述职报告语气（共6篇）
第1篇：语气练习
语气练习：
1、为人进出的门紧锁着，为狗爬出的洞敞开着。
一个声音高叫着：
爬出来吧，给你自由！
我渴望自由，但我深知道：
人的躯体哪能由狗的洞子爬出！
我期待着那一天，地下的火冲腾，把这活棺材和我一起烧掉，我只有在烈火和热血中得到永生！
2、每天，不管是鸡鸣晓月，日丽中天，还是月华泻地，小桥都印下串串足迹，洒落串串汗珠。那是乡亲为了追求多棱的希望，兑现美好的遐想。弯弯小桥，不时荡过轻吟低唱，不时露出舒心的笑容。
因而，我稚小的心灵，曾将心声献给小桥：你是一弯银色的新月，给人间普照光辉；你是一把闪亮的镰刀，割刈着欢笑的花果；你是一根晃悠悠的扁担，挑起了彩色的明天！哦，小桥走进我的梦中。
3、“注意，这节钢轨情况异常！”刘学增突然大叫一声!一点不假，一根钢轨一端120毫米处已经断裂，此时，若有列车通过，那后果……
“快，时间就是一切!”刘学增立即点燃火炬显示，杨正昭抄起红色信号灯迎着列车来的方向跑去，何春跃奔回工区，报告险情、取抢修工具。23点50分，2712次列车轰隆隆地冲了过来。黑暗中，列车司机王学忠发现停车信号，立即拉紧制动闸，列车在距断轨500米处停了下来。
4、一位访美中国女作家，在纽约遇到一位卖花的老太太。老太太穿着破旧，身体虚弱，但脸上的神情却是那样祥和兴奋。女作家挑了一朵花说：“看起来，你很高兴。”老太太面带微笑地说：“是的，一切都这么美好，我为什么不高兴呢？”“对烦恼，你倒真能看得开。”女作家又说了一句。没料到，老太太的回答更令女作家大吃一惊：“耶稣在星期五被钉上十字架时，是全世界最糟糕的一天，可三天后就是复活节。所以，当我遇到不幸时，就会等待三天，这样一切就恢复正常了。”
“等待三天”，多么富于哲理的话语，多么乐观的生活方式。它把烦恼和痛苦抛
下，全力去收获快乐。
5、快乐，它是一种富有概括性的生存状态、工作状态。它几乎是先验的，它来自生命本身的活力，来自宇宙、地球和人间的吸引，它是世界的丰富、绚丽、阔大、悠久的体现。快乐还是一种力量，是埋在地下的根脉。消灭一个人的快乐比挖掘掉一棵大树的根要难得多。
欢欣，这是一种青春的、诗意的情感。它来自面向着未来伸开双臂奔跑的冲力，它来自一种轻松而又神秘、朦胧而又隐秘的激动，它是激情即将到来的预兆，它又是大雨过后的比下雨还要美妙得多也久远得多的回味……
6、人活着，最要紧的是寻觅到那片代表着生命绿色和人类希望的丛林，然后选一高高的枝头站在那里观览人生，消化痛苦，孕育歌声，愉悦世界！
这可真是一种潇洒的人生态度，这可真是一种心境爽朗的情感风貌。
站在历史的枝头微笑，可以减免许多烦恼。在那里，你可以从众生相所包含的甜酸苦辣、百味人生中寻找你自己；你境遇中的那点儿苦痛，也许相比之下，再也难以占据一席之地；你会较容易地获得从不悦中解脱灵魂的力量，使之不致变得灰色。
7、二○○二年十月中旬，英国的一家报纸评出了“人类最糟糕的发明”。获此“殊荣”的，就是人们每天大量使用的塑料袋。
诞生于上个世纪三十年代的塑料袋，其家族包括用塑料制成的快餐饭盒、包装纸、餐用杯盘、饮料瓶、酸奶杯、雪糕杯等等。这些废弃物形成的垃圾，数量多、体积大、重量轻、不降解，给治理工作带来很多技术难题和社会问题。
比如，散落在田间、路边及草丛中的塑料餐盒，一旦被牲畜吞食，就会危及健康甚至导致死亡。填埋废弃塑料袋、塑料餐盒的土地，不能生长庄稼和树木，造成土地板结，而焚烧处理这些塑料垃圾，则会释放出多种化学有毒气体，其中一种称为二噁英的化合物，毒性极大。
8、读书加惠于人们的不仅是知识的增广，而且还在于精神的感化与陶冶。人们从读书学做人，从那些往哲先贤以及当代才俊的著述中学得他们的人格。人们从《论语》中学得智慧的思考，从《史记》中学得严肃的历史精神，从《正气歌》中学得人格的刚烈，从马克思学得人世的激情，从鲁迅学得批判精神，从托尔斯泰学得道德的执着。歌德的诗句刻写着睿智的人生，拜伦的诗句呼唤着奋斗的热情。一个读书人，一个有机会拥有超乎个人生命体验的幸运人。
9、公元762年秋，病骨支离的李白什么都不需要了，惟要酒，酒。他一生醉得太
多了，但这是最后一次。他举杯邀月，却发现月在水里，他悠悠忽忽扑进水中，抱月而眠。谁像他这样认真又天真一生？连死都是一首诗。他那天籁似的诗文，他那横空出世的才华，萌芽于何方？他与我们为何如此不同？他为何如此的独特与纯粹？
李白的生命是由西域移植到大唐版图的。只有大唐的江山才能安措天才李白那放达的脚步。
10、沈园的桃花开了又谢，沈园的燕儿啊来了又去。沈园之别后，唐琬那深情的一瞥深深地根植在诗人的心中，任凭时光老去，永难磨灭。四十年后，年迈的诗人沈园重游，含泪写下《沈园二首》以纪念唐琬：
“城上斜阳画角哀，沈园非复旧池台，伤心桥下春波绿，曾是惊鸿照影来。” 长歌当哭，情何以堪！爱已成往事，情永存心怀。
乐声中，我仿佛看见陆游，年轻的诗人急疾书毕，一掷柔毫，早已肝肠寸断，泣不成声。
歌声里，我仿佛看见唐琬，这个才华卓绝、柔情似水的女诗人，一双秀美哀伤的眼睛深情地凝视着感伤不已的陆游，一字一句地吟咏着她那血泪交加的词作。触景而生情，如杜鹃啼血，凄艳异常。
第2篇：虚 拟 语 气
虚 拟 语 气
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：
1、虚拟条件句。
2、名词性虚拟语气。
3、虚拟语气的其他用语。
一、虚拟条件句：
条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：
If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋动词原形，如：
If I were you, I would study hard.If it rained, I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：
If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋have＋过去分词，如： If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：
if＋主语+动词过去时（与现在事实条件句一样），主语＋should（could„）＋ 动词原形。If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you mied the film tonight, you would feel sorry.注意问题：
1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如： Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：
在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：
主语＋（should）＋动词原形，如：
Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.（宾语从句）
We suggested that the meeting should not be held.It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）
The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）
That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）
注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。
三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：
1、wish后的宾语从句：
与现在愿望不一致 主语＋过去时；
与过去愿望不一致 主语＋had＋过去分词；
与未来愿望不一致 主语＋would（could）＋原形。
I wish I were you.I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.I wish I would meet you tomorrow at the party.2、It’s time句型：当It’s time后用that从句时应该为：
主语＋should＋原形 或 主语＋过去时，例如：
It’s time that you went to school.或
It’s time that you should go to school.3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish＋宾语从句”
If only he could come!他要能来就好了。
If only I had known the answer!我要早知答案就好了。
4、would rather, as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.She loves the children as if they were hers.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。
Without you, I would never know him.But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.But that she was afraid, she would have said no.I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!
6.It is + adj.(important, eential, difficult, etc.)+(should)do
【专项训练一】
1、It is important that a college studenta foreign language.A．will masterB．masterC．mastersD．would master
2、It is strange that shewithout saying a word.A．should have gone outB．went
C．should go outD．goes out
3、If my lawyerhere last Saturday, heme from
going.A．had been, would have prevented
B．had been, would prevent
C．were, would prevent
D．were, would have prevent
4、——“He is a brave man.”
——“Yes, I wish Ihis courage.”
A．haveB．hadC．will haveD．may have
5、If itrain, the crops would be saved.A．shouldB．willC．is going toD．was to
6、He ordered that the medicineby a special plane.A．was sentB．would be sent
C．should sendD．be sent
7、If youthe medicine, youbetter now.A．took, would feelB．had taken, felt
C．had taken, would feelD．took, would have felt
8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if shemy mother.A．isB．wasC．wereD．had been
9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish Iso.A．didn’t doB．hadn’t doC．haven’t doneD．couldn’t do
10、I’d rather hetomorrow afternoon.A．will comeB．comesC．comingD．came
答案：
1、B
2、A
3、A
4、B
5、A
6、D
7、C
8、C
9、B
10、D
【专项训练二】
I.经典试题回顾：
1.Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach.I____ so much fried chicken just now.(0 2春季上海)
A.shouldn't eatB.mustn't have eaten
C.shouldn't have eatenD.mustn't eat
2.How I wish every family ____ a large house with a beautiful garden.(0 2春季上海)A.has B.had C.will have D.had had
3.--I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins.____ I have a look?
--Yes, certainly.(0 2春季上海)
A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should 4--I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.--It____ true because there was little snow there.（02北京）
A.may not be B.won't be C.couldn't be D.mustn't be
5.It has been announced that candidates____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been
collected.A.can B.will C.may D.shall(02上海)
6.A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be left for a short time, especially at a
railway station.(NMET03)
A.should B.can C.must D.will
7.How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of
the article?
A.can B.must C.need D.may(03上海卷)
8.—Isn' t that Ann's husband over there?
—No, it _______ be him-I'm sure he doesn't wear glaes.(04河南/北、安徽、江西)
A.can'tB.must notC.won't
D.may not
9.You ______ be tired.You've only been working for an hour.(04四川、吉林、黑龙江、云南）
A.must notB.won' tC.can' tD.may not
10.I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I _____ report it to the police?（04内蒙、海南）
A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can 11.Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.（04内蒙、海南）
A.should have arrivedB.should arrive
C.should have had arrivedD.should be arriving
12.—Who is the girl standing over there ?
—Well , if you ______ know , her name is Mabel.（04天津）
A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall
13.—Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace ?
—Sorry , I am not sure.But it _______ be.（04湖北）
A．mightB．willC．mustD．can14.----Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.----You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it.(04湖南）
A.shan'tB.might notC.needn'tD.shouldn't
15.I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.(04浙江)
A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could
16.—Go for a picnic this weekend ,OK?
—_______.I love getting close to nature.(04福建)
A．I couldn’t agree moreB．I’m afraid not
C．I believe notD．I don’t think so
17.—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.—You________ her last week.(04福建)
A．ought to tellB．would have told C．must tellD．should have told
18.“The interest______ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.(04重庆)
A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall
19.Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when in a public library.(04上海)
A.mustB.mayC.canD.need
20.—Mum , I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock.______ I go out and play with Tom for a while ?
—No, I’m afraid not.Besides , it’s raining outside now.(04辽宁)
A．Can’tB．Wouldn’tC．May notD．Won’t
21.---I don't mind telling you what I know.---You_______.I'm not asking you for it.(04江苏)
A.mustn'tB.may notC.can'tD.needn’t
II.巩固练习:
1.---You didn't invite John to the party?
---_____him, too?
A Must I inviteB Must I have invited
C Should I inviteD Should I have invited
2.Night has fallen, we have to stay here for the night, ____?
A don't weB hasn't itC mustn't weD doesn't it
3.--Would you please not throw your shoes on the floor?
--I am sorry I __ do it again.A needn'tB can'tC wouldn'tD won't
4.I tried to call on you last week but your dog simply ____ not let me come through the gate
A couldB wouldC mightD should
5.---A man is asking to see you._____ he come in?
----Let him in.A.MustB.ShallC.WillD.Dare 6.She ____ terribly tired last night.She had been working without a break for over ten hours.A maybeB had beenC used to beD must have been7.Do tell me what you'd like for your birthday ,dear,______ ?
A will youB do youC don't youD can't you8.--Do you regret paying five dollars for the book?
--No, I _____twice as much for it.A would gladly have paidB had gladly paid
9.–Don’t forget to write to me when you get home.--_____.A I mustB I shouldC I won’tD I will10.We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A must have studiedB might studyC should have studiedD would study
11.They would have bought that house, which stood at the foot of the hill, ____ at that time.A.though they hadn't had enough moneyB.otherwise they hadn't enough money
C.if they had enough moneyD.but they didn't have enough money
12.As it tuned out to be a small house party,we ____ so formally.A.needn't dre upB.couldn't have dreed up
C.didn't need dre upD.needn't have dreed up
13.--Might I watch TV after supper?
-Yes, you ____
A mayB mustC mightD can 14.Ifyou listen to me, you ____have some candies, Tommy.A.are able toB.shallC.mustD.need
15.You must have been to London for many times, _____ you?
A mustn'tB didn'tC haven'tD may not
16.--What do you think of it?--I think it is a thing of importance that it ____ done soon.A.isB.is to beC.beD.to be
17.--Alice , why didn't you come yesterday?--I ____ , but I had an unexpected visitor.A hadB wouldC was going toD did
18.In the summer vacation we____ often take a walk along the river.A might B could C would D should
19.----Why does Sara know so much about Angkor Wat?
----She _____ have been there, or…
A mustB oughtn't toC mayD can't
20.The line was busy.Someone_____ the telephone.A may have usedB must have been using
C may be usingD must be using 21.He was late for cla today.But for the heavy fog,he ____ an hour earlier.A could comeB could have comeC were to comeD should come
22.I'm sure you'd rather she stayed in France, _____?
A wouldn't youB didn't youC shouldn't youD couldn't you 23.Michael____ be a policeman, for he's much too short.A needn'tB can'tC shouldD may 24.____ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.A IfB UnleC HadD When
25.If you really want yourself to be in good health ,you ____always____ so much.A mustn't;be smokingB needn't;smoke
C won't;be smokingD can't;smoke
26.It's strange that the boy ____ without saying good-bye to the teacher.A must have leftB have leftC can have leftD may have left
27.He was taken away by the police.He ____ for a thief.A must mistakeB must be mistakenC must have been mistakenD must have mistaken
28.I____ opera ,but now I'm getting interested.A was used to likeB didn't use to likeC used to likeD was used to liking
29.She's already an hour late, What _____to her?
A can have happenedB may happenC should have happenedD may have happened
30.When a friend of mine gave me a ticket for the game, I ____ go.A couldn't helpB can't butC couldn't help butD just have to
31.Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today.A isB will beC would have beenD would be 32.Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discuion.Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.A had saidB saidC might sayD might have said
33.____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.A WereB ShouldC WouldD Will 34.Jane's pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination.A be;should haveB was;haveC should be;hadD was;has
35.I left very early last night, but I wish I____ so early.A didn't leaveB hadn't leftC haven't leftD couldn't leave
36.The two strangers talked as if they ____ friends for years.A should beB would beC have beenD had been
37.Jim would rather _____ now, but we must go to work.A that we don't leaveB we not leaveC we didn't leaveD our not leaving
38.I didn't call to make my friend attend the meeting , but I ____
A should haveB may haveC must haveD shall have 39.It was required that each student____ enough food on the trip.A bringB broughtC would bringD had better bring
40.Kunar can take his car apart and put it back together again.I certainly wish he ____ me how.A teachesB will teachC has taughtD would teach
41.If you children _____ do as I tell you, you ____ go to the party.A won't;shan'tB don't;won'tC won't;shouldn'tD don't;had better not
第3篇：《语气》教案
语气
1）教学目的1、明确播音语气的概念，以及语气运用的基本要求和特点
2、提高学生的语言驾驭能力和表现力，克服固定腔调和单调平直的语言样式，使有声语言的表达更准确、更丰富、更细腻，更富有变化和感染力，达到具体的思想感情和恰切的声音形式的统一。 2）教学要求
1、理论与实践相结合。一方面要传授理论，另一方面要运用理论来指导学生的实践，提高他们的表达技能。
2、结合学生实际，既进行全面训练，又注重解决重点、难点问题。
3、具体训练时应注意循序渐进，方法得当。 3）教学重点
明确播音语气的内涵和特点。
在具体的语境中把握语气的思想感情和声音形式的个性特点。语气的思想感情和声音形式之间的关系。语势的训练。4）教学难点
1、具体的思想感情与声音形式的和谐统一。
2、声音形式中各要素的协调配合。
3、语流中语势的丰富变化。 5）学时分配
理论讲授2节；训练12节 6）教学内容
语气是播音表达技巧之一。了解语气的内涵、特点以及表达方法，有助于我们把握和驾驭有声语言这个精灵，提高我们语言的表现力和感染力。语气在表现内心情感的准确性和丰富性，克服固定腔调，增强语言的灵动变化等方面起着重要作用。
第一节
语气的概念
一、语气和语调
（一）语气的一般概念
语气这个词大家都不陌生，生活中也经常使用。不过在实际使用的时候，不同的使用者所说的“语气”的内涵和外延并不完全相同，那么，语气的涵义到底是什么呢？我们先来看看词典的解释。
1、《现代汉语词典》：
〔语气〕①说话的口气。②表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等分别的语法范畴。
“口气”的含义之一是“说话时流露出来的感情色彩。”如：严肃的口气；幽默的口气。
2、《辞海》：〔语气〕通过一定的语法形式表示说话人对行为动作的态度，如陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。现代汉语用语气助词“的、了、吗、呢”等和语调表示各种语气。
以上解释明确了语气与感情态度有关。但它没有具体说明不同感情色彩是通过什么方式体现的，尽管《辞海》里还谈到了语调可以表示各种语气。但它把语气仅归为几类，如“陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气”等，就显得简单了。
（二）语调
1、《现代汉语词典》：〔语调〕说话的腔调，就是一句话里语音高低轻重的配置。
2、《辞海》：〔语调〕句子里声音的高低变化和快慢轻重。句子都有一定的语调，表示一定的语气和情感。如陈述句多用下降调，疑问句多用上升调等。
关于对“语调”一词的诠释，两部辞书都谈到了声音形式，提出表达思想感情的某些声音因素。但是在谈到语调与思想感情的关系时，却显得过于机械。我们认为语调的概念不能满足播音语气概念的要求。
二、播音语气的概念
那么，播音学中语气的概念是什么呢？张颂先生在《播音创作基础》一书中指出：“语气是思想感情运动状态支配下语句的声音形式。”（北京广播学院出版社1990年3月出版 96页）这个解释揭示了播音语气的内涵，突出了有声语言的特点，易于从有声语言形式及其思想感情依据两个方面去把握，对播音理论研究与实践来说，是科学的、恰切的，并具有很强的可操作性。
我们可以从三个方面来认识和把握语气 ：一是具体的思想感情在语气中处支配地位，它是语气的灵魂。二是语气要通过具体的声音形式来体现。三是语气以句子为单位，也就是语气是通过一个个句子展现它的不同风采或个性特征的。
三、语气与语境
我们在前面说过，语气是以具体的句子为单位，应体现出“这一句”的个性色彩。但对于孤立存在的句子来说，其语气必是多样的，无法把握的。另外，不同的交流对象、交流方式等对语气也会产生影响。所以，我们在把握语气时，必须将语句置于具体的语言环境中，根据具体的语言环境来把握语气。
总之，语气主要是由两方面构成：一是具体的思想感情，二是具体的声音形式，二者相辅相成。语气受具体的语言环境的影响、制约，只有在具体的语境中把握语气，语气才能准确。
第二节 语气的感情色彩和分量
语气中具体的思想感情包含两个方面，一是语气的感情色彩，二是语气的分量。它们是语气的灵魂。
一、语气的感情色彩
语气的感情色彩，主要是指“语句所包含的是非和爱憎”。
是非是指态度方面的具体性质。比如：是赞扬、支持、亲切、活泼，还是批评、反对、严肃、郑重等等。
爱憎是指感情方面的具体性质。比如是喜悦、热爱、焦急，还是悲伤、憎恨、冷漠等等。
在把握具体语句的感情色彩时，应该做到准确贴切，丰富细腻。
二、语气的分量
语气的分量是指“在把握语气感情色彩的基础上，区分是非、爱憎的不同
第4篇：虚拟语气详解
高中英语虚拟语气讲解
一、概述
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
二、条件状语
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
例如：
If he doesn't hurry up,he will mi the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。(真实)If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实）
If I were you,I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反）
If there were no air,people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气，与现在事实相反）
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
从句：If+主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：
1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)
4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱）
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done
eg：1． If I had gotten there earlier,I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）
3．She looked at me as if I had been a stranger.她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。（事实：我并非陌生人）
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
从句：①if+主语+were to do（if 表示未来的虚拟语气独有形式，其他如wish，even if等词都没有该形式来表示未来的虚拟语气）
②if+主语+should+do
③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）
主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do
eg：1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小，不可能）
3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
4、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
eg：Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去了。
Were she here,she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
5、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…（要不是因为...）等
eg：But for his help,we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progre.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
6、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 ①省略从句
He would have finished it.他本该完成了。
You could have paed this exam.你本能通过这次考试的。
②省略主句
If I were at home now.要是我现 在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it.要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。
7.注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。
eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。
8.若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。
①,If it were not to rain tomorrow,we would go to the park
Were it not to rain tomorrow,we would go to the park..(如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园)
②if you should not attend meeting tomorrow on time,i would punish you.Should you not be attend meeting tomorrow on time,i would punish you.(如果明天会议你居然迟到了，我会惩罚你的)
9.主语和动词be的省略
若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：
If repaired earlier,the tractor would not have broken down.要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
If neceary,I would send more farmhands to help you.如果需要的话，我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it was neceary,…)
四、目的状语
1、在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：（should）+ do。并且should能省略（for fear that，lest），in case不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief(should)come in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he(should)be late.他早早的就出发了以防迟到。
2、在so that / in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do。
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not mi a word.他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。
五、宾语从句
当人们想要表达建议、命令或要求时，从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should)+动词原形。这类动词常有十二个。
“一二四四”
一个坚持（insist）；
两个命令（order, command）；
四项要求（demand, desire, require, request）；
四条建议（advise, suggest, propose, recommend）。
“I drop caps.”
insist,demand, desire,require, request, recommend,order,propose,command,advise,prefer,suggest.（一）、I wish后的宾语从句
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(同样be动词换成were)； 若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用would / could+have +过去分词或者过去完成时had done(注意这里的情态动词不能用should)；
若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would(could)+动词原形。
注意如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。
如：
I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn’t smoke.我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down.我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come.我希望火车将会来。
I wished I hadn't spent so much money.但愿我没有花这么多钱。
（二）、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句
主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓 语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国 英语中通常可以省略。如：
I insisted that he(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。
He insisted that I(should)go with them.他坚持要我同他们一起去。
Rose insisted that he be present.罗斯坚持要他出席。
The detective insisted that he should have a look.警探坚持要查看。
注意：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：
He insisted that I had read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。
He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。
（三）、表示“命令”后的宾语从句
主要是指order, command的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语 中通常可以省略。如：
He ordered that it(should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。
Thejudge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded.法官命令被告还押。
The King ordered that the man be released.国王命令释放那人。
He commanded that we(should)attack at once.他命令我们立即发起进攻。
（四）、表示“要求”后的宾语从句
主要是指ask, desire, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句，从句谓语 由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常 可以省略。如：
I ask that he leave.我要求他走开。
He desires that I(should)appear.他要求我出场。
They require that I go at once.他们要求我立刻走。
I demand that John(should)go there at once.我要求约翰立即到那里去。
I requested that he should use his influence on my behalf.我请求他为我施用他的影响。
He asked that the meage be given to Madame immediately.他要求把信息立即带给夫人。
They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man.他们要求给予每个成年男子以选举权。
（五）、表示“建议”后的宾语从句
主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句，从句 谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He suggested that we should leave early.他建议我们早点动身。
The doctor advised that he change his job.医生劝他换工作。
They recommend that this tax be abolished.他们建议取消这种税。
I propose that the matter be put to the vote at once.我提议对此问题立刻进行表决。
He proposed that Mr.O’Leary be the chairman.他提议奥列利先生担任主席。
注意：动词suggest译为“建议”后接宾语从句时，表示的情况尚未成为事实, 用虚拟语气;suggest译为“表明”、“认为”, 则要用陈述语气：
He suggested that we(should)stay for dinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。
What he said suggested that he was a cheat.他说的话表明他是个骗子。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣。
四、其它
1、在even if,even though 所引导的让步状语从句中用may/might+动词原形，may/might可以省略，表示与现 在相反的情况；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去相反的情况，类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as;主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。
eg：Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）
2.在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时； 表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用“would(could)+动词原形”
He felt as if he were responsible for what had happened.He treats me as if I were a stranger.3、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,no matter wh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
指现 在或将来：may +do。
eg：We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。指过去：may +have done。
eg：You mustn't be proud whatever great progre you may have made.不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。
We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
4、if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气表示与现在或未来事情相反的愿望，谓语动词用 过去式 或 would/should+动词原形 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用 过去完成式。Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I had followed your advice.If only I had not been busy last week
5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
过去 had + done
现在 过去时(be 用were)
将来 过去时(be 用were)
eg：I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I'd rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。
We'd rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿
6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：
It is(high / about)time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。
7、简单句中的虚拟语气
（1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should +do。
eg：Would you mind my shutting the door?你介意我把门关起来吗？
You should always learn this leon by heart.你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you.我本该同意你的观点。（委婉的不同意）
（2）表示“祝愿”时，常用may +主语+ do。
eg：May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last forever!祝你青春永驻。
（3）表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用do。
eg：God ble us.上帝保佑。
（4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
① 提出请求或邀请。eg：
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？
Could I use your bike now?我可以用一下你的单车吗？
② 陈述自己的观点或看法。eg：
I should be glad to meet you.见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。
③提出劝告或建议。eg：
You'd better ask your father first.你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first.你应该先全面调查一番。
④ 提出问题。eg：
Do you think he could get here on time?你认为他能按时来吗？
Do you expect he would tell us the truth?你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？
⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
情态动词（could/should/might）+ have done。
eg：You should have got here earlier.你早该到这里了。
第5篇：虚拟语气教案
虚拟语气Ⅱ教学案
于亚东
虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。
1.虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
“常用在It is(was)+形容词 / 过去分词+that引导的主语从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。should在此是助动词，本身并无实义，这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。
It's important that we（should）work out a plan.（带有“要求”的含义）
It's better that he go at once.（带有“建议”的意思）
☆ 用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：neceary，important，best, right, impoible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，eential，reserved，urgent，等。
It is neceary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It's strange that he should say so.I was glad that he should go.It is important that we should speak politely.It is a pity that she should fare so badly.It's right that you should think that way.☆ 用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。
It is requested that Profeor Liu（should）give us a lecture．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
I’m ashamed you should have done such a thing.It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off．有人建议推迟会议。
It is settled that you leave us, then?
注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week.他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1).宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。
如：
The doctor suggested that he not go there．医生建议他不要去那里。
He suggested that we should leave early.他建议我们早点动身。
The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded.法官命令被告还押。
2).wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。
☆ 从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。
I wish it were true．我但愿这是真的。
☆ 从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望
I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一会儿。
☆ 表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had +过去分词”或“could（would，might）+have+过去分词”
I wish you had called yesterday．我希望你昨天来过电话。
We wish you had come to our New Year’s party.我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。
3).would rather, would sooner等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。
☆ 表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式
☆ 用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义
I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
I’d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我宁愿她把重活留给别人。
4).有些动词，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形。如：
I never thought he should refuse.我万没有想到他会拒绝。
She did not expect that you should come.她没有预料你会来。
3.虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用
名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should +动词原形或省略should。
My suggestion is that we(should)send a few soldiers to help them.我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。
My advice is that you(should)treat her well.我的忠告是你应该善待她。
He makes the demand that she(should)leave the place at once.他提出一个要求，要求她立刻离开这个地方。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as poible.我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。
注意：虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句。
如：
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
4.虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用
常用在It is time(that)…句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式
It is time the children went to bed.孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）
It's high time that he began to think how to deal with money.他早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。
It is time we left.我们该走了。
It is time we went to bed.我们该去睡觉了。
5.虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望
Long live the Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！
God ble you!上帝保佑你。
God damn it!该死的！
The devil take you!见鬼去吧！
So be it then.就那样吧。
6.虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系：从句中的虚拟时态往往不受全句谓语时态的影响。
1)用于主语从句。试比较：
It is important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
It was important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
2)用于宾语从句。试比较：
I suggest that we should go tomorrow.我建议我们明天走。
I suggested that we should go the next day.我建议我们第二天走。
She said, “If I were a boy I would join the army.”她说，“我如是男孩，就参军。”
She said that if she were a boy, she would join the army.她说她如是男孩就参军。
但强调现在时刻的虚拟式在间接引语中需要遵守时态一致的原则。试比较：
“If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do,” he said.“假如我知道它是如何运行的话，我就会告诉你该怎么办，”他说道。
He said that if he had known how it worked he could have told me what to do.他说假如他知道它是如何运行的话，他就会告诉我该怎么办。
“If I knew the answer to all your questions I'd be a genius,” he said.“我如知道你所有问题的答案，我就是天才了。”他说道。
He said that if he knew the answer to all my questions, he’d be a genius.他说他如知道我所有问题的答案，他就是天才了。
但如果全句谓语是虚拟语气，其后从句的时态则多受其影响，现在时态应随之而变为过去时态。
如：
I would think he was wrong.我看他是错了。(须用was,试比较：I think he is wrong)
It would seem that she was right.她似乎是对的。(须用was,试比较：It seems that she is right)
专项练习：
1．His doctor suggested that he ______ a short leave of absence．
A．will take
B．would take
C．take
D．took
2．The job would require that ______ at 7 o'clock every morning．
A．he will be at the factory
B．he be at the factory
C．he was at the factory
D．he has been at the factory
3．Your advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable．
A．will wait
B．is going to wait
C．waits
D．wait
4．The housemaster was strict．He requested that we ______ television on week nights．
A．not watch
B．must not to watch
C．not be watching
D．have not watched
5．It is neceary that a worker ______ his work on time．
A．accomplishes
B．can accomplish
C．accomplish
D．has accomplished
6．It is important that he ______ his decision before Friday．
A．will make
B．makes
C．make
D．must make
7．You look so tired.It's time you ______ ．
A．go to sleep
B．went to sleep
C．go to bed
D．went to bed
8．I'd rather you ______ anything about it for the time being．
A．do
B．didn't do
C．don't
D．didn't
9．But for water，it ______ impoible to live in the desert．
A．is
B．was
C．were
D．wouldn't be
10． ______ it______ for your help，I couldn't have made any progre．
A．Had；not been
B．Should；not been
C．Did；not been
D．Not；be
11．Long ______ the Party！
A．lives
B．live
C．will live
D．should live
12．Mary insisted that Tom ______ her the ring back．
A．gives
B．give
C．given
D．have given
13．My suggestion was that the meeting ______ off till next week．
A．to put
B．be put C．should put
D．be putting 14．Mother suggested that I ______ my homework first before watching TV．
A．did
B．do
C．shall do
D．have done 15．He insisted that nothing ______ till he arrived.A．must be started
B．ought to be started
C．could be started
D．should be started
16．Tom suggests that Ann ______ the house.A．can sell
B．sells
C．sell
D．sold
17．It's better that he ______ it from you.A．'ll hear
B．hears
C．should hear
D．heard
18．It was neceary that he ______ about what had happened.A．be told
B．was told
C．should tell
D．tell
19．It's astonishing that she ______ sad at news that it has nothing to do with her.A．felt
B．should feel
C．'ll feel
D．would feel
20．It was strange that we ______ short of water in the country where it was always raining.A．are
B．be
C．should be
D．both B and C
21．It is strange that she ______ marry such an ugly man.A．would
B．should
C．shall
D．must 22．It's not right that the meeting ______ off till tomorrow.A．must be put
B．must put
C．will be put
D．be put
23．It was impoible that he ______ the train, for he had started out very early.A．could have mied
B．must have mied
C．should have mied
D．should mi
24．It's a pity that he ______ such a good chance.A．should mi B．should have mied C．has mied D．all the above 25．He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he ______ it off at once.A．must pay
B．ought to pay
C．paid
D．pay
26．Mr.Ford insisted that he ______ right, though the others didn't think so.A．should do
B．should have done
C．had done
D．did
27．His pale face suggested that he ______ the sad news.A．should be told
B．should have been told
C．was told
D．had been told
28．He suggested that we ______ here at once.A．should leave
B．must leave
C．left
D．ought to leave
29．My order is that everyone ______ their own work in time.A．must complete
B．completed
C．completes
D．complete
30．We've made the decision that we ______ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.A．will gather
B．are about to gather
C．would gather
D．should gather
31．----I'll be waiting for you at home.----______ I were busy and couldn't come?
A．What if
B．What when
C． How if
D．How when
32．After he was praised for what he had done, he said，“I ______ even better under harder conditions.”
A．would do
B．would have done
C．did
D．had done
33．It has been raining for a day, but even though it ______ , we ______ there by tomorrow.A．hadn't rained, couldn't get
B．hadn't rained, can't get
C．didn't rain, couldn't get
D．didn't rain, can't get
34．We could not have succeeded ______ your help.A．but for
B．without
C．if it had not been for
D．all the above
35．I dare say he is not your true friend, because a true friend ______ differently when you were in trouble.A．acted
B．had acted
C．would act
D．would have acted
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．D
4．A 5．C
6．C 7．D 8．B
9．D 10．A
11．B 12．B
13．B 14．B
15． D insist作“要求别人做某事”解，其宾语从句用should型虚拟语气。
16． C 这种should型虚拟语气，有时可将should省略，因此，C项的sell不能有人称变化。
17．C 本句话有“要求”的意思，故选C。
18． A C、D为主动，在此不妥。
19． B 选B表示了说话人带有一种十分惊讶的感情，选A项与she的人称不相一致，是错的。参见本章语法说明。
20． D
21．B should带有感情色彩。
22．D 本句带有要求之意，故从句谓语用should型虚拟语气。D项中的should被省略。
23．C 本句带有惊讶之意，故从句须用should型虚拟语气。但由于是过去的事情所产生的惊讶，所以用should+不定式完成式。
24．D 如选A，这表达了说话人对将来的事所发出的感叹，选B则是对已经过去的事情的感叹。选C则是一个直陈语气，即说话人对此并不一定感到十分惋惜，而是对此事的陈述。
25．D insist在作“坚持要求别人做某事”时，需要用should型虚拟语气，should也可以省略。
26．C insist在作“坚持自己的观点、看法等”解时，不需要用虚拟语气，所以A、B两项用在此处不当。D项时态不准确，故也应排除。
27．D suggest作建议解时，后接了should型虚拟语气，但在本句中作“表明”解，这时不用虚拟语气，A、B两项都应排除，C项时态不当。
28．A 在本句中suggest作“建议”解，故选A。
29．D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，其表语从句也须用should型虚拟语气，本句中的should被省略。
30．D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，后接同位语从句时也须should型虚拟语气。
31．A What if…？常用于省略疑问句，既可以用于虚拟语气，也可用于直陈语气。本句不省略的形式为What would you do if。
32．B 本句的under引出一个非真实的条件，当然也可以是真实条件。根据上下文，应理解为与过去事实相反，故其谓语动词用would have done。
33．B even though=even if意为“即使”。它同if一样可以引出一个真实的让步从句，也可以引出一个非真实的让步从句。根据上文，even though是一个非真实的与过去事实相反的让步从句。而主句we can't get there却是一个真实的情况。
34．D
35．D 从全句的意思分析，a true friend-differently实际上是指一种假设，而when引导的从句又告诉我们，这是一个与过去事实相反的假设，故用would have acted。
第6篇：妈妈的语气
妈妈的语气影响孩子一生
专家表示：成功的家教与父母的言语表达息息相关。尤其是父母跟孩子说话的语气，将对孩子的情商、智商、气质、修养产生深刻的影响。
信任的语气
孩子特别希望得到成人特别是父母的信任，所以对孩子说话时要表现出充分的信任。如，孩子想学打羽毛球，你用信赖的语气说：“星星，只要努力学，认真学，一定能学会打球的。”这无形中就给了孩子一份自信，并让他明白，只有坚持才能获得成功。假如用的是挖苦的语气：“就你这样三分钟热情还想打球啊？”就会给孩子的自尊心带来伤害，令他对自己的能力产生不自信。
尊重的语气
从两三岁起，孩子的自我意识就开始萌芽，随着年龄的增长这种自我意识会愈发强烈。孩子有了自己的一些主见，说明孩子知道了自己的力量和能力。当他提出自己不同的看法和要求时，不要认为是他不听你的话，跟你对着干，而粗暴地反对他。如你要求孩子学英语，可他还想再跟小伙伴们玩一下，你不能发脾气：“越大越不听话了，不好好学习，看你长大了能干什么。”这样做只会让孩子更加厌恶学习。应该用尊重的语气：“那你再玩一会儿，不过，玩完了，可一定要学英语。”孩子就乐于接受了。
商量的语气
每个孩子都是有自尊心的。要孩子去做某件事情，可用商量的语气，让他明白，他跟你是平等的，你是尊重他的。比如，你想要孩子把地上乱丢的玩具收拾整理一下，可以这么说：“星星，玩具乱丢，多不好的习惯啊，你跟妈妈一起把玩具收拾一下好吗？”千万不要用命令的语气：“你怎么搞的，玩具乱丢，快点去收拾好！”否则，孩子听你责备，心里就会产生反感，即使按你的要求去做，也是不开心的。
赞赏的语气
每个孩子都有优点，都有表现欲，发现孩子的优点并加以赞赏，会让他更加乐于表现。孩子画了一幅画，也许画得不是很好，可孩子作画的热情和认真劲儿就是最大的优点。当孩子把画捧给你看时，不能轻描淡写地应付几句：“画得一般，好好练。”这样会让孩子对画画失去热情和信心。应该用赞赏的语气肯定他的作品：“想不到我的宝宝画得这么好，继续努力，一定会画得更好。”孩子的表现欲得到了满足，有了快乐的情绪体验，对画画就会更有兴趣。
鼓励的语气
要孩子做到没有过失，这是不可能的。当孩子做错了事，不要一味地批评责备，而应帮助他在过失中总结教训，积累经验，鼓励他再次获得成功。如孩子第一次帮妈妈端饭碗失手掉到地上打烂了。你不能责备他：“连个碗都端不稳，真笨。”这样会打击孩子尝试新事物的信心和勇气。应该用鼓励的语气：“星星不小心打烂了碗，没关系，以后先用手指试试烫不烫再去端。”这样，既教给实践的方法，又给了孩子再次尝试的信心。
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