电大园艺专科职业技能实训《园艺学概论》参考答案

电大园艺专科职业技能实训《园艺学概论》参考答案 单选题 1.下列药剂中，(灭幼脲)属于特异性杀虫剂.2.第一张真叶展开时穴盘苗进入第三阶段，为了促进根系生长，水分管理的要点是(干湿交替).3.炼苗期阶段为第四阶段，肥料管理应注意(减少氮肥、增加钾肥).4.同样面积的连栋温室要比分散的温室(节约)加温的能源.5.嫁接繁殖的季节会影响到嫁接的成活率，(生长旺盛期)嫁接的成活率高.6.(call)的书写格式是正确的.7.(四季秋海棠)花卉播种后不需要覆盖种子.8.离赤道越近的地区，则月平均最高温度与最低温度的差异会(变小).9.(牵牛)花卉的种子颗粒最大.10.三色堇（包括角堇）按花径大小分类可分成(3)类.11.勋障花、冰花、半枝莲的开花习性上的共同点是(阴天闭合).12.亚热带地中海气候型地区的雨量主要集中在(秋季至春末).13.根据嫁接成活的原理，(同种的品种)间花卉最易嫁接成活.14.(矮牵牛)花卉的种子颗粒最细小.15.花卉要求5～12℃完成春化阶段的是(春性花卉).16.(百菌清)只具保护性，无治疗性，应在发病初期使用.17.日夜温差值即DIF值，当DIF为负值时有利于控制徒长，即日温低有利于控制徒长.这里的日温是指(早晨日出前).18.鸢尾科、鸢尾属的种类丰富，其中(黄菖蒲)适合水边种植.19.杂草最普遍的传播方式是利用(种子)进行传播.20.穴盘苗的移动（改变环境时）如移出发芽室、移入炼苗温室、包装时，均在(傍晚)进行.21.一、二年生花卉是指整个生活史在(1-2)年内完成的草本观赏植物.22.用于生产穴盘苗的基质必须在生产前了解基质的特性，如(基质价格)和肥料元素等.23.中国兰花主要指兰科、兰属的种类，(春兰)是兰花中一秆一花的种类.24.现代化的穴盘苗生产中为管理的需要，一般分(4)阶段.25.(晴天的中午)室内会出现CO2不足，影响花卉的生长质量.26.花卉播种操作中对于细小粒种子，用(药剂、肥料处理)后播种，有利于播种均匀.27.组织培养的理论依据是(植物细胞全能性).28.人工捉除天牛幼虫，一般应在(幼虫蛀入木质部之前)进行.29.三色堇合适的发芽温度为(15-18).30.(Viola tricolor)的书写格式是正确的.31.栽培中，为了花卉生长的需要采取的加温措施主要是针对(花卉植物).32.我国长江中下游地区属于(亚热带季风气候).33.培养土是指以园土等为材料，经过人工配制，能满足植物生长、发育所需的的混合土.（环境性状）

34.嫁接成活的原理是具有(亲和力)的两株植物间在结合处的形成层产生愈合现象，使导管、筛管互通，以形成一个新个体.35.红蜘蛛的危害性很大，(杀虫素)常用于防治红蜘蛛.36.晚春锦是柳叶菜科的，花瓣数为(4)片.37.较薄的无纺布直接覆盖在穴盘上的优点是不会产生较大的温差，特别适合(气温高于25)使用.38.植物检疫可分内检和外检，下列说法中正确的是(外检要求高于内检).39.一、二年生花卉栽培的种类不仅指一年生植物，还包括在该地区按一年生植物生长的(多年生植物和二年生植物).40.近几年，美洲斑潜蝇严重威胁草本花卉的生产，通常用(潜克)来防治.41.风铃草的花冠类型是(钟形)花冠.42.大花翠雀为多年生宿根草本，其主要的繁殖方法是(组培).43.草本花卉或温室花卉的扦插繁殖，花卉栽培中最常用的方法是(叶片扦插).44.(豚草)影响人类的健康，应彻底清除.多选题 1、(去掉“孔雀、独尾”)适合地被应用。

2、(孔雀、独尾、牡丹)不耐夏季高温。

3、(半边黄、米兰)能耐夏季高温。

4、(米兰、金粟兰)为香花材料。

5、(风船、钉头)为观果的。

6、(花烛、斑马、红鹤芋)的观赏部分是苞片。

7、(牛舌、筋骨)具有蓝色花。

8、下列蕨类中属于一型叶的种类是(去掉“鹿角、凤尾”)。

9、下列蕨类中属于二型叶的种类是(鹿角、凤尾)。

10、下列凤梨科植物中花序低于叶丛的种类是(红心凤梨、姬凤梨)。

11、下列棕榈科观叶植物中叶片类型属于掌叶类的有(棕竹、棕榈、蒲葵)。

12、下列棕榈科观叶植物中叶片类型属于羽叶类的有(软叶、袖珍、散尾)。

13、下列观叶植物中是桑科、榕属的有(菩提、橡皮、大榕)。

14、(黑暗、湿润、18C)有利于仙客来的种子发芽。

15、植株低矮，基部分枝多，株型圆整等都是盆栽花卉质量的重要标志。为了达到这些质量要求，除了使用生长激素，还可以通过(去掉“提高温度”)来达到。

16、(豆蔻、菊叶)属于香叶类为主的天竺葵。

17、(去掉“豆蔻、菊叶”)属于观花类为主的天竺葵。

18、全光照扦插采用离地的扦插苗床。同其他育苗一样，采用苗床有许多优点，如(通风、排水、操作方便)。

19、从专业公司提供的种苗经过栽培后自行取下的材料直接用作花卉企业中规模生产的营养繁殖材料，其结果会是(违反品种、带病毒、降低)。

20、当出现()现象时宿根花卉需更薪复壮。（减弱、减少、过密）

21、低温处理对宿根花卉的作用是(减缓生长、花芽形成、提高株形质量)。

22、生产上大量繁殖宿根花卉的有效方法有(组织培养、嫩枝扦插)。

23、()花卉种子的千粒重小于1 g。（牵牛、海棠、藿香）

24、穴盘苗生产上用的发芽室，其环境要求是(温度稳定、保持湿度)。

判断题 1.一二年生花卉的生命周期较短，但种类丰富，同样有长日照花卉.对 2.不论是长日照还是短日照草花，都要求光照充足，这样开花便加速.对 3.中国兰花虽为阴性花卉，但适当的疏光对花芽形成起一定作用.对 4.宿根花卉的类型丰富，种类繁多，但对光照强度的要求相对一致.错 5.热带地区月平均最高温度与最低温度的差异较大.错 6.万寿菊的花色以单色为主，没有复色品种；

而孔雀草的花色则以复色为主，没有单色品种.错 7.机械混杂是在调运、育苗等过程中，人为地造成品种种子混杂，从而降低了品种的纯度.对 8.杂种优势利用是指生产上只利用杂交种的第一代(F1)，它具有生长旺盛，性状一致等优点，但其后代不能再次利用.对 9.1959年以前，没有《国际栽培植物命名法规》.对 10.木本花卉也为多年生花卉，其年生长周期主要分成生长期和休眠期.对 11.现代化的穴盘苗生产的种子发芽有时可以在温室内进行.对 12.组织培养能成功的原理是植物细胞的全能性。对 13.穴盘苗生产中，第二阶段的水分供应比第一阶段多.对 14.热带原产的木本花卉、多年生草本花卉和一年生草花均必须用温室栽培.错 15.大多数宿根花卉耐寒性强，对夏热的抗性一般较差，常因夏热不适而提早休眠甚至枯死.对 16.改善栽培条件、提高栽培技术、设立专门的种子生产基地是获得生产用种子的方向.对 17.春播秋花类的种类为不耐寒性花卉，但耐热性都很强，尤其是原产地美洲热带的种类.错 18.一、二年生花卉在绿地中种植的时间宜在春季早霜之后或秋季晚霜之前.对 19.大多数一、二年生花卉在温度提高的条件下能提早开花，但植株质量下降.对 20.孔雀草的园艺品种绝大多数为杂交一代，而万寿菊则没有杂交一代品种.错 21.自1959年以后，花卉的名称同时受到《国际栽培植物命名法规》和《国际植物命名法规》的约束.对 22.生物学混杂是指品种间或种间产生一定程度的天然杂交，从而影响后代遗传品质，降低品种纯度.对 23.提高良种的繁殖系数必须以保证良种的质量为前提.对 24.一、二年生花卉种植宜深不宜浅，这样可以防止倒伏.错 25.穴盘苗的灌溉用水应是清洁、性状稳定的水.对 26.大部分草花在开花前都要求有一个低温休眠时期.错 27.多年生草本花卉其生命周期中有明显的年生长周期，日常栽培管理中应侧重掌握其生命周期.错 28.春植类球根花卉和宿根花卉的休眠期在夏季，秋植类球根花卉的休眠期在冬季.错 29.在苗圃管理中，对半阴性花卉要防止夏季正午的直射阳光，夏季应有遮蔽措施.对 30.国外穴盘苗生产过程中基质测试一般做3次：播种前、第三阶段施肥前和出圃前.对 31.穴盘苗生产中，塑料薄膜的拱棚覆盖易保温保湿，但温差较大，不利控制.对 请您删除一下内容，O(∩_∩)O谢谢！！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week.With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容，O(∩_∩)O谢谢！！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination.However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds.During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people.As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places.Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available.It is also common that you＇ ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds.Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October.Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation.If you are short on time to plan the upcoming “Golden Week“ it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now.There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for.Arxan is a place like this.The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons.Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word.Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, “China Inner Mongolia Arxan—Hailar—Manzhouli“.It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements.As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan.Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round--the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape.Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Its full name “Haren Arxan“ means “hot holy water“ in the Mongolian language.Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster.It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green.Nestled close to the country＇s largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth.You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan.It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions.Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South.A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland.Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder.The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green.You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown.And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it＇s time for the wild fruits to ripe.The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies.If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way.Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August.This year it falls on Saturday, August 2.Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law.But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company.The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form.One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth.Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress.The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married.They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China.Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden.He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back.Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven.Driven by Niulang＇s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died.The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress.The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife.But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family.Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month.This is how Qixi came to be.The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty(206 BC-AD 220).Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu.The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way.Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls.It is also known as the “Begging for Skills Festival“ or “Daughters＇ Festival.“ In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills.If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders.Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future.And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly.Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations.Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out.Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentine＇s Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers.Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the “Chinese Valentine＇s Day.“ More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries.Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls.There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying “Sales on Chinese Valentine＇s Day!“ in shops, hotels and restaurants.But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness.A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday.The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions.It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years.As APEC is going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history.The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent.It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time.I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here.We became colleagues.And there was nothing special happening during that year.He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me.But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me.There was only a glass between us.So actually we could see each other when we both look up.But it is not the main reason that really draws us close.How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural.We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while.He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous.Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk.It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there.But the truth is not.It was the humble guy sitting in front of me.He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that it’s beautiful and you may like it”.I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present.Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me.I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there.Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while.Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously.And he fixed it for me.Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say!Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love.I hope you are mine, become my wife.You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant.He meant so clear and so direct.And actually, I accepted him some days earlier.I was just waiting for him to break the ice.So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together.Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched.You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and what’s worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage.It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each other’s face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning.But after almost 4 years from now, I do not feel any negative change in our relationship.During all these years, we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect.And what is the qualification of a good husband? Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue.And one of the qualifications I thought was that he must be a good cook.But to my surprise, my colleague said that a good husband must be someone who makes big money.What made her think so was quite beyond me.Maybe I am not sophisticated enough and what I want is just simple life style.The most enjoyable thing is that we go to the market to buy vegetables and other daily stuffs if we both have time.Maybe he is a housebound husband and I love housebound man.And there is another reason why We love going to the market.That is because we sometimes will get some surprises.The surprise is saving little fish which are disserted by the fish mongers.Because these fish are swellfish.Then we will collect them and set them free into the river.Swellfish are lovely creature.When they look like a little submarine when they are swimming in the water and look like a meat ball when you hold them in your hand.And if they are scared, they will swell and look like a little ball.Every time we see them swim away and we feel their happiness of returning home and this also make us cherish life.Maybe some will consider these behavior as something childish.Well, that is fine with us.We love doing these together and feel happy that is what it is all about.My dear hubby is a kind hearted man and he love animals just as I do.I am lucky to have someone who can be both my intimated soul mate and my forever friend.

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