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七年级下册英语语法复习

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七年级下册英语语法复习

语法知识点

1. 词类:物主代词、情态动词 can 和方位介词短语

2. 时态:一般将来时态和一般过去时态

3. 句型:特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和选择疑问句

M1

词类

1) 物主代词:表示所属关系的代词( ⋯ 属于谁的)

人称

形容词性物主代

名词性物主代

形容性物主代

名词性物主代

第一人称

my

mine

our

ours

第二人称

your

yours

your

yours

his

his

第三人称

her

hers

their

Theirs

its

its

形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系:

形容词性物主代词:必须和名词在一起。 My father, your teacher...

物主代词

名词性物主代词 : 相当于与之相对应的形容词性物主代词 + 名词。

This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt.

练习

( 1 )选择题。

( ) 1. Look at .

A. him B. he C. his

( ) 2. I drive to the park every day.

A. they B. their C. them

( ) 3. classroom is big.

A. we B. us C. Our

( ) 4. I love .

A. she B. her C. hers

( ) 5. Do you know ?

A. I B. my C. me

( ) 6. I am son.

A. they B. their C. them

( ) 7. This is not _____ desk.. My desk is over there.

A. I B. my C. me

( ) 8. - Can you spell _____ name, Harry? - Sorry.

A. you B. your C. yours

( ) 9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _____ room.

B. they B. them C. their

( ) 10. We are in the same class. _____ classroom is very nice.

A. our B. my C. ours

( ) 11. Mrs. Green is my teacher. I ’ m _____ student.

A. he B. his C. him

( ) 12. That ’ s a cat. _____ name is Mimi.

A. It B. It ’ s C. Its

( 2 )用括号里的代词的适当形式填空

1, Mr Yang is _______(we) teacher.________(him) is from Beijing. _______(his)

teaches______(our) English.

2, Look,there is a cat._______(they) is Lily's.____(it) name is Mimi.

3, Let______(I) tell ______(she) about_____(he) life at school.

4, This is ______(they) room.Where is _____(our)?

5, Don't use the eraser.______ is ______(me).

6, The lady under the tree is ______(me) aunt._____(her) often sings with

_____(she) husband

M2

情态动词 can

1. 含义:表达人或物的能力,能或会 …

2. 特点:情态动词 can 没有人称和数的变化,之后要加动词原形。

3. 否定形式: cannot( 正式用法 ) = can’t( 口语 )

4. 句型结构:

肯定句: 主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。

She / They can swim well.

否定句: 主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。

She / They can not swim well.

一般疑问句: 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?

Can she / they swim well?

Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they can’t.

特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?

Why can she / they swim well?

Who can swim well?

练习:

( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building.

A. must B. can’t C. shouldn't

( ) 2) How many books you see on the desk?

A. may B. can C. should

( )3) --- you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I can’t.

A. Can B. Can’t C. Should

4. I can run fast. I ________ ________ fast. ( 否定句 )

5. He can play basketball well. (一般疑问句)

_______ he ______ basketball well?

M6

3) 介词

over

on 在...上面 over 在...上面

on the left of... 在左边

next to /near 在 …… 附近, 紧挨着

in the front of 在 …… 里面的前面

under ... 在 ... 正下方

between ...and ... 在两者之间

along 沿着

across 穿过

opposite 在....对面

Lingling sits between Tony and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间

among 在三者或三者以上之间

Miss Li is among lots of students. 李老师在许多同学之间

注意:介词短语常和 be 动词连用。

M3&M4

时态

1) 一般将来时

时间状语: in+ 一段时间; tomorrow ; in the future; next+ 时间; this+ 时间(表示将来时间的状语)

﹙ Ⅰ ﹚ be ( is,am.are ) going to 的用法。

含义:计划,打算做某事

将来时句型结构:

一般将来时 be going to+ 动词原形

肯定句结构:主语 +be going to + 动词原形 + 其他 .

否定句结构:主语 +be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 .

一般疑问句: be 动词提前

Be + 主语 +going to + 动词原形 + 其他?

肯定回答: Yes ,主语 +be.

否定回答: No ,主语 +be not.

注意: ① 表示计划到某地去,谓语动词 go 与 going 重复,一般只说 be going to + 地点 .

② come/go/arrive/leave 等表示位置转移的动词可用于现在进行表将来。

Eg:

I am going to London next year.

She is going to check her email.

Look! The bus is coming.

﹙ Ⅱ ﹚由 shall 和 will 引导的一般将来时

含义:将会 …

特点:助动词 shall 和 will 没有人称和数的变化,之后要加动词原形。

shall 在一般将来时中,一般用于第一人称之后。

例如: I/We shall have an English lesson. 我们将有一节英语课。

否定形式: shall not = shan′t will not = won′t

将来时句型结构 :

肯定句:主语 +shall/will+do

否定句:主语 +shall/will+not+do ( will not 可缩写成 won’t )

一般疑问句: shall/will+ 主语 + do

特殊疑问句:疑问词 + shall/will+ 主语 +do

M7,M8,M9,M10

2) 一般过去时

1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

2. 标志性时间状语 : yesterday (昨天) , last week (上周) , last month (上个月) , last year (去年) , two months ago (两个月前) , the day before yesterday (前天), in 1990 ( 在 1990 年 ), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语连用。

3. 动词结构 : V-ed

动词过去式变化规则:

1 .一般在动词末尾加 -ed ,如: pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2 .结尾是 e 加 d ,如: taste-tasted

3 .末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 -ed ,如: stop-stopped

4 .以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的,变 y 为 i , 再加 -ed ,如: study-studied

5 .不规则动词过去式:

lose( 丢失 ) ----lost make( 制造 ) ----made

mean( 意思 ) ----meant meet( 见 ) ----met

pay( 付 ) ----paid say( 说 ) ----said

sell( 卖 ) ----sold send( 送 )----sent

sit( 坐 ) ----sat sleep( 睡 ) ----slept

smell( 嗅 ) ----smelt spell( 拼写 ) ----spelt

spend( 度过 ) ----spent stand( 站 ) ----stood

teach( 教 ) ----taught tell( 告诉 ) ----told

win( 赢 ) ----won think( 想 ) ----thought

understand( 理解 ) ----understood begin( 开始 ) ----began

blow( 吹 ) ----blew break( 打破 ) ----broke

choose( 选择 ) ----chose do( 做 ) ----did

draw( 画 ) ----drew drink( 喝 ) ----drank

drive( 驾驶 ) ----drove eat( 吃 ) ----ate

fall( 落下 ) ----fell fly( 飞 ) ----flew

forget( 忘 ) ----forgot give( 给 ) ----gave

go( 去 ) ----went grow( 成长 ) ----grew

know( 知道 ) ----knew lie( 躺 ) ----lay----lain

ring( 按铃 ) ----rang write( 写 ) ----wrote

ride( 骑 ) ----rode see( 看见 )----saw

show( 出示 ) ----showed wake( 弄醒 ) ----woke

sing( 唱 ) ----sang speak( 讲话 ) ----spoke

steal( 偷 ) ----stole wear( 穿 ) ----wore

swim( 泳 ) ----swam take( 拿 ) ----took

throw( 扔 ) ----threw become( 成为 ) ----became

come( 来 ) ----came run( 跑 ) ----ran

4. 句式变化规则:

Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化 :

( 1 ) am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was 。( was not=wasn't )

( 2 ) are 在一般过去时中变为 were 。( were not=weren't )

( 3 )带有 was 或 were 的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样,即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not ,一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。

句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句: didn't + 动词原形,如: Jim went home yesterday.

Jim didn't go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:在句首加 did ,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

如: Jim went home yesterday.

Did Jim go home yesterday?

特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句?如: Jim went home yesterday.

Did Jim go home yesterday?

What did Jim do yesterday?

练习:

1、 填空

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛 ? 我想去打篮球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?

I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

3. Nancy is going to go camping. (改否定)

Nancy ________ going to go camping.

4. I’ll go and join them. (改否定)

I _______ go ______ join them.

5. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow. (改一般疑问句)

________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?

6. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30. (改一般疑问句)

_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.

2、 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.Tom _______ (visit) a farm last week.

2. The twins _______ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning.

3. I _______ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday.

4. My father _______ (be) in London last year.

5. What_______ (do) you do three days ago?

6. _______ (be) there any parks here in 1950?

7. What_________(do) you do just now? I __________ (wash) my clothes.

3、 改写句子

1. We are all happy.( 改成一般过去时 ) We _____ all happy.

2. I visit my grandparents every week. ( 用 last week 代替 every week)

_______________________________________________________

3 There were some zebras in the zoo last year. ( 改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答 )

_______________________________________________________________

四、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

2. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

3. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?

5. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend?

——She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

6. What ___________ (do) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm.

——What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

7. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

8. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

9. I ________________ (plan) for my study now.

句型

1) 特殊疑问句。

含义:以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。特殊疑问词总结

① what 什么(职业,姓名等)

what day 星期几 What day is it today?

what size 多大尺码 What size are your shoes?

what time =when 什么时间

what colour 什么颜色

what size 多大号

② when 什么时候 (就时间提问)

where 什么地方(就地点提问)

who 谁(问人的身份,姓名等)

which 哪一个

why 为什么(就原因提问,常用 because 回答)

how 怎么样

how many 多少(提问可数名词数量) How many books do you have ?

多少(提问不可数名词数量) How much water is there in the glass?

How much多少钱(提问价格)

How old 几岁(提问年龄)

多长(提问长度) How long is this ruler?

How long 这把尺子有多长?

多长时间(时间持续多久) How long do you go to school ?

你去学校要多长时间?

How often 多久(提问频率既单位时间发生多少次)

How soon (还要多久时间才能开始或结束) How soon will he come back ?

How far (提问距离有多远) 他多久才能回来?

How heavy (提问有多重)

句型结构:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 ?

Eg :Why do you like watching TV ?

练习:

11. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). ( 对括号部分提问 )

_________________________________________________?

12. My father goes to work by car. ( 改为特殊疑问句 )

__________________________________________________?

13. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 对括号部分提问 )

__________________________________________________?

14. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 对括号部分提问 )

_______ ________ can you dial to call the police

15. Ted put his bag in the desk . ( 改为特殊疑问句 )

_____ ______ Ted _____ in the desk?

16. The students ( went camping ) last week. ( 对括号部分提问 )

_________________________________________________?

17. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). ( 对括号部分提问 )

_____ _____ Diogenes ______ _______?

18. The way to keep fit is ( to eat food and take morn exercise). ( 对括号部分提问 )

_______ _______ the way to _______ _______?

M11

祈使句

祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语 you 常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句

( 1 )动词原形 + 其他

Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

( 2 ) Be + adj.

Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心!

( 3 ) Let's + 动词原形

Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。

2. 否定的祈使句:有 be 动词直接加 not, 没有加 don’t

M12

1.感叹句

由 "what" 引导的感叹句: what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+ 主语 + 谓语 ! .

What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀!

What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀!

What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀!

由 "how" 引导的感叹句: How+adj. ( adv. ) + 主语 + 谓语 ! .

How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀!

How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀!

练习

1. _______ fast the boy ran!

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!

A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what D. What, how

3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said.

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

2. 选择疑问句

选择疑问句是指提供两种或多种情况供对方选择的疑问句,选项之间要用连词 or 连接。

注意: or 连接的是两种同类的事物,且回答不能用 yes 或 no 。

Are you a doctor or a teacher ? 你是医生还是教师? ——I’m a teacher.

Which would you like , tea or coffee ?你想要哪样,是茶还是咖啡? -- I’d like some tea.

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