为了解决这件事情,我吃了不少苦头
2.秩序
(zhì xù)___ 生字:秩(左右结构,禾木旁,十笔)
生字:序(半包围结构,广字头,七笔)组词组:课堂秩序,3.基础
(jīchǔ)___ 生字:础(左右结构,石字旁,十笔)组词:基础
造句:他的汉语基础很好。我们掌握了基础知识。
4.滑 (huá)___
生字:滑(左右结构,三点水,11笔)
造句:路很滑,你走路要小心点儿。
5.课堂(kè táng)
生字:课(左右结构,言字旁,10笔)组词:上课
生字:堂(上下结构,小字头,11笔)组词:课堂 造句:老师慢慢地走进了课堂。
6.纪律 (jì lǜ)
组词组:保持纪律,课堂纪律
造句: 他的行为影响了课堂纪律。7.页
(yè)
生字:页(上下结构,6画)
造句:他把词语抄了三页。
老师把这些词语给学生讲解讲解意思,用让学生用生字组词,用词组成词组,造句的方法加深对字词的理解并提高口语表达能力。
二、知识巩固和拓展
1.认读所学的生字和词语
2.用下列汉字组词
纪()()
课()()
滑()
()
秩()
()
三、课后小结
同学们我们通过学习这篇课文相关词语和生字,掌握了一些词语。这样就容易理解课文内容,这对以后的课文学习很有帮助,下课后一定要再看看这些词语并牢记。板书设计:
第九课.我尝到了桌洞乱的苦头(课文一)词语学习
一、词语学习
1.苦头
(kǔ tóu)___ 组词:吃苦头
造句:为了解决这件事情,我吃了不少苦头
2.秩序
(zhì xù)___ 生字:秩(左右结构,禾木旁,十笔)
生字:序(半包围结构,广字头,七笔)组词组:课堂秩序,3.基础
(jīchǔ)___ 生字:础(左右结构,石字旁,十笔)组词:基础
造句:他的汉语基础很好。我们掌握了基础知识。
4.滑 (huá)___
生字:滑(左右结构,三点水,11笔)
造句:路很滑,你走路要小心点儿。
5.课堂(kè táng)
生字:课(左右结构,言字旁,10笔)组词:上课
生字:堂(上下结构,小字头,11笔)组词:课堂 造句:老师慢慢地走进了课堂。
6.纪律 (jì lǜ)
组词组:保持纪律,课堂纪律
造句: 他的行为影响了课堂纪律。
7.页
(yè)
生字:页(上下结构,6画)
造句:他把词语抄了三页。作业布置:1.把每个词语抄写五遍
2.预习后面的词语
课后反思:........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................第二课时
教学过程:
一,导入:复习上节课内容导入师生合作在黑板上听写上节课学过的生字、词语,进行组词、组成词组、造句。二,讲授新课(一)词语学习
同学们我们在上节课学了哪一课,什么内容?………,这节课我们继续学习剩下的词语。
8.瞎
(xiā)___ 乱,胡乱
(瞎嚷嚷)
9.操心 (cāo xīn)___ 用心考虑和照管。(瞎操心,不用操心)10.坏处(huài chù)___ 不好的。(很多坏处,带来坏处)11.不像样(búxiàngyàng)没有样子。(不像样的本子)
12.毛病 (máo bìng)___ 缺点,坏习惯。(你要改掉这个毛病。)13.扰乱(rǎo luàn)
使混乱不安。(我们不能扰乱学校的纪律。)14.破
(pò)___ 完整的东西受到损伤变得不完整。(破衣服)
15.训练
(xùn liàn)___ 有计划有步骤地使具有某种特长或技能。
造句:足球队每天训练到下午六点。(老师把这些生字和词语老师给学生一个个的讲解正确读音,讲解词意,用让学生用字组词,用词组词组,造句的方法跟加理解词义并提高口语表达能力。)
(二)知识巩固和拓展 1.组织学生认读所学的生字和词语 2.读一读,说一说,并组成词组。
改掉
毛病
基础
知识
不像样的衣服
扰乱 秩序
破
课本
训练
方法
三、课后小结
同学们,我们通过学习这篇课文相关词语和生字,掌握了一些词语。这样就容易理解课文内容,这对以后的课文学习很有帮助。通过学习,我们认识了好多词语,就容易理解课文内容,并能独立完成课后练习下课后一定要再看看这些词语并牢记。(老师给学生安排作业)板书设计:
第九课.我尝到了桌洞乱的苦头(课文一)词语学习
词语学习
8.瞎
(xiā)___ 乱,胡乱
(瞎嚷嚷)
9.操心 (cāo xīn)___ 用心考虑和照管。(瞎操心,不用操心)10.坏处(huài chù)___ 不好的。(很多坏处,带来坏处)11.不像样(búxiàngyàng)没有样子。(不像样的本子)
12.毛病 (máo bìng)___ 缺点,坏习惯。(你要改掉这个毛病。)布置作业:1.把每个词语在作业本上抄写五遍
2.做同步练习第28-29页 。课后反思:
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................----教学题目:
第九课.我尝到了桌洞乱的苦头(课文一)
教学目标:
知识与智能:1.运用边读边想边记的读书方法,熟读课文内容,读懂每句话,理解课文内容。
2.学习本课句型“….好不容易……。,能结合情景实际运用。”
3.能根据提供的话题进行真实交际,并能独立完成课后练习。 过程与方法:1.运用读书,讲解,小组互相讨论的方法理解每个句子的意思,并理解课文内容。
2.利用课文教材,通过听说读写训练,培养口语交际能力.情感态度价值观:培养学生改掉自己的坏毛病养成良好的学习和生活习惯。 教学重点:
1.读懂每句话,理解课文内容。
2.能根据提供的话题进行真实交际,并能独立完成课后练习。
教学难点:1.学习本课句型“…….好不容易……。” 能结合情景实际运用。
2.能根据提供的话题进行真实交际,并能独立完成课后练习课型,课时:新课,三课时 教学手段:教科书插图,词语卡片。
教学方法:领读法,讲解法,讨论法,合作学习法。
第一课时
教学过程:
一,导入:回忆课题及课文的主要内容来导入新课。(老师用小题引导学生学习课文。)二,讲授新课
(一)课文与句型学习
老师:同学们,我们在上节课学了 哪些词语?……..(学生随便回答)老师:那我们在这节课学习这一课的课文,就认识一个今天我们认识一位小朋友。我们一起阅读课文,看看那个小朋友有什么样的习惯,结果造成了什么样的后果。你们想不想跟着老师读一读、学习这篇课文的内容?那我们一起学习第九课“我尝到了桌洞乱的苦头”。
1.老师先把课文给学生范读一边,学生看着书用手指指着句子听老师范读,顺便将不认识,不理解的字和词的读音写在书上。 2.老师指导学生领读课文。
3.学生自己轻声读课文,老师巡视学生读课文的情况。 师:我们把课文读了几遍,现在我们一起将课文分自然段。(学生把课文分自然段标出序号。)
师:现在我们按自然段读课文,哪位学生读读第一段?(学生举手和点名读课文)
师:一位学生读课文时其他学生注意听,读完后大家一起评价,老师指导,读错的地方老师及时纠正。读完后学生评价。
(同样方法读下面的其他自然段。全篇课文读完后学生提出没理解的字和词,老师给学生解释词意。)5.句子学习:
师:老师又一次范读课文,在读课文的过程中找出重点句子,将这些句子写在黑板上,(学生听写在本子上)讲解句子中带点词在句子中的词意和带点词在句子的意思,引导学生模仿造句。
(通过句子学习,学生跟着讲解,模仿造句,更加理解带点词在句子中的用处。)
1.我只好小心地翻着乱糟糟的桌洞。
他只好回去打扫卫生。2.我的话引起了其他同学的不满。
他的声音引起了大家的注意。三,小结:
同学们,我们在这节课学了《我尝到了桌洞乱的苦头》这一课的课文,通过这节课的学习我们大概了解了课文的主要内容,学了两个句型。下一节课我们还进一步加深对课文内容的理解。希望同学们按课文内容提出几个小题过来。(老师给学生安排作业)
板书设计:
第九课.我尝到了桌洞乱的苦头(课文一)
1.我只好小心地翻着乱糟糟的桌洞。
他只好回去打扫卫生。2.我的话引起了其他同学的不满。
他的声音引起了大家的注意。
作业:朗读课文(三遍)。按课文内容提出三个小题。
课后反思:.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................--------------------------
第二课时
教学过程:
一,导入: 检查学生完成作业的情况导入。老师让学生朗读课文,让学生提出已备的小题来加深学生对课文内容的理解)二,讲授新课 1.理解课文内容
师:现在我们用小题问答理解课文内容。我们先按自然段陈述一下内容,谁说说第一段讲的内容?(师生合作先读自然段,然后说说本段的主要内容,说完后师生互相评价,该补充的内容老师补充。用同样地方法理解其他自然段的内容。)
最后师生一起说说整篇课文内容,老师做指导,学生复述。2.交际活动
师生按课文内容进行小题问答。
1)“我”桌洞乱的原因是什么?
答: 因为,“我”从来不整理桌洞。
2)别人叫“我”整理,“我”怎么样?
答:“我”对别人说:“我没有时间”
3)数学课上,“我”为什么没有听好课?
答:没有找到数学课本。
4)桌洞乱的坏处有哪些?
答:如果桌洞乱,会影响自己和别人的学习。
(师生合作找出答案,对积极发言的学生进行表扬,不足的地方师生一起纠正。)
(二)知识巩固和拓展
按课文内容判断正误
1“我”的桌洞很乱。(√)
2.“我”在数学课上的表现很好。
(×)
3.因为“我”的桌洞乱,而引起了大家的不满。
(√)
4.“我”决心改掉这个坏毛病。(√)三,课后小结:
同学们,我们通过这篇课的学习掌握了课文的主要内容。认识了一位做事爱动脑筋的聪明的孩子,通过两个孩子的做法,学会了做什么事情都要动脑筋找出解决问题最好的办法。这样才会将事情办好,赢得大家的赞同。你们在学习和生活中,遇到问题时应像那个孩子一样,多动脑筋找出解决
问题最好的办法,努力当一名聪明才智的好学生。(老师给学生安排作业)板书设计:
第九课.我尝到了桌洞乱的苦头(课文一)
一、按课文内容进行小题问答。
1)“我”桌洞乱的原因是什么?
答: 因为,“我”从来不整理桌洞。
2)别人叫“我”整理,“我”怎么样?
答:“我”对别人说:“我没有时间”
3)数学课上,“我”为什么没有听好课?
答:没有找到数学课本。
4)桌洞乱的坏处有哪些?
答:如果桌洞乱,会影响自己和别人的学习。
作业:抄写文中重点句子。课后反思:
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................第三课时
教学过程:
一,导入: 复习上节课内容导入(按课文内容回答问题)
二,讲授新课
把练习题先一个一个的让学生在书上和练习本上自己独立做做,老师检查学生做的练习题,然后做对的学生上黑板做,做完师生一起判断正误。
(一)、听力练习1.按课文内容判断正误。
1)“我”的桌洞很乱。(√)
2)“我”在数学课上的表现很好。
(×)
3)因为“我”的桌洞乱,而引起了大家的不满。
4)“我”决心改掉这个坏毛病。(√)
(二)字词练习1选词填空。
劳累
担心
打扰
扰乱
(1)由于太(劳累)了,他回家后动也不想动。(2)别(担心),他的病会好的。(3)他正在讲课,别去(打扰)他。(4)他不停的讲话,(扰乱)了秩序。2.连一连,组一组。
氵 页
洞
疒
王
林
理
讠
火
同
烦
广
广
里
麻
氵
3.用指定的词语完成句子。)果
病
坐
课
丙
座
骨
滑
(√
1)房间太乱了,你快点儿整理一下。
(整理)2)为了取得好成绩,我们决心好好复习
。(决心)
3)外面有些吵,我好不容易听到你说的话了
。(好不容易)
4)爸爸、妈妈每天
为我的学习操心
。(操心)
(三)句子练习1.模仿造句。
(1)好不容易才找到那坡得不像样的课本。
我好不容易才做完了今天的作业。
(四)课文练习
1)“我”桌洞乱的原因是什么?
答: 因为,“我”从来不整理桌洞。
2)别人叫“我”整理,“我”怎么样?
答:“我”对别人说:“我没有时间”
3)数学课上,“我”为什么没有听好课?
答:没有找到数学课本。
4)桌洞乱的坏处有哪些?
答:如果桌洞乱,会影响自己和别人的学习。
课后小结:
(老师给学生安排作业:同步练习30-32页)板书设计:
第九课.我尝到了桌洞乱的苦头(练习)
2.连一连,组一组。
氵 页
洞
疒
果
病
王
林
理
讠
坐
课
火
同
烦
广
丙
座
广
里
麻
氵
骨
滑
3.用指定的词语完成句子。
1)房间太乱了,你快点儿整理一下。
(整理)2)为了取得好成绩,我们决心好好复习
。(决心)
3)外面有些吵,我好不容易听到你说的话了
。(好不容易)
4)爸爸、妈妈每天
为我的学习操心
。(操心)课后反思:..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................教学题目:
第九课.习惯
(课文二)教学目标:
知识与智能:1.理解本课词语的读音、写法,将词语运用在实际生活中。.2.能正确,流利的朗读对话,理解对话的主要内容。
3.能独立完成课后练习.过程与方法:1.运用领读,边读边想边读的读书方法,理解词语的意思,理解对话的主要内容,提朗读和真实交际能力。
2.以对话为材料,通过听说读写训练,扩展口语交际能力.
情感态度价值观:培养学生从小养成良好的生活习惯和学习习惯。
教学重点:理解本课词语的读音、写法,将词语运用在实际生活中。
3.能独立完成课后练习。
教学难点:1.能正确,流利地朗读对话,理解对话的主要内容。课型,课时:新课,两课时 教学手段:教科书插图
教学方法:领读法,讲解法,讨论法,合作学习法,练习法
第一课时
教学过程:
一,导入:讲故事导入新课
老师:同学们,老师想问你们几个问题,你们想一想跟大家说一说好吗?(学生回答)你们在生活和学习方面有没有好的习惯?你们觉得你们的那些习惯都是好习惯吗?(大家一起讨论说一说自己的习惯,老师在黑板上展示课题)这节课我们学习课文二“习惯”。
板书课题:
课文二习惯 二,讲授新课
(一)朗读对话
1.老师先把对话给学生范读一边,学生看着书用手指指着字听老师读对话,顺便不认识,不理解的字和词的读音记在字词的上面。 2.老师让学生朗读对话。
3.分角色朗读对话,读的要正确,流利,读错的字词老师及时纠正。
(二)理解对话主要内容
1.小组合作学习,互助互学,共同理解对话内容。边读边思考老师提出的问题。
1)是谁习惯了敲门,一直改不掉? 2)不良的习惯能容易改掉吗? 3)你有什么好习惯和坏习惯? 4)你决心改掉自己的坏习惯吗? 2.回答问题
老师提问,小组内一个同学代表回答,师生判断正误,错的其他小组补充,最后获得完善的答案。
(三)知识巩固和拓展 根据课文内容判断正误
1.我家新装了个门铃。
(√)2.爸爸妈妈回家时,忘了按门铃。
(√)3.我忽然想起了他的妈妈。
(×)4.我拿出一张纸,上面写 “请按门铃”。(√)作业:1.朗读对话,预习词语。
课后反思:....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................第二课时
教学过程:
一,导入(,老师提出的小题来让学生陈述课文的主要内容)
(一)词语学习
1.老师先把词语写在黑板上,这时同学们小组内互学生字和词语。 2.老师问学生这些词语里面有你们提前查词典学过的词语吗?谁说说意思,如有举手说说,对的肯定及时表扬,鼓励其他学生像他学习。如说错了也鼓励他大胆的回答问题,老师及时纠正讲解意思,学生说完老师把其他词语一个个的给学生讲解词的意思和运用。词语学习
1.门铃(mén líng)造句:他走进家时,按了门铃。2.座位(zuò wèi)造句:他把自己的座位让给了老师。3.工整(zuò wèi)造句:你要把字写得工整。4.打开(dǎ kāi)造句:你不要把门打开。5.开门(kāi mén)造句:我回来了,你开门。6.脑门(nǎo mén)
前额 7.按
(àn)
(用力)压 8.安
(ān)
装 9.无可奈何(wú kě nài hé)
没有办法
(老师给学生讲解词意,让学生用词组成词组,经过反复朗读,让学生掌握词语的正确读音,用词造句,让学生更加理解词义并提高口语表达能
力。
(二)知识巩固和拓展
根据课文内容回答问题。(师生合作回忆课文的主要内容说出问题的正确答案)
1.“我”家的新门铃给我家的生活带来了什么? 为什么? 2.将课文的内容在同学之间表演一下?
3.你在生活中是否也有过类似的经历?给同学们说一说。 板书设计:
课文二.习惯 词语学习
1.门铃(mén líng)造句:他走进家时,按了门铃。2.座位(zuò wèi)造句:他把自己的座位让给了老师。3.工整(zuò wèi)造句:你要把字写得工整。4.打开(dǎ kāi)造句:你不要把门打开。5.开门(kāi mén)造句:我回来了,你开门。6.脑门(nǎo mén)
前额 7.按
(àn)
(用力)压 8.安
(ān)
装 9.无可奈何(wú kě nài hé)
没有办法 作业:1.将词语抄写5遍。
课后反思:..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................--------20
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