山东高考语文作文10篇作文200字

作文摘要：该篇《山东高考语文作文10篇》的作文为高考作文，由作者“xinghong22”与大家一起分享，体裁为其他作文，200字作文，请同学们仔细阅读全文，你觉得作文中哪段或哪句写的最好呢？同时，你发现哪里有错句或错别字吗？请点击这里评论吧！

篇一：2014年山东高考语文作文_300字2014 年山东高考语文作文 材料：一扇窗户，就是一幅画框，通过窗户，可以看到一幅幅画面，有的看到的是雅，有的 看到的是俗，有的看到的是闹，有的看到的是静…… 这则材料引发了你哪些感想，写一篇不少于 800 字的文章。 审题：今年的山东卷仍然采用当前流行的材料作文的方式。这是一则比喻性的材料，通过认 真审读，可以找到突破口：窗户是客观存在的，窗外的景亦是一个客观存在，为什么相同的 条件的下看到的东西却不同呢？这一发问， 是解决问题的关键； 这一问也便打开了写作思路： 之所以看到的有所不同，是因为看问题的人不同，是因为看问题的人的人生观价值观，看问 题的人的当时的心态不同。 立意：1.做一个阳光的人。 2.乐观看人生.

篇二：2011年山东高考英语作文_9500字

2011年山东高考英语作文

假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tom写一封电子邮件：

1．询问Tom的生活和学习情况；

2．谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙；

3．告诉Tom你打算赛后去看他。

注意：1．词数：120-150；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【范文】

Dear Tom,

It’s a month since you studied in Beijing. How is everything going with you? I am really happy to spend such an unforgettable experience with you here.

I am going to take part in an English speech contest for middle school students in July this summer. I think the chance is of great importance for me. To have a very good performance, I am making preparations for it. However, I still have some trouble in collecting useful materials. Meanwhile,I find it hard to use English properly. I would appreciate it if you could offer me a hand. I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay off.

You know, I have been missing you since you left, so I hope to see you in Beijing after the English contest. I can’t wait to see you again!

Yours Sincerely,

Li Hua

2012山东高考英语作文

假设你是新华中学的学生李华,不久前在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文

1. 参加英语角的益处

2. 坚持写英语日记的作用

3. 英文阅读网站Enjoy Reading对你的帮助。

注意1. 词数120-1502. 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。

【范文】

My experience of learning English after class

I'm glad I have won the first prize in the English Contest, which completely contributes to my after-class English learning.I often take part in the English Corner and practice speaking English. There are many participants in the corner and we can talk about any topics in English. By doing this, I have improved my pronunciation and intonation. Most important of all, I have conquered my shyness and timidness. I can talk to anybody boldly in English. So I didn't feel nervous in the contest at all. At the same time I insist on keeping diaries in English every day. I will

try my best to bring what I have learnt to use. Thus my knowledge has been reviewed and enlarged. I also visit English reading websites to read much. Learning English depends on reading widely and largely. Those sites provide many English articles of all levels and I can find appropriate ones to read. The dictionary in the computer can help me deal with the new vocabulary quickly. Therefore I benefit much from the reading. Above are my three main learning methods of learning English after class. They are helpful and convenient to me. I hope they are also beneficial for you.

Li Hua

As can be seen in the picture, a butcher is selling meat to a man. He is very happy, saying to himself

In modern times, some people do n't seem to be very honest and they often deceive each other. They can do anything, right or wrong, in their own interest. As a result, harm will be done to both sides. W hat's worse, children are deeply affected and they sometimes cheat in the examination and often tell lies. Therefore, it's high time that we were well aware of the serious p roblem.

漫画作文训练题：

1. 漫画分析理解：

1)现在有一些学生沉迷于网络游戏，家长和学校对此忧心忡忡2)但有人认为网络游戏并不是一无是处3)你对此的看法是„„Online Games

As we can see in the picture/graph, online games have become very popular among students. Many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games. But as we see, some students lacking self-discipline are too much involved in these games so that their health and academic performances are affected. This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents。

However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly. Moreover, they can promote their imagination and their interest in computer science. More importantly, it does bring students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly。

From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if you play them in a clever way. When they affect too much of your study, it is better for you to give them up at once. But if you have enough self-control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them.

2. 漫画分析理解：1)近年来“博客”越来越流行，许多人利用“博客”来表达心声、交流想法2)博客流行的原因3)目前的博客中可能存在的问题

The Popularity of Blog

As is shown by the graph ，in recent years, blog has become very popular. More and more people have created their own blogs and often visit others’ blogs. They use

blog to express their inner voice, or collect and share thoughts and things they find interesting. In brief, blog is an online dairy or a frequently updated personal page.

Why does blog become so popular in such a short time? Firstly, it is the widespread of Internet that provides a platform for the appearance and popularity of blog. Secondly, anyone can create his own blog as he wishes. Blog has no fixed rules and needn’t professional knowledge and skills, which enables millions of people to have a voice and connect with others. Thirdly, blog covers all kinds of topics from daily life to political forums, from individual thoughts to world events. Among millions of blogs, you can always find something you are interested in。

However, blog has some problems. For one thing, copying others’articles in blog is not unusual. The protection of blog copyright cannot be guaranteed. For another, many blog contents are in a mess, and some even include unhealthy things. Therefore, blog still has a long way to go before it becomes mature.:

3. 漫画分析理解：

1)近年来出现大学生就业难的现象2)产生这一现象的原因3)如何解决这一问题College Students’ Job Hunting

We can see from the picture that, nowadays, the employment of college students is becoming more and more of a problem. About a decade ago, university students could find satisfactory and enviable jobs after graduation, while the things are quite different at present. In addition, according to statistics, about 30% of graduate students can’t find a job but stay at home after graduation。

Employment difficulty of college students is due to the following reasons. Among these, the increasing recruitment of colleges and universities plays a vital role. In addition, many colleges and universities fail to adapt their courses to the development of economy。

Considering the seriousness of unemployment of college students, I think it is high time that we took effective measures to solve the problem. Above all, college students should realize their own disadvantages and further improve themselves in society. Moreover, colleges or universities should provide more trainings and practice opportunities before the students enter the society. Besides, college students should hold a right attitude towards jobs and set their job expectations at a suitable level. Only through these ways can the college students find a satisfactory job and have a brighter future.

4... 漫画分析理解：

1)近几年兴起了一股报考国家公务员的热潮2)分析产生这一现象的原因3)你对此的看法是„Test for National Civil Servants

As is described in the picture, in recent years, there are more and more people who have participated in the test for national civil servants. Millions of students choose civil servant as their most ideal occupation after graduation. And among them, the high-educated, like masters and doctors, take quite a large percentage. The craze in civil servant test has attracted widespread attention。

The following reasons can account for this kind of craze. Above all, nowadays college students face great employment pressure. Civil servant, as one of the most stable professions in today’s China, becomes their preferable choice. Moreover, in

recent years, the welfare and salary of civil servants have been improved greatly, which undoubtedly attracts many people. Besides, the high social position of civil servants is an important factor drawing many people to take part in the civil servant test.

In my opinion, this craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years. However, from the long run, it doesn’t do good to the development of the nation. If most high-quality talents gather in the government departments, it might lead to a waste of resources. Therefore, both the individuals and the government should have a more objective recognition of the civil servant test craze.

Dear editor,

With the development of economy, our city has changed a lot.. But at the same time, there comes many problems, for example, rubbish is thrown by people everywhere.

As we can see, rubbish is harm to us. It pollutes our environment and is dangerous to our health. So , it’s time for us to pay attention to this problem and do somethingto save the environment.

In my opinion, the government should make laws to prevent the public from throwing rubbish everywhere. The law can include paper and glass recycle. This can reduce rubbish as well as save sources. Besides, we should also do our best to protect the environment.

As long as we unite together to protect the environment, can we have a better world!

空气污染(Air Pollution)

Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world. A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations. Automobile, trains, planes and busses need energy, too. Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels. The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution.

Scientists are finding ways to stop air pollution especially in big industrial areas and densely-populated cities. They are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluted material. Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment.

However, it may be that we still have a long way to go before we have a

篇三：山东高考英语作文指导_46900字

山东高三第二轮专题复习之高考英语

作文相关辅助材料整理

班级_____姓名_____

May you succeed in the coming college entrance examination.

目录：

部分一：近五年山东高考作文总结1-4

部分二：作文范文了解4-13

部分三：写作高频词句总结（按话题分类）13-17 部分四：作文模板 17-21

第一部分---近五年山东高考作文总结

2007年山东高考英语作文范文

今年，教育部直属示范大学将招收一批免费示范生，学生毕业后须回生源所在省份的中小学任教10年以上，你愿意成为一名免费示范生吗？请陈述理由。

Recently I learned From the newspaper that normal universities belonging to the Education Department would recruit some students free. As a return, the students must serve as a primary school teacher for at least 10years in his hometown. I feel that is good news for me and I will contact the universities to get enrolled.

First of all, as a farmer's child, my family's living condition is not so good; I can hardly afford the high tuition of regular universities. I am so happy to get this chance to become a college student and continue my study. Secondly, serving as a teacher is my dream since I was a child. I was brought up in a mountain village. Many of my little friends got poor education and they had to get to work as a teenager. If I become a teacher, I will devote myself to offering them better education.

Lastly, our country is in great need of teachers, especially in rural areas. After I graduate, I will return to my hometown and serve as a good teacher.

08年山东卷高考英语作文及范文

假设你是新华中学的学生张华，班里从外地转来一名同学李明，他一时无法融入到新的班集体中，感到很苦恼。请根据下列要点用英语(Q吧)给他写封信：

帮他分析原因；

给他提出建议；

陈述你帮助他的具体打算。

Dear LiMing,

I know you are now having trouble communicating with others, and you may often feel lonely. That’s because you are new here and people don’t know about you. But I think you can make it if only you can follow the advice below.

First, you should take an active part in the discussions and show your own opinions about the matters, and at the same time, learn to listen to other people’s views. Second, you should learn about your classmates' likes and dislikes. Then you can have much in common with them. This way, you can get to know more different people and show them that you are just as

friendly. Last but not least, I’m always here ready to help. we can take part in some activities together and I can introduce you to others.

With time going on, people will know you better and will like to make friends with you if you can do as the above.

Yours Sincerely,

Zhang Hua

09年高考英语作文及范文（山东卷）

假设你是李华，曾在美国学校，现已回国。你想联系你的美国老师Mr. Smith.但没其联系方式，请根据以下几点给你的美国同学Tom写一封信： 感谢Tom对你英语学习的帮助；

询问Mr. Smith的近况并索要其联系方式；

邀请Tom在春节期间来中国感受中国文化。

可适当增加细节。

I am now back China and sound. In this letter I would like to convey my heartfelt appreciation to you for your kind assistance in my English learning when I was in New York. Additionally, your generous help and tender care made me feel warmly welcomed and transformed my first American trip into a unforgettable memory.

I have been missing our English professor, Mr. Smith whose unusual cast of mind, wide and varied knowledge, together with a singular personal charm, combined to exert a strong influence on me.What about him recently? I desire to contact him for some suggestions on improving my listening ability.However, his email address is not available. So would you mind delivering it to me via the online mailbox?

I am more than delighted to invite you to join us to celebrate the Spring

Festival -Chinese Lunar New Year so that I can repay your friendship. You can partner with me to have a try in lion dances, which is extremely exciting. And the grand lantern festival parade will be bound to impress you. I assure you that you would enjoy visiting here as I did at you home.

With my best regards!

2010高考英语写作：山东卷作文参考范文

假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：

1. 表示歉意； 2. 解释原因；3. 另约时间。

注意：1. 词数120~150； 2. 可适当增加细节。

Dear Tom,

I am indeed very sorry that I can’t go to Beijing with you next week , which I have promised .I feel sorry for about it and want you to know what happened .

Just now, mycousin, Li Qiong, who left home to Australia for his further study last year, informed me that he would return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport with his family. You know, we haven’t seen each other for nearly a year.

I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand me. I

would appreciate your allowing me to make another date to show you around Beijing .Once again ,Ｉ’m sorry for any inconvenience caused .

Sincerely yours,

Li Hua

2011年高考英语作文之山东卷

假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tom写一封电子邮件： 询问Tom的生活和学习情况；

谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙；

告诉Tom你打算赛后去看他。

可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Tom,

It’s a month since you studied in Beijing. How is everything going with you? I am really happy to spend such an unforgettable experience with you

here.

I am going to take part in an English speech contest for middle school students in July this summer. I think the chance is of great importance for me. To have a very good performance, I am making preparations for it. However, I still have some trouble in collecting useful materials. Meanwhile, I find it hard to use English properly. I would appreciate it if you could offer me a hand. I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay off.

You know, I have been missing you since you left, so I hope to see you in Beijing after the English contest. I can’t wait to see you again!

Yours Sincerely,

第二部分---类型作文背诵

一、与报社等讨论稿（带手机利弊）

Dear Editor:

[引出话题] I am a senior three student. I’m writing to tell you my opinion on whether middle school students can go to school with mobile phones. [赞成]I think they can do that.Because students can keep in touch with their friends and family wherever they are. Besides, the mobile phone is a way to have fun.

[反对] However, every coin has 2 sides. There are some problems with using mobile phones. The ring of phones can disturb teachers and students in the classroom. Another students is that some students can spend too much time and money on phone calls and sending messages.

[个人观点] In conclusion, I suggest students not use phones in the classroom. Also, as it is expensive, the owner should take good care of it.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

二、看对照表格写调查报告（孩子出国利弊）

[调查内容] A survey is taken onpublic opinions of the fact that many parents spend a large amount of money sending their children to study abroad, some of whom are middle school students.

[调查结果]From it we can see that38 percent of those surveyed think it is worth the money letting children study abroad to get a better education so that they can get pay in return in the future. However, not all are for it / some

are against it.62% of themhold the view that it is difficult for young people to live and study in a foreign country. It’s easy for them to fall / get into some bad habits and the cost of education in another country is ten times as much as that at home.

[解决措施]The survey shows that the government should set up different kinds of schools to meet the demands of different children.

三、读柱状图表写调查报告 [注意句式变换]

Middle school students have some ideas about their future jobs.

The most striking contrast is in teaching: 30percent of the girls would like to become teachers while only 5percent of the boys want to do the job. 20 percent of the boys want to do business and another 20 percent want to become lawyers, while girls make up 15percent in these two fields. What boys like to do most is to become managers and the second largest group would like to be scientists. Besides teaching, the second choice for girls is to be scientists and managers. The number is not small. Girls also expect to show their abilities in these two fields.

四、写信（过去/现在对比）

Dear editor,

I’m a middle school student. I once had a very happy family, but

everything has changed because of my father.He used to be a very good

doctor and was often praised by his patients. He took good care of the family and shared the housework with my mother every day.

However, he is now quite a different person. He plays mahjong all night and often quarrels with my mother. I just can’t concentrate on my studies and my grades are coming down. I’m very much worried and I’m afraid it will destroy my family as well as my father

Could you help me what to do? I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

五、 人们总以为淡水是取之不尽的，实际上淡水资源是很有限的。请谈谈你的看法。

It is generally believed that there is a good supply of fresh water. But to our disappointment, the fact is just the opposite.

As we can see, the world population is growing rapidly day by day. So enough fresh water is needed to feed such a big population. What's more, with the development of industry, factories and vehicles produce poisonous gases or wastes, which consequently results in the pollution of water.

Though fresh, a good amount of it can no longer be used. Only quite limited fresh water resource is available to human beings. So it's high time for us human beings to take quick action to protect water resource. Stop pollution and save water, otherwise, we cannot survive on the earth.

With fresh water, the world will be prosperous. (130words)

六、广播稿（看图海啸）

Boys and girls,

May I have your attention, please?At the end of 2004, a strong

earthquake hit the west part of Indonesia, which brought on a terrible

tsunami to some areas of western Asia. This disaster has caused millions of deaths and destroyed many beautiful cities. How terrible things are! Besides, millions more who have become homeless are in great need of help now.

At present many countries all over the world including China have sent rescue teams there and thousands of people in every corner of the world are donating money to show their concern for them.

It is true that many natural disasters can’t be avoided sometimes. But at least we can do something to help the people in the tsunami-hit areas. So let’s offer our pocket money to them!

Thank you.

七、通知

Dec. 19th, 2004

NOTICE

To help students learn more about computers, we have invited Professor Wang from the Computer Department of Qinghua University to give us a lecture on Saturday, December 22nd. Professor will talk about the use of computer and how to learn through the Internet.

The lecture begins at 2:00pm in Room 204 of the Library Building. Any computer-lover is welcome to attend the lecture. Please bring your questions in computer learning. Professor Wang will leave you time for questions.

Don’t forget to be on time.

the Students’ Union

八、欢迎词

Ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome to our school! Now let me introduce something about the changes that have taken place in our class.

We used to listen and take notes in class, but had no time to think for ourselves. Because we were not interested in the lessons, we often felt sleepy while listening. After school we had to finish much homework, unable to have some sports.

However, things are different now. With the help of computers, the lessons are so lively and interesting that the students are active to answer the questions instead of falling asleep. As a result, we have made greater

progress than before, though we spend less time doing our homework. And we can enjoy ourselves after class.The good teaching method is popular with all of us. We will try our best to study even harder.

That’s all. Thank you!

九、求职信

Dear Sir,

The other day from China daily I know that your company needs a travel guide.I’m writing to apply for the job.

I’m Chinese, female. I was born on March 25, 1983 in Zhuzhou, Hunan province. I graduated from Hunan University last month. I enjoy working with people. I’m young and healthy, delightful, helpful. I can speak standard Chinese and I’m good at English. I once won the first prize of English

competition in our college. I’m very interested in traveling and know many places of interest in China.

I think I’m suited for the job. If you can let me have this chance I will try my best to do it well.

Expecting you answer. You can connect me by posting a letter toNo 4 Middle School of Zhuzhou or dial this number:0733-8483628.

Yours sincerely,

Zhoulan

十、最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票?请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。

60％的同学认为不应该收门票 2.公园是公众休闲的地方 3.如收门票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象

40％的同学认为 1．应收门票，但票价不要太高支付园林工人工资购新花木

Dear Editor．

I am writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks．

60% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee do not meet people’s expectations, for a park is considered to be a place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy either at home or at work. If an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls. In the end a city will take on a bad look. 40% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive. The money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buying some other kinds of flowers and trees.

With regard to myself, I think an entrance fee is useful, for it can be used to protect a park. Do we share the same opinion, dear editor? Yours truly,Li Hua

十一、假设你是刘英。最近你就流行节目“超级女生”(Super Grls)或“快乐男生”(HappyBoys)收集了同学们的不同看法。请根据下表内容给征稿的某英语报刊编辑写封信，并谈谈你自己的观点。

注意：1．词数100个左右，信的开头和落款已为你写好(不计人总词数)； 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯；

Dear Editor,

Recently, I've collected some different opinions from my classmates about the program Super Girls or Happy Boys.

Some of them argue that it offers a good chance for young people to discover their own strong points as well as weaknesses. Meanwhile, it can get them ready for any challenges and enrich their life experiences. However, st)me of my classmates don't think so. They feel that it could mislead those youngsters. Especially to the school girls and boys, it may cause some troubles. For example, it may affect their study badly.

In my opinion, every coin has two sides. So long as we have a correct attitude and good self-control, it's still OK to join in it.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

十二、某校周刊在中学生中展开了就中学生能否在校园使用手机的大讨论。请你根据以下提示，发表自己的看法.

Mobile Phone

Being a product of high-technology, mobile phones are being more and more widely used. It's small in size, light in weight and easy to carry, offering fast and convenient service for communication. It’s of

multi-function. The users use it for calling, sending short messages and internet-surfing.

In recent years, mobile phones have become popular among middle school students. Quite a few use them at school to keep in touch with their families and friends instead of writing letters, which, of course brings convenience to them. But I don't think it's good to do so.

In spite of the advantage mentioned above, student users often waste a lot of time chatting over the phone in their spare time, some even use them to cheat in exams. In addition, mobile phone bill is also a heavy burden on students' families.

十三、诚实有益

当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。

As society and economy develop, dishonesty is no longer a stranger to us. Manufacturers and businessmen may promise more than their products can guarantee so as to make more profit. Doctors and nurses may lie to their patients for their patients’ benefit. Students may cheat on exams for better scores. As a matter of fact, dishonesty has become so widespread that wherever you are you find cases of dishonesty.

However, it is honesty that brings benefit both to yourself and to others. By being honest, manufacturers and businessmen build up mutual trust between themselves and customers, which in the long run generates more profit. By telling patients the truth about their conditions so that they can make their own decisions, doctors and nurses enhance their own credibility and honor their profession. By giving honest answers to questions, not only

can students themselves learn about their own strengths and weaknesses, but they help their teachers evaluate the quality of their instruction as well.

Therefore, it pays to be honest and everybody must learn to be honest.

十四、如何交朋友(How to Make Friends)

Everyone needs friends. A friend can give us help and share our

difficulties and happiness. But how can we make friends?

First, to make friends, you must be friendly to others. Smile at others and you are sure to get a smile in return. You should try to make a stranger feel at home wherever he happens to be. Think more of others than of yourself and never judge a person by his appearance and clothes. Second, friends should negotiate instead of quarrel. When you don＇t agree someone, please discuss with him. Finally, never believe in those who leave you when you are in trouble. And never leave your friend when he is in trouble. Remember, a friend in need is a friend indeed.

Friends should be faithful to each other. So long as you can put your friend＇s interests in front of yours, you will have a lot of good friends.

十五、电视(Television)

提纲：

电视展现给我们一个五彩缤纷的世界。电视的教育作用。然而，电视也会有害。

Television presents a vivid world in front of us. We can bring the theater, art, con certs, and sports events into our homes when we might otherwise never be able to see them. Television brings the world to people who cannot travel.

Television can play an educational role in our daily life. Not only can we hear and see news as it happens, we can actually observe the paces and the people involved. Also people are able to take college courses by television. We are more knowledgeable of the whole world because of television.

However, television can also be harmful. Many of the programs now available show violence and scenes which are harmful to young people.

Some students watch television instead of studying and doing exercise. Even though TV can educate and bring the world to us, we must carefully select the programs to watch.

十六、人生成功的途径很多，请你根据你的理解，谈谈自己的看法。

Success, as is known, is the pursuit of many ambitious people. It

requires much of a person. In my view, above all, one should be a person of strong perseverance. Rome was not built in a day. On our long way to success, there are undoubtedly many difficulties standing in the way. If we lose heart and give up halfway, nothing can be achieved. Throughout history, we have had many famous successful people in the world, of whom no one is weak-minded.

Furthermore, one needs to work hard to realize his dream just as the

famous saying goes “Hard work leads to success”. Look at these around us and we’ll find diligent people are always the favor of our society. They usually achieve more than expected. Why do so many of our classmates of average intelligence go far ahead of others? Hard work is definitely supposed to be the answer. And still, I hold that one must keep in pace with the

informative world. There’s no denying that our world is changing every day.

So one can never be locked alone inside his own room, doing his

research work and dedicated to book knowledge. How can an isolated person be well-informed enough to go ahead of others? If so, that could be

ridiculous. Success is what one desires. So long as one is perseverant, hard working and up-to-date, I am sure success is near at hand.

十七、我对考试作弊的看法

My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations

It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don't work hard at our lessons. So when taking

examinations, some students sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.

In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it break the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What's more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.

十八、有人认为，世界上最重要的东西是“钱”。许多人不同意这个看法。请就这个问题谈谈你的意见。

The Most Important Thing in the World

In my opinion，the most important thing in the world is TIME. However long one may live，his life consists of a certain number of years，and a year has only12months，a month30days and one day24hours. Once you waste one hour, you cannot get it back no matter how much you would pay for it. Even though you are the richest person in the world，you cannot afford to waste your time，because it means that you are wasting your life. Even though you are the most powerful person in the world，one hour

has60minutes for you just as for everyone else who struggles at the bottom of the society.

Some people think that the most important thing in the world is money. In their opinion，if you have enough money，you will have everything you want. I would like to ask them a simple question：Can you buy time？ The only thing with which we can win more time is efficiency. If you work with high efficiency，you can do more in a certain period of time than other people.

十九、假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。请根据图画提供的信息，写信介绍住房的情况，并告知住房面积为25平方米，月租500元。

I’m very happy to receive your letter, and I’m glad to hear that you will go to China to learn Chinese here. I have already found a fiat for you. It is on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you there, and it is one stop before the Chinese School. The flat is on the third floor with 3 rooms, one of which is bedroom, the other two are

bathroom and kitchen. There are a bed, a sofa, a desk and some chairs in this 25 square-metres small fiat, and the rent is 500 yuan per month. Maybe this fiat is not as good as your wish, but I’ll try my best to meet your needs. If it is not suitable enough, write to me and I will look for another better place.Hope you will come here soon!

All the best!

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

第三部分-写作高频词句总结（按话题分类）

话题一：中学生的爱好与兴趣

spare time (业余时间), favorite (最喜欢的), interest(兴趣), hobby(爱好), appetite(嗜好),taste(口味), read novels(也小说), play football/basketball(打足球/篮球), surf the internet(上网), chat online(在线聊天), play games(玩游戏), collect stamps(集邮), make e-friends(交网友), climb mountains(爬山), watch TV (看电视), enjoy popular music(喜欢流行音乐),be interested in(对„感兴趣), develop an interest in(在„方面发展兴趣), be fond of(喜欢„),be keen on(喜欢„), have love for(喜爱„), have a taste in(对„有兴趣)

话题二：劳动与劳动观念

work(工作), be at work(在工作), work hard(努力工作), produce(生产), worker(工人), labor force(劳动力), labor(劳动), voluntary labor(义务劳动)，serve the people(为人民服务)，heart and soul(全心全意)，physical labor(体力劳动), mental labor(脑力劳动), labor viewpoint(劳动观念), labor day(劳动节), workday(工作日), means of labor(劳动方式),honorable(光荣的), be devoted to(奉献于..), value(价值), earn money(赚钱) , personal interests(个人利益)

话题三：创建和谐社会

harmonious(和谐的), friendly(友好的), civilized(文明的), honest(真诚的), credible (诚信的), be public-spirited(有公德心的), balanced(平衡的), be in order(有序的), peaceful(和平的), live in harmony(生活和谐), sustainable development(可持续发展)等，help each ether(互助), care for each other(互相关心), have deep love for (热爱), be concerned with (关心), build(创建), cherish(珍惜), take an active part in(积极参与), pay attention to social moral(讲究社会公德), protect the environment(保护环境), save energy(节省能源)等。no pains, no gains. 没有付出就没有收获sustainable development可持续发展it is honorable to „„是光荣的。improve the qualities of life 提升生活质量„can be achieved by hard work.„可以通过劳动获得。

it is difficult to find work in the present situation.在当前形势下很难找到工作。 If everyone does something for the society, our world will be more beautiful， everyone should „ and devotes himself to building our motherland into a strong country.每个人应该„，为把我们祖国建设成为一个强壮的国家而奉献自己的量。

话题四：招聘与求职

employ(雇佣), look for(寻找), take in(吸纳), full-time(全职的), part-time(兼

职的), well-paid(薪水高的), be paid by the hour(按小时发工资), requirement(要求), résumé(个人履历),schooling(受教育情况), subjects(课程), working experience(工作经历), qualification(合格证明), transcript (成绩单), health(健康状况), present address(现在通讯地址)等，apply for(申请„), graduate from(毕业于), major in(以„为专业), degree(学位), scholarship(奖学金), good grades(良好的成绩), hobby(爱好), favorite(最喜欢的), be skilled in(在„方面熟练), be good at(擅长„), experienced(有经验的), confident(自信的), English and computer ability(英语和计算机能力), healthy(健康的)

话题五：中学生的健康问题

physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态), un/healthy(不健康/健康的), overweight/fat(肥胖的), thin(瘦的), near/short-sighted(近视的), mentally unhealthy(精神不健全的), normal(正常的), abnormal(不正常的), energetic(精力旺盛的), unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯), eat much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品)，stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康), build up one’s body/ improve one’shealth(强身健体), enough sleep(充足的睡眠), take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动), roper diet(合理的饮食), good living habits(良好的生活习惯), lose weight(减肥), remove heavy burdens(减轻负担), be good for/do good to(对„有益处), nutrition(营养), go on diet(节食), form a „ eating habit(养成一个„的饮食习惯)

话题六：环境保护

pollute（污染），waste is scattering here and there.（到处撒满了废弃物），protect the environment(保护环境) ，send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air（散发出烟和有毒气体），cut down trees(砍伐树木)， pour waste water into the rivers（把废水注入河流），it is a shame to throw rubbish around. （乱扔垃圾是可耻的），form good habits to protect the surroundings（养成良好的习惯来保护环境）， take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物)， take good care of our forests（关心我们的森林），plant more trees to improve the environment （多植来改善环境），the terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings. (可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。)protect the environment 保护环境….is/are environmentally friendly ……是环保的。 litter / to scatter garbage 乱丢垃圾 reduce pollution减少污染beautify the environment 美化环境benefit / to be beneficial to„对„有益be harmful to / to do harm to对„有害 save water / electricity 节水，节电 live a low carbon life 低碳生活cause inconvenience 造成不便save energy节省能源cut down

trees砍伐树木 save /waste resource浪费/节约资源raise people’s

environmental awareness提高人们的环保意识

take active and effective measures to control pollution采取积极有效的措施控制污染 it is a shame to throw rubbish around. 乱扔垃圾是可耻的form good habits to protect the surroundings养成良好的习惯来保护环境take good care of our forests关心我们的森林the terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings. 可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害Something must be done to stop the pollution. Only in this way can we live happily.。） If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us.( 如果我们不节约水，那么最后一滴水也许会是我们人类的眼泪)

话题七：校园相关

school rules and regulations(学校规章制度),obey(遵守), observe(遵守), keep/observe discipline(遵守纪律), behave well(表现良好),be neatly dressed(穿戴整洁), respect one’steachers and parents(尊敬师长), be on time(准时), keep the environment clean(保持环境干净), civilized(文明的) break the rules(违反规章制度), discipline(纪律), spit(吐痰), throw rubbish everywhere(乱扔垃圾), cheat in the exam(考试作弊), get in line (插队), fight with sb.(与„打架), punish sb. for (因„处罚某人)等。the students are told not to break any of the rules of the school. 学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度。the students are expected to „学校期望学生„。it must be made clear that the students should „必须明确的一点是，学生应该„。„ is of no good to a friendly and harmonious society. „对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的。it is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的。it is worthy of praise to ...„是值得表扬的。it is shameful to „„是可耻的what we should do is that „我们应该做的事情是„to get on well with sb. /sth. 与某人相处的好、某事进展顺利to be poor at / be weak in „在„方面差to make progress in „在„方面取得进步to fail /pass the examination （没有）通过考试to succeed / to be successful in„取得成功to be active in„在„方面积极to take an active part in „积极参与to learn„ by heart 记住，背下来to bear ... in mind牢记在心 to win the first prize / get the first place in the competition 在比赛中得一等奖to have a good command of English英文很好to have a wide range of knowledge有广泛的知识

话题八：友谊

get to know sb.(认识某人), know sb. really well(熟知某人), make friends with

sb.(和某人交朋友), a strong personality (一个很强的个性), personal matters(隐私), friendship(友谊), friendly(友好的),a close friend(一个亲密的朋友), trust each other (相互信任), precious(珍贵的), worthy(有价值的), understanding(通情达理的), share „with sb.(与„分享„), be loyal to(对„忠诚), keep in touch with sb. (与„保持联系), keep company with sb.(和„结交), stay best friends with sb. (和„保持很好的友谊)等

话题九：感观与思维活动常见表达方式

to catch sight of „看见to see / hear sb do (doing) 看到 / 听到某人（正在）做„to take notice of „注意到 to take„into consideration / account考虑到to have a good understanding of „对„很了解to consider / regard „ to be „认为 to come to know„开始了解到to realize that „意识到to be filled with joy充满喜悦 be tired of 厌烦to be delighted / to take delight / to take a pleasure in doing„以„为乐to be worried / upset / concerned about„对„担忧to feel excited about„对„感到兴奋to feel surprised /shocked / astonished at „对„感到吃惊/震惊to be sorry / regretful for „对„感到遗憾be pleased / satisfied / content with „对„感到满意to look forward to doing„ / to long for„期待„to be eager to do / to have a strong desire to do „渴望做„to make up one’s mind / to be determined to do „决定做„to feel refreshed精神抖擞to relieve the tension and anxiety解除紧张和焦虑to be energetic精力充沛的to be bored感到无聊to be encouraged / inspired感到振奋、受到鼓舞to be discouraged / frustrated感到气馁to be tired out感到十分疲倦to be disturbed / bothered感到烦恼 to lose patience失去耐心 to lose heart失去信心

话题十：态度与感受

to speak / think highly of„对„评价高to broaden the horizon开拓视野 to broaden the mind开拓心胸to realize one's ambition实现抱负

to keep one's promise守信用to keep up with the times跟上时代

to be concerned about the society关心社会 to fulfill one's duty尽到责任

to be faced/confronted with the difficulty面临困难to get through the difficulties / to weather the storm渡过困境to stick to the principle坚守原则 to escape the reality逃避现实to pull oneself together / to take heart振作

to take / shoulder the responsibility承担责任to take / seize the opportunity把握机会to set a good example / to be a role model树立楷模to be independent / to stand on one's own自立to achieve the aim/goal达到目标

话题十一：业余生活

go for an outing / a picnic 去郊游/野餐go sightseeing 观光to appreciate the scenery of nature欣赏大自然的风景to keep healthy / fit保持健康to relax oneself放松身心to strengthen/build up the body锻炼身体 to meet the demand / need符合需要to break the ice打破沉默 to take measures/action采取措施（行动）to develop / get into the habit of„养成„习惯to raise the standard of living提升生活水平to have a deep understanding of有很深的了解to follow the fashion/trend跟随潮流to have a chat with聊天to have a great influence on有很大的影响to make a deep impression on予人很深的印象to give one a lift给人搭便车to kill time消磨时间to live in harmony 生活和谐to take regular exercise 有规律的运动to have proper diet 合理的饮食to have a sleepless night 彻夜未眠

第四部分--英语作文模板

一、 对比观点题型

①此类作文往往要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 基本框架：第一段：背景介绍

第二段有些人认为……另一些人认为……我的看法……

【段落一】The topic of ①____________（横线处填入作文主题。常用句子是：whether we / the students / people…..should…….）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say②_______________(横线处填入第一种观点，可以用 that引导一个说明第一种观点的完成的句子)is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ③____________（支持观点一的理由一）What is more, ④

____________（理由二).(视情况看是否需要添加理由三Moreover, ⑤____________ (理由三).)

【段落二】While others think ⑥_________（横线处填入第二种观点，可以用 that引导一个说明第二种观点的完成的句子）is a better choice in the following_____(有几个理由在横线处填写相应的数字，one ,two, three等)reasons. Firstly, ⑦____________ (横线处填入第一个理由，应是一个完整的句子). Secondly (besides), ⑧____________（横线处填入第二个理由，应是一个完整的句子)）. (Thirdly (finally), ____________ (横线处填入第三个理由，应是一个完整的句子).)

【段落三】From my point of view, I think⑨ ____________（我的观点）. The reason is that ____________ (原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.

范文：是否应该网上交朋友

With the development of Internet, surfing the Internet becomes one of the most common everyday activities in our daily life. And on-line chatting is popular with a great number of people, especially we high school students. Should students make friends on line? Some people say yes. The Internet helps make many friends. Chatting on line, students can express their feelings and opinions more freely and even get help with their foreign language studies.

Others, however, think students should not. They say making friends on line is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study. Besides, some students get cheated on line.

It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other, things. As for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.

范文：我们是应该进行选择性阅读还是广泛性阅读

When asked about reading selectively or extensively, people may find it hard to come to consensus due to their different experience and conflicting values.

Those who advocate the ideas of reading selectively believe that you are less likely to win if you don’t excel in one field, since the competition is fierce today. For one thing, time is limited while books are numerous. For another, some harmful books can corrupt one’s mind and even cause crimes.

Nevertheless, those who insist on reading extensively hold that people can broaden knowledge and experience by reading widely. First of all, one should always go after a greater achievement. Furthermore, only by reading extensively, can one keep abreast of time. Most important of all, knowledge is the source of power.

On balance, I think we should increase both the quality and quantity of our reading. That is because the significant of good reading cannot be overvalued as well as that of reading extensively.

②给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

【段落一】When asked about ________________(①引出主题), different people will offer different opinions/views/answers. Some people think that ________________(②观点A). They hold this idea because ____________________(③支持观点A的理由). However, there are still many people who won’t agree. They argue that _______________(④支持观点B的理由一).

【段落二】Personally, I am on the side of the former(前者) / latter(后者) argument. For one thing, ____________________(我支持/反对的理由之一).For another, _______________________(我支持/反对的理由之二).

【段落三】In conclusion, __________________(结论).In my opinion, I really think / never think this reason can be the point.

范文：有人认为数字可以带来运气，请结合自身情况谈谈自身的观点。

（分析：数字肯定和运气无关，这种题目看似要分析两面性，但是实际上更适合写反驳观点型的作文）

When asked about lucky numbers, different people will offer different opinions. Some people think that lucky numbers can bring good luck. They hold this view because they believe lucky numbers will help them fulfill their wishes - to be rich or successful. However, there are still many people who won't agree. They argue that such

kind of idea is only ignorant and superstitious belief.

Personally, I am on the side of the latter argument. For one thing, numbers, including lucky numbers, are just a tool for counting. They don't have magic power. For another, whether we will have good luck or not depends on ourselves instead of lucky numbers. If we work hard and make good preparations, good luck will come to us.Therefore, lucky numbers don't bring good luck. It is our hard work and good preparations that bring us good luck.

二、阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．分析并举例使其更充实．

【段落一】The good old proverb①____________（名言或谚语）reminds us that②____________ (用完整的句子解释说明谚语的含义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.

【段落二】First of all, ③____________ (蕴含的道理一). For example, ④____________ (举例说明).Secondly, ⑤

____________ (蕴含的道理二). Another case is that⑥

____________ (举例说明). Furthermore , ⑦____________ (理由

三)．

【段落二】In my opinion, ⑧____________ (我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying⑨ ____________（名言或谚语）. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

范文：谈下就警句“欲速则不达”的看法。

A famous saying goes “Haste makes waste”, which means that one should do everything step by step. Even simple operations can easily be spoiled if we rush to complete them, neglecting important stages in the process. One should make full preparations before beginning any task.

Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list. The best illustration might be English study. Without a good command of pronunciation, we can never hope to speak in an understandable way. Similarly, if we do not learn to spell properly and to acquire a basic grasp of grammar, we will never succeed in writing good compositions.

In short, laying a solid foundation is essential if we want to make achievements in our studies or work, or indeed in any other aspect of our lives. At every step, review what has been achieved and assess the problems ahead before moving to the next step. And remember, Rome was not built in a day.

三、解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

基本框架：问题现状及怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

【段落一】In recent days, we have to face the problem①

____________（说明现在存在的问题）, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ②____________ (举例说明问题的现状)．Second, ③____________ (举例进一步说明现状)

Confronted with this problem, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ④____________ (解决方法一). For another ⑤____________ (解决方法二). Finally, ⑥____________ (解决方法三).

【段落二】Personally, I believe that ⑦____________ (我的解决方法). Consequently, I am confident that a bright future is awaiting us (because⑧____________ (可以添加带来的好处的理由).)

四、说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

基本框架：第一段：说明事物现状；

第二段：事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）；

第三段：你对现状（或前景）的看法

【段落一】Nowadays many people ①____________(接触或者使用或者了解…….需要说明的事物) because it has been playing a significant role in our daily life.

【段落二】Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ②____________ (事物的优点之一). Besides ③____________（事物的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that④

____________ (事物的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse, ⑤____________ (事物的第二个缺点)．

【段落三方案一】Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ⑥____________（我的看法)．(需要表达利大于弊方可用此段落)

【段落三方案二】From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ⑦

____________ (对前景的预测)．（需要表达根据实际情况而定时用此段）

范文：学生热衷于出国留学

Nowadays many Chinese students are interested in studying abroad. They spend much more time, energy and money on the

preparation for studying abroad than on their own majors in college. And some of them even begin to prepare for GRE and TOFEL at the beginning of their college life.

Why are they so over-enthusiastic about studying abroad? One of the reasons may be that they prefer a different style of life, which can open a new world to them and help enrich their experiences. Moreover, he or she will become a multi-cultural person.

However, as everything has two sides, there are also some

problems in attending a foreign university such as language barrier, lack of knowledge of the local culture, etc. Therefore,

misunderstandings often arise; in addition, the cost of living is so high that the students have to find part-time jobs in order to help support themselves.

As for me, I would like to study abroad in the future. But the cost is too high for me to afford, so I will work for several years in China after graduation, Then I think I will be better prepared not only in finance but also in experiences, so that I may catch an opportunity to study abroad.

五、图表作文的框架

基本思路：第一段：描述图表内容；

第二段：分析产生原因；

第三段：表达个人观点

【段落一】As is shown /illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/chart), ①____________(作文题目的议题，应为名词性短语或者名词性从句) has been significantly rising（上升）/decreasing（下降） from②______ to ③______. (需要表达清楚：(….的….)从….上升/下降至….)From the marked rise/decline in the chart, it goes without saying that ④________(图表揭示的含义).

【段落二】There are at least two good reasons accounting for this happening.

Firstly, ⑤ ________(原因一). Secondly, the reason for this

happening is due to the fact that ⑥________(原因二). Maybe there are some other reasons to show ⑦________(作文题目的议题). But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.

【段落三】As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that⑧ _______(表达正确的个人观点). I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

范文：一个表格，通过表格显示出大学生对于未来工作的看法

College students have a clear idea about their future occupation and boys are to some extent different from girls in their choice as is seen from the graph.

The most striking contrast is in the occupation of teaching: 45% of girl students would like to become teachers after graduation whereas only 5% of boys want to do this job. What boys like to do most is to become managers (40%) and the second largest group is to be

businessmen (30%). Girls also like to pursue these two professions, with a percentage of 15% and 25% respectively choosing these two jobs. 15% of boys want to become lawyers while 10% of girls preferring this profession.

Teaching is preferred by females as it provides a more regular and purer life. Women’s patience also fits the job well. Boys consider working as scientists, managers, businessmen and lawyers more demanding and stimulating, so more boys want to show their talents in these fields. One thing worthy of note is that the numbers of girls wanting to do business is not small. This shows that girls also want to do the challenging and exciting jobs.

大学生对于未来职业有很清楚的想法，从上表中可以看出男生和女生在一定程度上有所不同。

最大的区别是在对教师职业的选择：45%的女生愿意在毕业后从事教师职业，而只有5%的男生愿意从事这一职业。男生最喜欢的职业是管理人员(40%)，其次是生意人(30%)。女生也非常喜欢这两种职业，比例分别为管理人员(15%)，生意人(25%)。有15%男生和10%女生毕业后愿意从事律师职业。女生之所以选择教师

职业，是因为这一职业更加稳定和单纯。女性的耐心也非常适合这个职业。男生认为科学家、管理人员、生意人和律师更加高要求和刺激，所以更多男生愿意在这些方面展示他们的才华。值得一提的是女生选择生意人的比例很高。这显示了女生也愿意做有挑战和刺激的工作。

六、看图（往往是单幅或者四幅的漫画）作文

基本步骤：第一段：描述漫画、图表；

第二段：引出暗含主题简短解释--过渡

【段落一】From the cartoon we can see that①_____(简述漫画内容). What it illustrates is a common phenomenon in today's society, and it conveys the symbolic meaning of②_____(表达出暗含的主题).

【段落二】What caused the effect? There are at least two possible reasons. To begin with, ③_____(说明原因一). In the second place, ④_____(说明原因二). There may be some other reasons responsible for it happening, but I think what has been mentioned above is generally acceptable.

【段落三】We should take immediate measures, for if the present situation continues as before, serious outcome will come up. First of all, the government should propagandize to arouse public awareness of⑤_____(表达出政府应该唤醒的意识). In the second place, the government should take effective measures to⑥_____(采取措施的目的). Finally, ⑦_____(人们不该做的事情) should be banned by law. This is my point of view and I am sure my idea is both reasonable and workable.

范文：

As is shown in the pictures，trees play an important part in water and soil conservation. In the left picture， people are fleeing from sand dunes because they cut down all trees. In the right picture， people have planted many trees and the sand has retreated.

People should realize the important relation between human and nature. If we continue to destroy forests， destroy the balance of nature， the real victims will be us humans.

It's never too late to mend. After suffering from sand storms， people have now realized the importance of trees in water and soil

conservation. They are planting more and more trees to fight against the greedy desert.

七、感谢信

Dear ______ ,

I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for your selfless help (或者在for后面写出感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in________ (对方给予的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been ________ (没有对方帮助时的后果).

Everyone agrees that it is you who helped us to achieve our goals. It’s really hard for us to do it by ourselves. What you did is of

great help.

Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.

Yours sincerely,

XXXX

范文：

为表达对访问外国学校期间受到热情款待而写的感谢信 Dear XXXX,

I am writing this letter to thank you for you warm hospitality accorded to me during my recent visit to your beautiful country. I would also like to thank you for our interesting discussion with me which I have found very informative and useful.

During the entire visit, I was overwhelmed by the enthusiasm expressed by your school. I sincerely hope we could have more exchanges like this one when we would be able to continue our interesting discussion on possible ways to expand the ways of communication and bring our students together.

I am looking forward to your early visit to China when I will be able to pay back some of the hospitality I received during my memorable stay in your beautiful country.

Faithfully your，

XXXX 为表达在芝加哥期间受到款待而写的感谢信

Dear XXXX,

I am writing to tell you how very much I enjoyed the days at Chicago.

Everything was just about perfect. You certainly know how to make a guest feel at home. Your delicious meals were a treat, and your flexibility in adapting to my irregular schedules made many things possible.

I hope you know how I appreciate your hospitality, and your many kindnesses to me. I count myself fortunate indeed to have such a generous charming friends!

Thanks again and best wishes to you.

Faithfully your，

XXXX

八、道歉信

Dear ______,

I am truly sorry that ______(道歉的原因).

The reason is that ______(介绍发生问题的原因). Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused by what I did. I really hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.

Yours sincerely,

XXXX

范文：

因未能及时还书而写的道歉信

Dear XXXX,

Excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your “The Lady of the Camellias” which I read through with great interest. I had finished reading the book and was about to return it when my cousin came to see me. Never having seen the book, She was so interested in it that I had to retain it longer. However, I hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will overlook my negligence in not returning it sooner.

Thanking you again for the loan.

Sincerely

yours,

XXXX

因迟复来信致歉

Dear XXXX,

I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated 7, December sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the

neglect was excusable. When your letter arrived, I was just in Hong Kong. As my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up. Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.

I enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip. I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next.

Sincerely yours,

XXXX 补充：

表达道歉常用的句子

1、I am writing to apologize for … /I am writing to say sorry for 我写这封信是因……向你致歉。

2、I would like to give you my apology for…

对于……我向你道歉。

3、Please accept my sincere apology for…

关于……请接受我真诚的道歉。

4、I am indeed very sorry for what I said/did, but believe I had no Intention to…

对于我说的话/做的事，我确实感到很抱歉。但请相信，我并非故意要……

5、Please forgive me for a stupid choice of words.

请原谅我说话欠妥。

6、I feel awfully sorry about it and want you to know what happened. 为此我感到非常内疚，所以想告诉你实情。

7、Please accept my apologies for my oversight.

请原谅我的疏忽。

8、Please allow me to say sorry again.

请允许我再次表示歉意。

9、I sincerely hope you can understand my situation/think in my position and accept my apologies.

我真心希望你能理解我的处境/设身处地地为我考虑，并接受我的道歉。

10、Once again, I'm sorry for any inconvenience caused/you have

sustained.

对于造成的不便我再次表示歉意。

表达感谢常用的句子

1. I thought of all your efforts to help me during the past few months.我想到你在过去的几个月里对我的尽力帮助。

2. I’m writing to show my great gratitude to your help during my stay in England.

我此次写信是想向你在我呆在英国期间对我的帮助表示感谢。

3. Thanks to your help, I have learnt how to cook western food.多亏你的帮助, 我学会了怎样做西餐。

4. Please accept my warmest thanks and look forward to your reply. 请接受我诚挚的谢意,并且盼望你的回复。

5. You are so helpful and warm-hearted,and please accept my sincere thanks again.你热心助人, 请再次接受我真诚的感谢。

6. I’m writing to thank you for returning to me my wallet and mobile phone.

我写信是感谢你归还我的钱包和手机。

7. Thanks to your help /effort, I overcame the difficulty and came first in the competition.

8. To my delight, you were so helpful that you gave me advice and helped me solve the problem.

9. If it were not for your help, I would not have succeeded as a reporter.

篇四：06-10山东高考英语作文_600字

06年作文

书面表达（满分25分）

请用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，简要描述漫画内容，并结合生活实际， 就漫画主题发表感想，题目自拟。参考词汇：公民道德—

civic virtue

07年作文

第二节：写作（满分 30 分）

阅读下面的文字，用英语写一篇 120—150 词的短文。

今年，教育部直属师范大学将招收一批免费师范生，学生毕业后须回生源所在省份的中小学任教十年以上，你愿意成为一名免费师范生吗？请陈述理由。

08年作文

写作（满分30分）

假设你是新华中学的学生张华，班里从外地转来一名同学李明，他一时无法融入新的班集体中，感到很苦恼。请根据下列要点用英语给他写一封信：

*帮他分析原因

*给他提出建议

*陈述你帮助他的具体打算

注意：词数120-150

09年作文

写作（满分30分）

假设你是李华，曾在美国学习半年，现已回国。你想联系你的美国老师Mr. Smith,但没有其联系方式。请根据以下要点给你的美国同学Tom 写一封信：

1． 感谢Tom对你英语学习的帮助；

2． 询问Mr. smith的近况并索要其联系方式；

3． 邀请Tom在春节期间来中国感受中国文化。

注意：1.词数120-150；

2．可适当增加细节。

10年作文

第二节写作（满分30分）

假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周

末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：

1. 表示歉意；

2. 解释原因；

3. 另约时间。

注意：1. 词数120~150；

2. 可适当增加细节。

篇五：2013山东高考英语作文_1000字2013山东高考英语作文

• 假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周 前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备 期末考试未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回邮件： • 1. 未及时回复的原因； • 2. 你假期的打算（如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等）。 • 注意： • 1. 字数：120~150； • 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

Dear Tom, I'm sorry for not replying to your e- mail earlier. Last week,I was so occupied in preparing for the final examination that I even didn't have time to surf the Internet.You know the exam is very important for me. You asked me about my plan for the summer vacation.Well, there are so many things to do. But as is often the case, the first thing that I want to do is to travel. Not only can travel make me ralaxed but also it can widen my horizon and enrich my knowledge by experiencing the country's language,culture and custom. This summer, the place where I would like to travel is Paris, the capital of France. Apart from travel,I also want to be a volunteer .I want to help the children, whose parents went to big cities to make a fortune but left their children living with their grandparents. What about your summer vacation?Looking forward to your reply. Yours,

篇六：2008-2013山东高考英语作文_7700字

2008- 2013 山东高考英语作文

山东高考考试大纲要求：

第二节：写作，满分30分。要求考生根据题目的提示(包括情景、图画、图表、提纲等)和要求，用英语写一篇120~150个单词的短文。

2008 山东卷

假设你是新华中学的学生张华，班里从外地转来一名同学李明，他一时无法融入到新的班集体

中，感到很苦恼。请根据下列要点用英语(Q吧)给他写封信：

1、帮他分析原因；

2、给他提出建议；

3、陈述你帮助他的具体打算。

注意：词数120 ~150

Dear Li Ming,

B

est regards,

Zhang Hua

范文：

Dear Li Ming,

I know you are now having trouble communicating with others, and you may often feel lonely.

That’s because you are new here and people don’t know about you. But I think you can make it if only

you can follow the advice below.

First, you should take an active part in the discussions and show your own opinions about the

matters, and at the same time, learn to listen to other people’s views. Second, you should learn about your classmates' likes and dislikes. Then you can have much in common with them. Only in this way can you

get to know more different people and show them that you are just as friendly.

Last but not least, I’m always here ready to help. we can take part in some activities together and I

can introduce you to others.

With time going on, people will know you better and like to make friends with you. And I am

looking forward to your good news.

Best regards,Zhang Hua

2009山东卷

假设你是李华，曾在美国学习半年，现已回国。你想联系你的美国老师Mr. Smith,但没有其联

系方式。请根据以下要点给你的美国同学Tom 写一封信： Ks5u

1． 感谢Tom对你英语学习的帮助； Ks5u

2． 询问Mr, smith 的近况并索要其联系方式； Ks5u

3． 邀请Tom在春节期间来中国感受中国文化。 Ks5u

注意：1.词数120-150； Ks5u2.可适当增加细节。 Ks5u

附标准卷一份（得分25’）：

Dear Tom,

The experience that I lived and studied in the US with you and Mr. Smith is a valuable memory of mine. Without your warm-hearted help, I would not speak English so skillfully and fluently. The way you taught me in English learning is fairly useful and I keep on doing English practice every day till now.

Furthermore, I hope you could give me a favor. Before I left the USA, I forgot to ask Mr. Smith for By the way, I remember you want to celebrate the Spring Festival in China with me.Yours,

满分卷：

Dear Tom,

Thank you very much for your kind help when I stayed in America. With your help, my English has improved a lot and my teachers and friends are surprised at my fluent English.

How is Mr Smith? I want to know something about his life. I tried to get in touch with him. Do you have his email adress or his telephone number?

The Spring Festival is coming. It is an important traditional festival for Chinese, when all the family members get together. It is like Christmas in the Western countries. Would you like to come to feel the Chinese culture? I am sure you will live happily here and learn a lot of funny things. Besides, I can also show you around some places of interest.

Best wishes! I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

2010山东卷

第二节写作（满分30分）

假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：

1. 表示歉意；

2. 解释原因；

3. 另约时间。

注意：1. 词数120~150；2. 可适当增加细节。

Dear Tom，

How are you going? We made a plan that we would travel in Beijing together next week. While, I should apologize to you because I cannot go there on time for the reasons as follows.

First, I cannot deny that it can help us broaden our horizon and deepen our mind when we travel in Beijing. However, the government encourages us students to go to Shanghai due to the fact that the EXPO is being held in Shanghai now. As the saying goes, strike while the iron is hot. After finish my college entrance examination, I am eager to learn something about study from the EXPO to prepare for my education in college. In addition, I have been busy with the preparation of the college entrance

examination for about half a year and got tired. I need some time to relax instead of traveling.

For the reasons that I mentioned above, I want to show my apology again. And would you please reschedule your time? Shall we travel in Beijing after two weeks? I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

Yours,

Li Hua

2011山东卷

假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tom写一封电子邮件：

1．询问Tom的生活和学习情况；

2．谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙；

3．告诉Tom你打算赛后去看他。

注意：1．词数：120—150； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Tom,

I am very happy to learn that you came to Beijing to study last month. How are you going along with your study and life? And I hope that you can make great progress and have a nice time here.

In addition, I have trouble now. I am to go to Beijing to take part in an English speech contest in for senior students in July. But I have trouble in searching for information and expressing properly. I am really anxious now and I would appreciate it if you do me a favor.

By the way, after the contest, I want to pay a visit to you so that we can share our life and study with each other. Besides, I can also show you around some places of interest.

Best wishes! I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

Dear Tom,

How is it going these days?I keep wondering how you feel about your school life in Beijing. Have you got used to the life in China?Are you enjoying your life? I hope you are.

Let me tell you a piece of good news: I’m going to take part in an English speech contest of middle school students in July in the coming summer vacation. So I’m busy preparing for it. But now I have some difficulty in collecting useful information and using proper English word to express my thoughts. Besides, I really want to improve my spoken English, especially the pronunciation and intonation. Of course, as a native English speaker, you can give me some suggestions.

In addition, I’m going to visit you after the contest. I’m sure we will have a wonderful time together in Beijing! I can hardly wait to see you! Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

2012山东

假设你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上，介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文。

1、参加英语角的益处；

2、坚持写英语日记的作用；

3、英文阅读网站（Enjoy Reading）对你的帮助。

注意：1、词数：120-150；2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

I'm glad to have won the first prize in the English Contest, which partly contributes to my after-class English learning. And I’d like share my experience with you.

To begin with, I often take part in the English Corner and practice speaking English, which can help improve my pronunciation and intonation. At the same time I insist on keeping diaries in English every day. I will try my best to bring what I have learnt to use. In addition, I also visit English reading websites, where there are quantities of English articles of all levels and it is easy to find appropriate ones to read. By reading English articles, not only can I enrich my English vocabulary, but also I can learn more about their culture.

The three main English learning methods after class are helpful to me, especially in this English Contest. And I hope they are also beneficial to you.

2013山东

第二节 写作(满分30分)

假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回封邮件：

1.未及时回信的原因;

2.你假期的打算(如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等)。

注意：1. 词数120-150;2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Tom,

How is everything going? I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of answering your letter in time. You know, I’ve been preparing for the final exams these days, so I forgot to write back. In your letter, you asked me for my plans on summer vacation. Now, I am writing to tell you some specific details.

Overall, three things will make my summer vacation meaningful. To start with, doing a part-time job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman because not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons. In addition, it is a fabulous choice to visit some famous scenic spots such as Mount Tai during the vacation, in order to enjoy appealing scenery and make more friends. What is more, doing voluntary work, I think, will make a great contribution to the society, which is able to enrich my life.

I sincerely apologize again for my mistake. By the way, what’s your plan to spend your summer vacation? I am looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

篇七：山东语文高考题_8900字

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题（山东卷）本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分，共8页。满分150分。考试用时150分钟。考试结束

后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项:

1.答题前,考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、

县区和科类填写答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。

2.第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改

动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，答安不能答在试卷上。

3.第II卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，与案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应

的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂

改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.第II卷第六题为选做题，考生须从所给㈠㈡两题中任选一题作答，不能全选。

第I卷（共36分）

一、（15分，每小题3分）

1.下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是

A.饯别（jiàn） 晦涩（huì） 铁栅栏（zhà） 浑身解数（xiè）

B.扒手（pá） 吱声（zī） 和稀泥（hé） 步履蹒跚（pán）

C.蓄养（xù） 寒噤（jìn） 露马脚（lòu） 扪心自问（mèn）

D.顺遂（suí） 什锦（shǐ） 蒸馏水（liú） 兵不血刃（xuè）

2.下列各句中,没有错别字的一组是

A.依稀 膨涨 戈壁滩 云蒸霞蔚

B.涵盖 阴霾 捉谜藏 烘云托月

C.贻误 甬道 交谊舞 寥若晨星

D.吆喝 绪论 擦边球 名门旺族

3、下列语句中，标点符号使用正确的一项是

A.国庆节移至，一座“天安门模型”摆在广场上。“天安门”前花团锦蔟，增添了浓浓的节日气氛，行人纷纷驻足观看，争相与“天安门”合影留念。

B.人活在世界上，必须处理好三个关系；人与自然的关系；人与人的关系，包括家庭关系；个人想想感情矛盾与平衡的关系。处理得好，生活才能愉快。

C.朱熹49岁那年，上书建议朝延重修了白鹿洞书院，并亲自制订学规，提出：“博学之，审间之，灌思之，明辨之，笃行之”的治学方法。

D.艺术节期间，这个县将举办形式多样的文艺演出活动、科技下乡活动、内容独特的文物、浓情，美术，摄影展览，以及大规模的经贸活动。

4.下列语句中，加点的词语使用最恰当的一项是

A.在浦东国际场边检大厅，有这样一位服务标兵，她无论出瑞哪里，脸上始终挂着一抹微笑，真诚、甜美、亲切，让人难以释怀。

B.这六位老人，年纪最小的也已82岁，都是参加过抗战的老兵。如今，虽已是古稀之年，但他们都还精神矍铄，思路清晰，回忆起当年，感慨万千。

C.虽然面临的困难和不利因素很多，但是，作为这项改革实验的始作俑者，我们有信心也有能力把这项工作进行下去，并且做得越来越好。

D.地震异地安置区首批“农家乐”开业，灾区民房重建基本完成，学生提前搬人新校园……纷至沓来的重建喜讯报告着灾区的重生。

5.下列语句中，没有语病的一项是。

A.中午还是阳光灿烂，但到下午5时左右，老天突然变脸，市区狂风大作，天昏地暗。据气象部门监测，这次特强沙尘暴瞬间风力达11级，地面能见度0米。

B.记老师为到卧龙镇人民政府南侧的中国卧龙大熊猫博物馆前，只见这座被称为“中国唯一大熊猫博物馆”坐落在风景秀丽的山下，周围流水淙淙，绿树成荫。

C.世博园开园以来，无论是风和日丽还是刮风下雨，参观的人流一直络绎不绝。截至5月9日17时30分，累计检票人园已达19.59万人次。

D.昨天上午，一位老人突然晕倒在购物中心，后经迅速赶到的120急救中心医护人员以及商场保安、在场群众的救护下，老人得到及时抢救，最终脱离了危险。

二、（9分，每小题）

阅读下面的文字，完成6~8题。

人生的四种境界

张世英

按照人的自我发展历程、实现人生价值和精神自由的高低程度，人生境界可分为四个层次，即欲求境界、求知境界、道德境界和审美境界。

最低境界为“欲求境界”。人生之初，在这种环境中只知道满足个人生存所必须的最低欲望，故以“欲求”称之。当人有了自我意识以后，生活于越来越高级的境界时，此种最低境界仍潜存于人生之中。现实中，也许没有一个成人的精神境界会低级到唯有“食色”的欲求境界，而丝毫没有一点高级境界。以欲求境界占人生主导地位的人是境界低下而“趣味低级”的人。

第二种境界为“求知境界”。在这一境界，自我作为主体，有了进一步认知作为客体之物的规律和秩序的要求。有了知识，掌握了规律，人的精神自由程度、人生的意义和价值就大大提升了一步。所以，求知境界不仅从心理学和自我发展的时间进程来看在欲求境界之后，而且从哲学和人生价值、自由之实现的角度来看，也显然比欲求境界高一个层次。

第三种境界为“道德境界”。它和求知境界的出现几乎同时发生，也许稍后。就此而言，把道德境界列在求知境界之后，只具有相对的意义。但从实现人生意义与价值的角度和实现精神自由的角度而言，则道德境界之高于求知境界，是不待言的。发展到这一水平的“自我”具有了责任感和义务感，这也意味着他有了自我选择、自我决定的能力，把自己看作是命运的主人，而不是听凭命运摆布的小卒。但个人的道德意识也有一个由浅入深的发展过程；当独立的个体性自我尚未从所属群体的“我们”中呈现出来时，其道德意识从“我们”出发，推及“我们”之外的他人。

人生的最高精神境界是“审美境界”。这是因为此时审美意识超越了求知境界的人事关系，它把对象融入自我之中，而达到情景交融的意境；审美意识也超越了求知境界和道德境界中的实践关系，这样，审美境界既超越了认识的限制，也超越了功用、欲念和外在目的以及“应该”的限制，而成为超然于现实之外的自由境界。

在现实的人生中，这四种境界错综复杂地交织在一起。很难想象一个人只有其中一种境界而不掺杂其他境界，只不过现实的人，往往以某一种境界占主导地位，其他次之。于是我们才能在日常生活中区分出某人是低级境界、低级趣味的人，某人是高级境界、高级趣味的人，某人是以道德境界占主导地位的道德家，某人是以审美境界占主导地位的真正的是人、真正的艺术家……

（节选自2009年12月31日《光明日报》，有删改）

6.关于“人生境界”的理解，符合原文意思的一项是

A.它存在于人的自我发展历程中，体现着实现人生价值和精神自由的高低程度。

B.它由四个层次组成，从幻年到成人，人的每一个时期都要经历这四个层次。

C.现实的人生中。它是一个整体，是由从低到高的四种境界分别主导着人生的不同阶段。

D.每个人的人生境界表现错综复杂，不同层次的人生境界分别主导着人生的不同阶段。

7.对于“求知境界”与“道德境界”关系的表述，不符合原文意思的一项是

A.作者氢“道德境界”列在“求知境界”之后，并不意味着前者就一定比后者出现得晚。

B.达到了“求知境界”，人具备了知识，掌握了规律，为“道德境界”的产生创造了条件。

C.责任感与义务感使“道德境界”不同于“求知境界”，并高于“求知境界”。

D.“求知境界”虽也把“自我”作为主体，但这“自我”却不同于“道德境界”中的“自我”。

8.下列表述，符合原文意思的一项是

A.“欲求境界”是人生的最低境界，这种境界是任何一个具有高级境界的人所极力排斥的。

B.“求知境界”中的“自我”已不再公满足于个人生存所必需的最低欲望，而对规律与秩序有了认知的要求。

C.“道德境界”中的人不再关注自我，而已经有意识的把“我们”作为自我选择，决定时的中心了。

D.“审美境界”是人生最高的精神境界，到了这一境界就能自由地超越并摒弃他三种境界。

三、（12分，每小题3分）

阅读下面的文言文，完成9~12题。

申甫传 汪琬

申甫，云南人，任侠有口辩。为童子时，尝系鼠*①于途。有道人过之，教甫为戏。遂命拾道旁瓦石，四布予地，投鼠其中，鼠数奔突不能出。已而诱狸至，狸欲取鼠，亦讫不能入，狸鼠相拒者良久。道人乃耳语甫曰：“此所谓八阵图也，童子亦欲学之乎？”甫时尚幼，不解其语，即应曰：“不愿也。”道人遂去。

明天启初，甫方为浮屠，往来河南山东间，无所得。入嵩山，复遇故童子时所见道人，乞其术，师事之。道人濒行，投以一卷书，遽别去，不知所之。启视其书，皆古兵法，且言

车战甚具。甫遂留山中，习之逾年，不复为浮屠学矣。

已而瘗②其书嵩山下，出游颍州，客州人刘翁廷传所。刘翁，故颍州大侠也，门下食客数百。

人，皆好言兵，然无一人及甫者。刘翁资遣甫之京师。甫数以其术干诸公卿，常不见听信。愍帝即位，北兵自大安口入，薄京师，九门皆昼闭。于是庶吉士刘公之纶、金公声之知事急，遂言甫于朝。愍帝招致便殿，劳以温旨，甫感泣，叩首殿墀下，呼曰：“臣不才，愿以死自效。”遂立授刘公为协理戎政兵部右侍郎，金公以御史为参军，而甫为京营副总兵，然实无兵予甫，听其召募。越三日，募卒稍集，率皆市中窭③人子不知操兵者，而甫所授术，又长于用车，卒不能办。方择日部署其众，未暇战也。当是时，权贵人俱不习兵，与刘公、金公数相左，又忌甫以白衣超用，谋先委之当敌，日夜下兵符，促甫使战，而会武经略桂败殁于安定门外。满桂者，故大同总兵官，宿将知名者也，以赴援至京师，愍帝方倚重之。既败，京师震恐。甫不得已，痛哭，夜引其众缒城出，未至芦沟桥，众窜亡略尽。甫亲搏战，中飞矢数十，遂见杀。于是权贵人争咎甫，而讥刘公、金公不知人。及北兵引归，竟无理甫死者。距甫死数日，刘公复八路出师，趋遵化，独率麾下营娘娘山，遇伏发，督将士殊死战，逾一昼夜，诸路援兵不至，亦死之。

（选自《尧峰文钞》卷三十四，有删改）

［注］①*（xī）：嬉戏。 ②瘗（yì）：埋藏。 ③窭（jù）：贫穷。

9.对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是

A.道人濒行 濒：临近

B.客州人刘翁廷传所 客：寄居

C.遽薄京师 薄：逼近

D.又长于用车，卒不能办 卒：步兵

10.下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是

A之童子意欲学之乎不如须臾之所学也

B于 遂言甫于朝当其欣于所遇

C以金公以御史为参军 以勇气闻于诸侯

D其听其招募其皆出于此乎

11.以下六名话分别编为四组，全部属于申甫失败原因的一组是

①甫为京营副总兵，然实无兵予甫

②率皆市中窭人予不知操兵者

③甫所授术，又长于用车，卒不能办

④权贵人俱不习兵

⑤日夜下兵符，促甫使战⑥诸路援兵不至

A.①②⑥B.①③⑤

C.②④⑤D.③④⑥

12.下列对原谅有关内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是

A.申甫小时候曾路遇一位道人，道人通过狸鼠的游戏向申甫展示了八阵图的神奇，并打算传授给他。但由于年幼无知，申甫不愿意学习。

B申甫学佛不成而改学道人所传兵书。颖州大侠刘廷传的数百门客虽然喜欢谈论兵法，却都赶不上申甫，申甫因此得到了刘廷传的常识。.

C.申甫到京师后屡遭挫折，后得到刘之纶、金声等人的举荐，被皇帝召见后授予京营副总兵的官职，申甫非常感动，表示誓死为国效力。

D.在满桂兵败、朝廷遭遇危难之时，申甫亲自带兵上阵杀敌，**十箭，为国捐躯，最后却没有得到朝廷公正的待遇。令人叹惋。

第Ⅱ卷（共114分）

四、（24分）

13.把文言文阅读材料中加横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）

（1）入嵩山，复遇故童子时所见道人，乞其术，师事之。（4分）

（2）甫数以其术干诸公卿，常不见听信。（3分）

（3）于是权贵人争咎甫，而讥刘公、金公不知人。（3分）

14.阅读下面这首古诗，回答问题。（8分）

咏怀八十二首（其七十九） 阮籍

林中有奇鸟。自言是凤凰。清朝饮醴泉。日夕栖山冈。高鸣彻九州。延颈望八荒。

适逢商风①起。羽翼自摧藏。一去昆仑西。何时复回翔。但恨②处非位。怆恨使心伤。

[注]①商风：秋风。②怆恨（liàng）：悲伤。

（1）诗中“清朝饮醴泉，日夕栖山冈。高鸣彻九州。延颈望八荒”四句体现了“凤凰”怎样的品性？（3分）

（2）这首诗整体上运用了什么表现手法，表达了怎样的感情？请作简要分析。（5分）

15.补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。（任选3个小题）（6分）

（1）风急天高猿啸袁， 。（杜甫《登高》）

外夫期功强近之亲，内无应门五尺之僮， ， 。（李密《陈情表》）

（2） ，西北望，射天狼。（苏轼《江城子•密州出猎》）

是故无贯无贱，无长无少， ， 。（韩愈《师说》）

（3）仰之弥高， ；瞻之在前，忽焉在后。（《论语•子罕》）

（4）桃之夭夭， 。之子于归，宜其室家。（《诗经•桃夭》）

同是天涯沦落人， ！（白居易《琵琶行》）

五、（12分）

16、下面是一段介绍菊花的材料。请概括其主要内容，以“菊花”开头写一段文字，不超过50字。（4分）

菊花，是经过长期的人工选择培育出来的一种观赏花卉，在我国有三午多年的栽培历史。根据花卉大小和形状的不同，菊花可分为单瓣、重瓣、扁形、球形等；根据花期的迟早，可分为早菊花、秋菊花、晚菊花等；根据花径的大小，可分为大菊、中菊、小菊；根据瓣型不同，又可分为平瓣、管瓣型、匙瓣型三类十多个类型。千姿百态的花朵、姹紫嫣红的色彩使菊花具有了独特的观赏价值。不仅如此，有些菊花还可食用，可冲饮，可入药，有良好的保健功能。在百花凋零的秋冬季节，菊花傲霜怒放，被视为高雅不屈的象征，成为历代文人艺术创作的重要题材。

17.请仿照给出的句子，另写一句话。要求语意连贯，句式一致。（4分）

在孤独中，书是朋友，读书使平淡的生活丰富多彩。

18.下面一则稿约四处画线部分中有两处语言表达不当，请找出来并作修改。（4分）

本刊是全国中文核心期刊，主要刊登文学、历史、哲学等方面的论文。为丰富内容，提

高质量，特向广大作者征稿。要求：观点鲜明，不超过8000字，逻辑清楚，格式正确。来

①

稿一经采用，即奉薄酬。来稿一律不退，三个月未接到用稿通知，请自行处理。敬请广大作

②③者赐稿。

来稿请寄ⅹⅹⅹ市ⅹⅹ路ⅹⅹ号 《ⅹⅹⅹ》编辑部ⅹⅹⅹ敬启 邮编ⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹ

④

《ⅹⅹⅹ》编辑部

ⅹⅹⅹⅹ年ⅹ月ⅹ日

六、（18分）

本题为选做题，考生须从所给（一）（二）两题中任一题作答，不能全选。

（一）阅读下面的文字，完成19～22题。

人和车厂的老板刘四爷快七十岁了；人老，心可不老实。年轻的时候他当过库兵，设过赌场，买卖过人口，放过阎王帐。干这些营生所应有的资格与本领——力气，心路，手段，交际，字号等等——刘四爷都有。在前清的时候，打过群架，抢过良家妇女，跪过铁索。跪上铁索，刘四爷并没皱一皱眉，没说一个饶命。官司教他硬挺了过来，这叫作“字号”。出了狱，他开了个洋车厂子。土混混出身，他晓得怎么对付穷人，什么时候该紧一把儿，哪里该松一步儿，他有善于调动的天才。车夫们没有敢跟他耍骨头（注：调皮捣乱）的。他一瞪眼，和他哈哈一笑，能把人弄得迷迷糊糊的，仿佛一脚登在天堂，一脚登在地狱，只好听他摆弄。到现在，他有六十多辆车，至坏的也是七八成新的，他不存破车。车租，他的比别家的大，可是到三节他比别家多放着两天的份儿。人和厂有地方住，拉他的车的光棍儿，都可以白住——可是得交上车份儿，交不上账而和他苦腻的，他扣下铺盖，把人当个破水壶似的扔出门外。大家若是有个急事急病，只须告诉他一声，他不含忽，水里火里他都热心的帮忙，这叫作“字号”。

刘四爷是虎相。快七十了，腰板不弯，拿起腿还走个十里二十里的。两只大圆眼，大鼻头，方嘴，一对大虎牙，一张口就象个老虎。个子几乎与祥子一边儿高，头剃得很亮，没留

胡子。他自居老虎，可惜没有儿子，只有个三十七八岁的虎女——知道刘四爷的就必也知道虎妞。她也长得虎头虎脑，因此吓住了男人，帮助父亲办事是把好手，可是没人敢娶她作太太。她什么都和男人一样，连骂人也有男人的爽快，有时候更多一些花样。刘四爷打外，虎妞打内，父女把人和车厂治理得铁筒一般。人和厂成了洋车界的权威。

在买上自己的车以前，祥子拉过人和厂的车。他的积蓄就交给刘四爷给存着。把钱凑够了数，他要过来，买上了那辆新车。

“刘四爷，看看我的车！”祥子把新车拉到人和厂去。

老头子看了车一眼，点了点头：“不离！”

“我可还得在这儿住，多咱我拉上包月，才去住宅门！”祥子颇自傲的说。

“行！”刘四爷又点了点头。

不拉刘四爷的车，而能住在人和厂，据别的车夫看，是件少有的事。因此，甚至有人猜

测，祥子必和刘老头子是亲戚；更有人说，刘老头子大概是看上了祥子，而想给虎妞弄个招

门纳婿的“小人”。这种猜想虽然怀着点妒羡，可是万一要真是这么回事呢，将来刘四爷一死，人和厂就一定归了祥子，这个，教他们只敢胡猜，而不敢在祥子面前说什么不受听的。其实呢，刘老头子的优待祥子是另有笔帐儿。祥子是这样的一个人：在新的环境里还能保持着旧的习惯。假若他去当了兵，他决不会穿上那套虎皮，马上就不傻装傻的去欺侮人。在车厂子里，他不闲着，把汗一落下去，他就找点事儿做。他去擦车，打气，晒雨布，抹油．．．．．．用不着谁支使,他自己愿意干,干的高高兴兴,仿佛是一种极好的娱乐.厂子里平常总住着二十来个车夫；收了车，大家不是坐着闲谈，便是蒙头大睡；祥子，只有祥子的手不闲着。初上来，大家以为他是向刘四爷献殷勤，狗事巴结人；过了几天，他们看出来他没有卖好讨俏的意思，他是那么真诚自然，也就无话可说了。刘老头子没有夸奖过他一句，没有格外多看他一眼；老头子心里有数儿。他晓得祥子是把好手，即便不拉他的车，他也还愿意祥子在厂子里。有祥子在这儿，先不提别的，院子和门口永远扫的干干净净。虎妞更喜欢这个傻大个儿，她说什么，祥子老用心听着，不和她争辩；别的车夫，因为受尽苦楚，说话总是横着来；她一点不怕他们，可是也不愿意多搭理他们；她的话，所以，都留给祥子听。当祥子去拉包月的时候，刘家父女都仿佛失去一个朋友。赶到他一回来，来老头子骂人也似乎更痛快而慈善一些。

（节选自老舍《骆驼祥子》第四章，有删改）

19.第一段中画线部分突出的语言特色是什么?请举例分析。（4分）

20.第二段开头对刘四爷的肖像描写，在本文结构和内容上有什么作用？请简要分析。（4分）

21.简要概括祥子这一人物形象的性格特征。（4分）

22.你认为本文的主要人物是哪一个?请结合文本说明理由。（6分）

（二）阅读下面的文字，完成19~22题。

“她只能活七小时”【注】 [美] 保罗•舍恩斯坦

本市新闻编辑台电话机的指示灯闪烁着微弱的白光，时间是下午3点40分。

本市新闻主编接了电话，他听到这些内容：“我的小女儿在路德医院。医生说她只能活7小时，除非得到新药青霉素。这是她唯一的希望。医生已经使用了磺胺以及其他每一种药。我必须找到某个有足够能力的人帮她。你能帮我吗？”

打电话的人通报了他的身份，他叫劳伦斯•马隆，职员，家住杰克逊海茨，第34大道第83号。濒于死亡的小孩是他的女儿，叫帕特丽夏，两岁，现就诊于路德医院，在曼哈顿，第144街和康文特大道交汇处。

找到青霉素并非易事。因为这个被医学界誉为“创造奇迹”的奇药是如此的稀少，以致几乎不能得到它。即使是军方，也只能得到他们所需的一小部分。

然而，这位父亲恳求帮助两分钟后，本市新闻编辑台决定开始投入这项援助工作。这是一场残酷的斗争。“只能活7小时，除非……”

包括打到路德医院，证实了那个小孩几乎不能活了，她患的是一种罕见的血液病，即葡萄球菌引起的败血症，一种血液中毒。磺胺制剂已用过了，输了两次血，都无济于事。有人提出青霉素是唯一的希望。

通过电话向华盛顿的美国公共卫生局局长托马斯•帕伦请示，并详细调查了纽约的药品公司后得知，施贵宝公司生产青霉素。

打给帕伦博士的电话被A.N.理查兹博士听到了，他在华盛顿负责科学发展局的研究工

做。“新泽西州新布伦瑞克的施贵宝实验室能提供青霉素。”理查兹博士说，“我将打电报。等他们立即定量发放。”

于此同时，人们获悉斯特•基弗博士这位波士顿外科医生和战时生产委员会有权命令发放民用珍贵药物。他是由路德医院的外科医师丹特•柯里蒂大夫通过电话取得联系的。

“你将得到青霉素。”基弗大夫向柯里蒂大夫许诺。那是下午4点钟。医生们对在红头文件的作用下找到青霉素的来源并被予以发放的速度感到惊异。

现在，计划正早实施之中，由两个州的警察护送青霉素这个仁慈的东西从新布伦瑞克运到这个奄奄一息的女孩的床头。下午6点30分，柯里蒂大夫在霍兰隧道的入口处碰到了一群焦急的记者。当那辆仁慈之车停在施贵宝实验室前面时，时间是下午7点30分。

3个卫兵等在那里。其中一个走向汽车：“是柯里蒂大夫吗？给你青霉素。”

柯里蒂大夫接过那硬纸匣，由冰裹着的青霉素放在里面。“现在，”他说，“我们有了一个战斗的机会。”

最后一段路程是从霍兰隧道到路德医院，只用了8分钟，这是创纪录的速度，行驶在西区高度公路时，车速器始终指向65英里，这时汽车就要停在医院门口之前，柯里蒂大夫说：“今天，你们做了一件世界上所有的医生都作不了的事。”

“也许是，”一个记者说：“但是从现在起，大夫，靠你了。”

此后，记者们惦着脚尖走进四楼那个失去知觉的孩子的房间。她费力地呼吸着，但在蓬勃的丝一般的棕发下面的小脸上，并没有痛苦的表情。她是个可爱的病孩子。“一个护士低声说。

帕特里夏•马隆的父母哭了。

“谢天谢地“凯瑟琳•马隆低语着，”至少，我的小丫头又有了一次机会。

（选择《普利策新闻奖名篇快读》，有删改）

[注：这篇报道发表于第二次世界大战期间的1943年8月，获1944年普利策新闻奖。

19.这篇报道以顺叙的方式写作，并特别突出了时间，有什么好处？（4分）

20.柯里蒂大夫为什么说“今天，你们做了一件世界上所有的医生都做不了的事”？（4分）

21.新闻语言一般是客观平实的，而这篇报道却有所不同。请对文中画线部分作简要分析。（4分）

22.这篇报道具有很高的社会价值。请结合文本和新闻背景谈谈你的理解。（6分）

七、（60分）

23.阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。

人生的一切变化，一切魅力，一切美都是由光明和阴影构成的。

-----列夫•托尔斯泰

请根据阅读后的感悟和联想，写一篇不少于800字的文章。

要求：①自定立意；②自拟标题；③除诗歌外文体不限；④文体特征鲜明。

11

篇八：2009山东高考语文_15200字

2009年普通高等学校夏季招生考试（山东

卷）

语文

本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共8页，满分150分。考试用时150分钟。

第Ⅰ卷(共36分)

一、(15分，每小题3分)

1．(2009山东，1)下列词语中，字形与加点字的读音全都正确的一组是()

A．眷顾伺候(cì) ．

怯生生(què)不揣冒昧(chuǎi) ．．

B．糅合 愠色(yùn) ．

闹别扭(biè) 闭目塞耳(sè) ．．

C．遴选舛误(chuǎn) ．

煞风景(shā)飞扬拔扈(hù) ．．

D．做梗 咋舌(zé) ．

处方药(chǔ)嘁嘁喳喳(chā) ．．

答案：B

解析：A项，“怯生生”中的“怯”应读为“qiè”；C项，“飞扬拔扈”中的“拔”应改为“跋”；D项，“做梗”中的“做”应改为“作”。

2．(2009山东，2)下列各句中，标点符号使用正确的一句是()

A．郝明义认为“没有越界不成阅读，”提出阅读者应走的四步，即：向前一步 、往旁一步、随便走几步、在网络与书籍之间跨步。

B．从这些关于祖先的事迹中，孩子们在精神上与祖先确立了联系，找到了族群上的归属感，完成了“我是谁？”“我从哪里来？”的原初确认。

C．“陆资入台”可以使两岸在更广泛的领域实现优势互补、互利双赢，特别是在当前国际金融危机的形势下，更需要两岸携手、共渡难关。

D．德国联邦司法部长表示：“连接德国与中国的不仅是经济合作，政治、文化方面我们也在不断靠近。‘德中法制对话’活动有助

于达到这一目的。”

答案：D

解析：A项中“没有越界不成阅读，”中逗号应在引号之外。B项中“我是谁？”“我从哪里来？”两个句子无疑问语气，去掉问号。C项中的两个顿号改逗号。并列成分作谓语用逗号不用顿号。

3．(2009山东，3)依次填入下列各句中横线处的词，最恰当的一组是()

①谈起抗震救灾，温总理________很深。他动情地说：“这次抗震救灾，更加深了我对人民的爱。”

②在破解开发型资源城市转型难题的过程中，该市________原有资源，以钒钛资源开发为重点，努力打造世界级的产业集群。

③作者科尔曼年轻气盛，观点鲜明，但常常论据不足或论证不周，________显得犀利有余，老练不够。

A．感受依托未免

B．感触依附未免

C．感触依托不免

D．感受依附不免

答案：C

解析：感触：跟外界事物接触而引起的思想情绪。感受：接触外界事物得到的影响体会。由后面“他动情地说”可以看出主要是一种“情绪”。所以第①句应选“感触”。依附：附着。依托：依靠。由后文的“原有资源”可以知道，是“依靠”不是附着。所以第②句应选“依托”。未免：实在不能不说，表示不以为然。不免：免不了。“未免”作副词，后面一般跟否定式。“不免”作副词，后面一般跟肯定式。 此处后跟的是肯定式，故第③句选“不免”。故本题答案是C项。

4．(2009山东，4)下列各句中，加点的成语使用最恰当的一句是

()

A．在某些传染病暴发初期，医学专家最感左右为难的是，如何．．．．

判断和预测疫情的规模和发展趋势，以便为公共决策提供更多的科学依据。

B．大型实景舞剧《长恨歌》的演员们充分利用华清池的空间，以优美的舞姿把发生在一千多年前的爱情悲剧演绎得动人心弦，幻若．．．．梦境。

C．再完美的机制也得靠人去操作，一旦机会主义、暴利主义成为心底横行之猛兽，即便要付出天大的代价，破坏制度与规则者也会

前赴后继。 ．．．．

D．广交会为企业提供了内外贸对接的契机，但这种对接不可能一挥而就，绝大多数出口企业由于不熟悉国内市场，即使有意内销也．．．．

无从着手。

答案：B

解析：A项，左右为难：形容不管怎么做都有难处。此处是让医学专家感到为难的问题，而不是怎么做都难，不合语境。B项，动人心弦：形容非常感动人或使人非常激动。此处表现艺术的感染力，合乎语境。C项，前赴后继：前面的人英勇前进，后面的紧跟上去。形容英勇战斗，勇往直前。是褒义词，而此处的主语是“破坏制度与规则者”，故此处应用贬义词，感情色彩不当。D项，一挥而就：一动笔就成了。指写字、写文章、绘画很敏捷地完成。而此处的主语是“对接”，故而使用对象有误，应改为“一蹴而就”。

5．(2009山东，5)下列各句中，没有语病、句意明确的一句是()

A．目前国际金融危机的影响仍在持续，尽管国内外旅游业面临的压力和不确定性都在加大，但中国旅游业繁荣与发展的基本面并未改变。

B．或许连作者都没想到，由于这一篇哀悼家鹤的纪念文章刻在石上，使得文本的命运与石头的命运牵连在一起，为后人留下了诸多难解之谜。

C．房地产市场之所以陷入长达一年的萧条，除了市场周期性调整的因素外，还在于部分开发商追求暴利，哄抬房价，也是泡沫加速破裂的重要原因。

D．海峡两岸关系协会与海峡交流基金会今天下午针对第三次陈江会谈的各项协议文本，举行了最后一次预备性磋商，历时大约一个多小时。

答案：A

解析：B项，滥用介词“由于”，导致后面的“使得文本„„”无主语。故成分残缺。C项，“除了市场周期性调整的因素外，还在于部分开发商追求暴利，哄抬房价”，句子已完整，再加上“也是„„的重要原因”导致句式杂糅。D项中“历时大约一个多小时”，“大约一个小时”和“一个多小时”重复，导致成分赘余。故此题选A项。

二、(9分，每小题3分)

(2009山东，二)阅读下面的文字，完成6～8题。

“断桥”考

唐代诗人张祜《题杭州孤山寺》中有“断桥荒藓合，空院落花深”

的诗句，这被视为今日西湖十景之“断桥”的最早文献记录。

断桥在南宋咸淳年间因隶属宝祐坊而改称宝祐桥。因“断桥”不断，当时也出现了用谐音“段桥”解释为“段家桥”的说法，如周密《武林旧事》卷五“断桥”下就说“又名段家桥”。但因为在“断桥”不断的问题上没能达成共识，所以后来人们围绕“断桥”的名义问题聚讼纷纭。 ．．．．

翻阅典籍，除西湖断桥之外，诗文中说到“不断之‘断桥’”的还有几例。如金赵秉文《暮归》诗云：“行过断桥沙路黑，忽从电影得前村。”明邵经邦《断桥》诗云：“闻道桥名断，从来金勒①过。”清顾于观《南楼四咏》诗云：“门前空有断桥在，十日人无款竹扉。”可见“不断之‘断桥’”在古代是比较常见的，并非杭州西湖所独有。

然而桥既不断，为什么称为“断桥”呢？据考证，这里的“断桥”实即“簖桥”，而“簖桥”则是与捕鱼蟹之“簖”相伴的一种桥，它主要是用来协助捕鱼蟹的。每年秋冬之交，螃蟹会进行生殖洄游，到江海交界的浅滩中繁殖后代，渔人便利用螃蟹的这种生活习性加以捕捉。他们把用芦蒿、竹竿等编连起来的“簖”插在江河之中，挡住螃蟹向下游行进的路，然后螃蟹必沿“簖”爬上来，以求越过下行，而渔人就在“簖”侧的桥上捕捉它们(当然也有划船前往捕蟹或收笼的)。这种捕蟹方法在江南一带尤为常见，陆游《稽山行》有“村村作蟹椴，处处起鱼梁”(“椴”亦可作“簖”)之语。清潘衍桐《两浙NF087轩续录》载海盐才女李壬《由武源至梅里》诗云：“沿塘两岸遍桑麻，画舫朝移日又斜。望见簖桥心便喜，急收帆脚到侬家。”这里的“簖桥”就是指与放臵鱼簖、蟹簖有关的桥，这种说法在部分地区至今还有。但因放臵鱼簖或蟹簖过多对河流及湖面的水流影响较大，古代官府就已有所限制。近代以来，这种捕鱼蟹的方法，随着人工养殖业的兴起而逐渐被淘汰。

杭州西湖为钱塘江的泄湖，在中唐以前，钱塘江与西湖的水域连成一片，湖中水流因孤山分流，携带的泥沙逐渐形成了“白堤”。流经孤山的两股水流在宝石山东南端合流而出，“白堤”也便成为一道天然“鱼梁”。渔人在“白堤”东端设簖来捕鱼蟹，而且依簖设桥，以方便捕捉鱼蟹和到孤山的交通，这样的桥叫做“簖桥”，也在情理之中。张祜的诗句中写作“断桥”，因为那时“簖”字或许还没有产生，或许很少有人使用。五代以后，特别是自吴越王钱镠筑垾海塘以来，钱塘江的鱼蟹经西湖而洄游的现象消失，渔人也就逐渐不再用簖捕捉鱼蟹了。随着杭州都城文化的发展和西湖旅游形象的提升，“断桥”已失去设簖捕捉鱼蟹功能的本义，但“断桥”之名却由于文人作品的称颂和民间口耳相传而得以沿用。

(节选自关长龙《“断桥”考》，有改动)

注：①金勒：金饰的带嚼子的马笼头，这里借指骑马者。

6．下列选项中关于“簖桥”的说明，不正确的一项是()

A．“簖桥”是与渔人用芦蒿、竹竿等编连起来捕鱼蟹的“簖”相伴的一种桥。

B．“簖桥”的主要功能是方便渔人用簖捕捉鱼蟹。

C．“白堤”东端的“簖桥”即今日西湖断桥，原是为方便渔人捕捉鱼蟹而设。

D．“簖桥”在张祜的诗中写作“断桥”的原因是那时“簖”字可能还没有产生，也可能很少有人使用。

答案：C

解析：原文第五段说“渔人在‘白堤’东端设簖来捕鱼蟹，而且依簖设桥，以方便捕捉鱼蟹和到孤山的交通”，主要功能应该有两种，而C项只说出一种，故错。

7．下列不属于用“簖”捕捉鱼蟹的方法逐渐被淘汰的原因的一项是()

A．古代官府对在河流及湖面放置鱼簖或蟹簖有所限制。

B．近代以来，人工养殖业的兴起。

C．五代以后，钱塘江的鱼蟹经西湖而洄游的现象消失了。

D．杭州都城文化的发展和西湖旅游形象的提升。

答案：D

解析：本题答题区域在第四段和第五段。注意第四段“但因放臵鱼簖或蟹簖过多对河流及湖面的水流影响较大，古代官府就已有所限制。近代以来，这种捕鱼蟹的方法，随着人工养殖业的兴起而逐渐被淘汰”和第五段“五代以后，特别是自吴越王钱钅翏筑垾海塘以来，钱塘江的鱼蟹经西湖而洄游的现象消失，渔人也就逐渐不再用簖捕捉鱼蟹了”。A项讲的是簖淘汰的历史原因，B、C两项讲的是簖淘汰的自身原困。

8．下列表述不符合原文意思的一项是()

A．唐代诗人张祜的《题杭州孤山寺》是目前所能见到的记载西湖断桥的最早文献。

B．西湖十景之“断桥”在南宋时又称宝祐桥，还曾因“断”“段”谐音而被称作“段家桥”。

C．第三段列举了赵秉文等人的诗，说明除西湖断桥之外，在古代其他地方也有“不断之‘断桥’”。

D．第四段引用海盐才女李壬的诗，说明近代以前江南一带用鱼簖或蟹簖捕鱼蟹的方法很常见。

答案：D

解析：D项中将簖分成“鱼簖”和“蟹簖”在原文中没有表述，属于无中生有。故不符合原文。

三、(12分，每小题3分)

(2009山东，三)阅读下面的文言文，完成9～12题。

晋文公攻原，裹十日粮，遂与大夫期十日。至原十日而原不下，．

击金而退，罢兵而去。士有从原中出者，曰：“原三日即下矣。”群臣左右谏曰：“夫原之食竭力尽矣，君姑待之。”公曰：“吾与士期十日，不去，是亡吾信也。得原失信，吾不为也。”遂罢兵而去。原人闻曰：“有君如彼其信也，可无归乎？”乃降公。卫人闻曰：“有君如彼其信也，可无从乎？”乃降公。孔子闻而记之，曰：“攻原得卫者，信也。” ．

文公问箕郑曰：“救饿奈何？”对曰：“信。”公曰：“安信？”曰：“信名、信事、信义。信名，则群臣守职，善恶不逾，百事不怠；信事，则不失天时，百姓不逾；信义，则近亲劝勉而远者归之矣。”

吴起出，遇故人而止之食。故人曰：“诺。”令返而御。吴子曰：“待公而食。”故人至暮不来，起不食待之。明日早，令人求故人。．

故人来，方与之食。

魏文侯与虞人①期猎。明日，会天疾风，左右止文侯，不听，曰：．

“不可。以风疾之故而失信，吾不为也。”遂自驱车往，犯风而罢虞．

人。

曾子之妻之市，其子随之而泣。其母曰：“女还，顾反为女杀彘。”妻适市来，曾子欲捕彘杀之。妻止之曰：“特与婴儿戏耳。”曾子曰：“婴儿非与戏也。婴儿非有知也，待父母而学者也，听父母之教。今子欺之，是教子欺也。母欺子，子而不信其母，非以成教也。”遂烹彘也。

楚厉王有警，为鼓以与百姓为戍。饮酒醉，过而击之也，民大警。．．

使人止之，曰：“吾醉而与左右戏，过击之也。”民皆罢。居数月，有警，击鼓而民不赴。乃更令明号而民信之。

李悝警其两和②曰：“谨警！敌人旦暮且至击汝。”如是者再三．

而敌不至。两和懈怠，不信李悝。居数月，秦人来袭之，至，几夺其军。此不信之患也。

卫嗣公使人伪客过关市，关市呵难之，因事关市以金，关市乃舍之。嗣公谓关市曰：“某时有客过而予汝金，因遣之。”关市大恐，以嗣公为明察。

(选自《韩非子·外储说左上》，略有改动)

注：①虞人：古代掌管山泽苑囿的官。②两和：指古代军队左右营垒中的将士。

9．对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是()

A．遂与大夫期十日 期：约定 ．

B．会天疾风会：适逢 ．

C．犯风而罢虞人 犯：冒着 ．

D．过而击之也过：经过 ．

答案：D

解析：“过而击之也”中的“过”应为“犯过错”。如“君子之过也，如日月之食焉：过也，人皆见之；更也，人皆仰之”中的“过”就是“过错”的意思。

10．下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是(

) 答案：D

解析：A项中第一个“者”表原因，可译为“„„的原因”；第二个“者”是“„„的人”。B项第一个“而”是表顺承关系的连词；第二个“而”是表转折关系的连词，“却”的意思。C项第一个“以”是表目的关系的连词，“来”的意思；第二个“以”是表因果关系的连词，“因为”的意思。D项两个“且”都是副词，意思是“将要”。

11．以下六句话分别编为四组，全都直接体现诚信的一组是() ①遂罢兵而去 ②群臣守职，善恶不逾，百事不怠 ③故人来，方与之食 ④遂自驱车往，犯风而罢虞人

⑤曾子欲捕彘杀之 ⑥乃更令明号而民信之

A．①②⑤ B．③④⑤

C．①③⑥ D．②④⑥

答案：B

解析：本文是典型的“一事多人型”的文言文阅读。此种体裁近几年高考出现频率不高。本文共讲了七个人关于“诚信”的故事。四个事例从正面直接体现，三个事例从反面间接体现。第二段是对“诚信”的阐释。故直接体现诚信的事例是第一段“晋文公”，第三段“吴起”，第四段“魏文侯”，第五段“曾子”。所以该题6项直接

表现诚信的有4项①③④⑤，故选B项。

12．下列对原文有关内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是()

A．晋文公用十天时间没有攻下原邑而主动撤兵。由于坚守诚信，文公感动了原邑和卫国的人，反而得到了两地。孔子对此表示赞赏。

B．吴起在“故人至暮不来”时仍坚持不食而等待，魏文侯在“会天疾风”时仍不失信于虞人，体现出了高尚的诚信品格，令人钦佩。

C．楚厉王因醉酒击鼓为戏而失信于民，致使有警而百姓不来；李悝因欺骗将士而失信于军，险致全军覆没。这两个故事从反面强调了诚信的重要。

D．卫嗣公派人假扮客商通过关口的集市，集市的官吏刁难客商并接受了贿赂。卫嗣公知道后要罢免这个官吏，他非常害怕，认为卫嗣公能明察秋毫。

答案：D

解析：D项对“因遣之”的理解错了。遣之的是“客”，不是“关市”，所以“卫嗣公知道后要罢免这个官吏”是错误的。

第Ⅱ卷(共114分)

四、(24分)

13．(2009山东，13)把文言文阅读材料中加横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)有君如彼其信也，可无归乎？(3分)

(2)吴起出，遇故人而止之食。故人曰：“诺。”(3分)

(3)母欺子，子而不信其母，非以成教也。(4分)

参考答案：(1)有了像那样讲信用的国君(或“有国君像那样讲信用”)，能不归顺他吗？

(2)吴起出门，遇见一位老朋友，便留他吃饭。那朋友说：“好的。”

(3)母亲欺骗了孩子，孩子就不相信自己的母亲了，这不是用来教育孩子的办法啊。

解析：(1)注意重点词语的翻译，“其”指代词“这样”，“信”是“讲信义”，“归”是“归附”。另外固定用法“可„„乎”翻译成“能够„„吗”。(2)注意重点词语的翻译，“止”是“使„„留下来”，使动用法；“故人”是“老朋友”。(3)注意重点词语，“而”表顺承关系，译为“就”；“信”是“相信”。固定用法“非以„„也”译成“不是用来„„的方法”。

参考译文：晋文公攻打原国时，携带了十天的粮食，于是和大夫约定在十天内收兵。到达原地十天，却没有攻下原国，文公鸣金后退，收兵离开原国。有个从原国都城中出来的文士说：“原国三天内就可攻下了。”群臣近侍进谏说：“原国城内已经粮食枯竭，力量耗尽了，

君主暂且等一等吧。”文公说：“我和士约期十天，还不离开的话，那就失掉了我的信用。得到原国而失掉信用，我是不做的。”于是收兵离去。原国人听到后说：“有了像那样讲信用的国君，能不归顺他吗？”就向晋文公投降了。卫国人听到后说：“国君有像他那样守信用的，怎么能不跟从他呢？”随后投降了晋文公。孔子听到后记下来说：“攻打原国而得到卫国，靠的是信用。”

晋文公问箕郑说：“怎样救济饥荒？”箕郑回答说：“守信用。”文公说：“怎样守信用呢？”箕郑说：“在名位、政事、道义上都要守信用。名位上守信用，群臣就会尽职尽责，好的坏的不会混杂，各种政事不会懈怠；政事上守信用，就不会错过天时季节，百姓不会三心二意；道义上守信用，亲近的人就会努力工作，疏远的人就会前来归顺了。”

吴起出门，遇见一位老朋友，便留他吃饭。那朋友说：“好的。”吴起说：“我等您来吃饭。”朋友到晚上还没来，吴起不吃饭等候着他。第二天早上，派人去请朋友。朋友来了，吴起才和他一起吃饭。

魏文侯和守山的人约定了打猎时间。第二天，正巧碰上天刮大风，近侍劝阻文侯不要再去，文侯不听，说：“不可以。因风大的缘故而失掉信用，我不能那样处身行事。”于是亲自驾车前去，冒风告诉守山人打猎的事作罢。

曾子的妻子上集市去，小儿子跟在后面哭泣。孩子的母亲说：“你回去，等我回来给你杀个猪吃。”她去集市回来，曾子打算抓猪来杀。妻子阻止说：“不过是和小孩开玩笑罢了。”曾子说：“小孩可不是开玩笑的对象。小孩没什么才智，要靠父母作出样子才会跟着学，完全听从父母的教诲。现在你欺骗了他，也就是教儿子学会骗人。母亲欺骗了孩子，孩子就不相信自己的母亲了，这不是用来教育孩子的办法啊。”于是就把猪杀掉煮了。

楚厉王遇到军情警报，就立起军鼓作为号召，通知民众一起防守。他喝酒喝醉后，错误地敲响了军鼓，民众都非常惊慌。厉王派人安抚大家说：“我是醉酒后和近侍开玩笑，才错误地击了鼓。”于是民众都松懈了下来。过了几个月，又遇到军情警报，厉王击鼓，民众却不去备战。于是他更改命令，明确信号，这样民众才信从了。

李悝警告左右营垒的军队说：“小心地警惕敌人！他们早晚就会来袭击你们。”像这样的警告说了好多次，但敌人却没有来。左右营垒的军队都松懈了下来，不再相信李悝。过了几个月，秦人前来袭击他们，打起来后，几乎消灭李悝全军。这是不讲信用的祸害。

卫嗣公派人扮成经过关卡的人，这个人在过关时受到了主管官吏的非难，该人于是贿赂这个官吏，才得以顺利过关。后来，卫嗣公对那官吏说：“某月某日，有个人给了你金钱，你就放他过关了。”关

卡上的管理官吏特别害怕，认为卫嗣公明察下情。

14．(2009山东，14)阅读下面这首唐诗，回答问题。(8分)

寄 远

杜 牧

南陵水面漫悠悠，风紧云轻欲变秋。

正是客心孤回处，谁家红袖凭江楼？

(1)首句中“悠悠”在诗中有何作用？(3分)

(2)本诗后两句表现了诗人怎样的情感变化？请作简要分析。(5分)

参考答案：(1)一方面描绘水流的悠长和江面的空寂，另一方面以景写情，烘托出客子思归的孤寂之情。

(2)这两句写正值客心孤寂之时，忽见红袖凭楼更增思家之情。诗人看到红袖凭楼的情景时，一下子联想到家人也正盼望自己归来，于是思家之情更加浓重(或“红袖的悠闲与客心的孤寂形成鲜明对照，越发衬托出旅思的凄凉，进一步触发了诗人的思家之情”)。

解析：(1)要从前两句是写舟行所见的水容天色入手，分析出景中所含的孤寂之情，进而分析写景对抒情的烘托作用。

(2)诗人情感的变化可从三、四两句所描绘的图景的变化来分析。此处图景色彩鲜丽，起到反衬作用。再从重要词语“正是”“谁家”这些开合相应、摇曳生姿的语调中分析。

15．(2009山东，15)补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。(任选3个小题)(6分)

(1)子曰：“________________，夕死可矣。”

(《论语·里仁》)

________________，只是当时已惘然。

(李商隐《锦瑟》)

(2)纵一苇之所如，________________。

(苏轼《赤壁赋》)

三杯两盏淡酒，________________！

(李清照《声声慢》)

(3)蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，____________。

(《诗经·蒹葭》)

杨意不逢，抚凌云而自惜；钟期既遇，________________？

(王勃《滕王阁序》)

(4)故不积跬步，________________。

(《荀子·劝学》)

文章千古事，________________。

(杜甫《偶题》)

答案：(1)朝闻道 此情可待成追忆

(2)凌万顷之茫然 怎敌他、晚来风急

(3)在水一方 奏流水以何惭

(4)无以至千里 得失寸心知

解析：注意要求是任选三题，可选最有把握的三题。注意重点字词的写法，如“凌”“茫然”“至”等，不写错别字。

五、(12分)

16．(2009山东，16)概括下面一则消息的主要信息，不超过35字。(4分)

《人民日报》巴厘岛5月3日电 东盟10国与中日韩财长会议在印度尼西亚巴厘岛发表联合公报宣布，亚洲区域外汇储备库将在今年年底前正式成立并运行，以解决区域内的短期资金流动困难，并作为现有国际金融机构的补充。

根据公报提供的数据，在规模为1 200亿美元的亚洲区域外汇储备库中，中日韩3国出资80%，东盟10国出资20%。其中，中国、日本各占32%，韩国占16%。具体金额为：中国384亿美元、日本384亿美元、韩国192亿美元。

答案示例：亚洲区域外汇储备库将在年底前成立，中日韩出资最多(或“中日韩出资比例最大”)。

解析：由于这是概括消息的主要信息，所以要兼顾这两段中的主要信息。由第一段我们可以筛选出事件的主体——亚洲区域外汇储备库，主要事件——储备库将在年底前成立。它的意义不是主要信息。

第二段主要讲这个事件的特征——中日韩出资最多(或“中日韩出资比例最大”)。主体＋事件＋特征，就构成了这则消息的主要信息。

17．(2009山东，17)请仿照下面诗歌前两节的格式，续写第三、四节。(4分)

我是雪

我被太阳翻译成水

我是水

我把种子翻译成植物

参考答案：示例一：我是植物/我被春天翻译成花朵∥我是花朵/我把秋天翻译成果实

示例二：我是雨/我把大地翻译成新绿∥我是新绿/我被春天翻译

成生机

解析：根据题干要求，是续写三、四两节。首先，格式要和一、二节一致。“我”是陈述主体，句式上要用“是”字句、被动句和“把”字句。其次要注意句与句之间的逻辑关系和节与节之间的连续性。“雪”因“太阳”而化成“水”，“水”滋润“种子”成长为“植物”。

18．(2009山东，18)请说明下面漫画的画面内容，并揭示其中的寓意，不超过55字。(4分

)

答案示例：画面内容：一女子正在接水，水龙头开到最大，流出

的几滴水呈“SOS”状。寓意：水在呼救，警示我们要节约用水。

解析：先要审清题干要求，要求有两方面，一是说明画面内容，二是揭示画面的寓意。

再要读清画面的主体是一位女子，这女子在接水，把水龙头开到最大，水滴呈“SOS”状。

最后由水滴呈“SOS”状揭示其寓意。

六、(18分)

本题为选做题，考生须从所给(一)(二)两题中任选一题作答，不能全选。

(一)〔2009山东，(一)〕阅读下面的文字，完成19～22题。

记住回家的路

周国平

每到一个陌生的城市，我的习惯是随便走走，好奇心驱使我去探寻这里热闹的街巷和冷僻的角落。在这途中，难免暂时地迷路，但心中一定要有把握，自信能记起回住处的路线，否则便会感觉不踏实。我想，人生也是如此。你不妨在世界上闯荡 ，去建功立业，去探险猎奇，去觅情求爱，可是，你一定不要忘记了回家的路。这个家，就是你的自我，你自己的心灵世界。

生活在今日的世界，心灵的宁静颇不易得。这个世界既充满着机会，也充满着压力。机会诱惑着人去尝试，压力逼迫着人去奋斗，都使人静不下心来。我不主张年轻人拒绝任何机会，逃避一切压力，以闭关自守的姿态面对世界。年轻的心灵本不该静如止水，波澜不起。

世界是属于年轻人的，趁着年轻到广阔的世界上去闯荡一番，原是人生必要的经历。所须防止的只是：把自己完全交给了机会和压力去支配，在世界上风风火火或浑浑噩噩，迷失了回家的路途。

寻求心灵的宁静，前提是首先要有一个心灵。在理论上，人人都有一个心灵，但事实上却不尽然。有一些人，他们永远被外界的力量左右着，永远生活在喧闹的外部世界里，未尝有真正的内心生活。对于这样的人，心灵的宁静就无从谈起，一个人唯有关注心灵，才会因为心灵被扰乱而不安，才会有寻求心灵宁静的需要。所以，具有过内心生活的禀赋，或者养成这样的习惯，这是最重要的。有此禀赋或习惯的人都知道，其实内心生活与外部生活并非互相排斥，同一个人完全可能在两方面都十分丰富。区别在于，注重内心生活的人善于把外部生活的收获变成心灵的财富，缺乏此种禀赋或习惯的人则往往会迷失在外部生活中，人整个儿是散的。外面的世界布满了纵横交错的路，每一条都通往不同的地点。那只知死死盯着外部生活的人，一心一意走在其中的一条上，其余的路对于他等于不存在。只有不忘外部生活且更关注内心生活的人，才能走在一切可能的方向上，同时始终是走在他自己的路上。一个人有了坚实的自我，他在这个世界上便有了精神的坐标，无论走多远都能够找到回家的路。换一个比方，我们不妨说，一个有着坚实的自我的人便仿佛有了一个精神的密友，他无论走到哪里都带着这个密友，这个密友将忠实地分享他的一切遭遇，倾听他的一切心语。

如果一个人有自己的心灵追求，又在世界上闯荡了一番，有了相当的人生阅历，那么，他就会逐渐认识到自己在这个世界上的位臵。世界无限广阔，诱惑永无止境，然而，属于每一个人的现实可能性终究是有限的。你不妨对一切可能性保持着开放的心态，因为那是人生魅力的源泉，但同时你也要早一些在世界之海上抛下自己的锚，找到最适合自己的领域。一个人不论伟大还是平凡，只要他顺应自己的天性，找到了自己真正喜欢做的有意义的事，并且一心把它做得尽善尽美，他在这个世界上就有了牢不可破的家园。于是，他不但会有足够的勇气去承受外界的压力，而且会以足够的清醒来面对形形色色的机会的诱惑。我们当然没有理由怀疑，这样的一个人必能获得生活的充实和心灵的宁静。

(有删改)

19．作者在文章开头说自己“每到一个陌生的城市”有“随便走走”的习惯，这样写有什么好处？(4分)

参考答案：以个人习惯类比人生，引发感悟，为下文作铺垫。 解析：要从位臵的角度考虑其作用。处在开头，主要的作用一般是阐明中心，引出下文，为后文作铺垫。本文的题目是“记住回家的

路”，家应该指的是自我，自己的心灵世界。路指的是自己心灵世界的路。所以开头写自己“随便走走”的习惯不是揭示中心，而是引出下文的人生，为后文作铺垫。

20．解释下面两句话在文中的含意。(4分)

(1)把自己完全交给了机会和压力去支配，在世界上风风火火或浑浑噩噩，迷失了回家的路途。(2分)

(2)一个人有了坚实的自我，他在这个世界上便有了精神的坐标，无论走多远都能够找到回家的路。(2分)

参考答案：(1)被社会的诱惑和压力左右，在忙忙碌碌或漫无头绪中，忽视了自己的心灵世界，迷失了自我。

(2)一个人拥有了自己的心灵世界，就会明确行动的方向，无论面对怎样的诱惑和压力都能保持清醒。

解析：(1)本题是考查对重要句子的理解。答题区域在第二段。特别注意本段开头的两句：“生活在今日的世界，心灵的宁静颇不易得。这个世界既充满着机会，也充满着压力。”其实两句之间有个因果关系“由于这个世界充满着机会和压力，所以心灵的宁静不易得”。机会是诱惑，机会让人忙忙碌碌，压力会让人漫无目的。作者反对把自己完全交给机会和压力，因为那样会迷失自我。

(2)本题是考查对重要句子的理解。答题区域在第三段。本段主旨是寻求心灵的宁静，因而“一个人有了坚实的自我”其实是一个有宁静心灵的人，而后面的“精神的坐标”指“精神有方向”，“无论走多远”其实是“无论怎样受外界的力量左右”，“找到回家的路”就是“回归自我”。组织一下文字即可得出答案。

21．结合全文，谈谈你对文章标题“记住回家的路”的理解。(4分)

参考答案：记住从社会回到自我的路(或“记住从外部生活回到内心生活的路”)，在社会的纷争与喧嚣中确立自己的人生坐标，获得充实的生活和宁静的心灵。

解析：注意题干的要求。题干要求结合全文，那么全文都是答题区域。分析全文，全文主要讲了“回家的路”是什么，为什么要记住回家的路，如何记住回家的路，记住回家的路的作用。由第一段可知“回家的路”指回到自我的路。由第二段可知，由于生活在今日的世界，心灵的宁静不易得，所以才要记住回家的路。由第三段可知，只有寻求心灵的宁静才能记住回家的路。由第四段可知，只有记住了回家的路才会在社会的诱惑和纷争中获得生活的充实和心灵的宁静。将这四方面的问题整合起来可得出答案。

22．文章最后一段说：“你不妨对一切可能性保持着开放的心态，因为那是人生魅力的源泉，但同时你也要早一些在世界之海上抛下自

己的锚，找到最适合自己的领域。”请结合全文，谈谈这句话对你的启发。(6分)

参考答案：世界无限广阔，诱惑永无止境。面对现实提供的一切可能性，我们不应闭塞与拒绝，要保持开放的心态，出去闯荡一番。与此同时，我们更应保持清醒，坚守自我，早些找到真正属于自己的位置。

解析：本题是考查对一个重要句子的理解及它的启示。分析这个句子，这是一个表转折关系的句群，表意重点在“但”以后。“但”前面是因果关系的复句，表意重点在“果”上，即“你不妨„„保持着开放的心态”。“但”后面是条件关系的复句，表意重点在“果”上，即“找到最适合自己的领域”。而两层意思后一层更重要一些。结合全文把意思表述清楚即可。

(二)〔2009山东，(二)〕阅读下面的访谈，完成19～22题。

①杨澜(以下简称“杨”)：您看您去过这么多地方，台北、高雄、美国、香港，哪一块地方是您最心爱的？

余光中(以下简称“余”)：这很难说。有人说我是乡愁诗人。我写了好多乡愁的诗，可是我觉得我的乡愁呢，不是同乡会式的，不是关乎某省、某县、某村的，因为乡愁可以升华或者普遍化为整个民族的感情寄托。这样说来呢，乡愁就不完全寄托在地理上的某一点，它不仅仅是地理的，也可能是历史的，可以说是历史的乡愁，文化的乡愁，而且在中文里面也可以有所寄托。那一年到东北访问，我在短短的致辞里就讲到，小时候在抗战时就会唱“我的家在东北松花江上”，还有“万里长城万里长”。那时，我没有去过长城，更没有去过松花江，可是整个民族的一个大感情就可以融合在一起。我是说着说着眼泪就掉下来了。我有一篇散文，结尾两句我是这样写的：“你以中国的名字为荣，有一天，中国亦将以你的名字„„”

杨：为荣？

余：没有。 杨：没有这两个字，所以我不是诗人，就要差这两个字才好。 ②杨：我们看您的人生经历，觉得您其实并没有遇到过特别大的困难，家庭很美满，生活呢，教书、写诗、写散文、写评论，也是人们想像的比较安定的生活。但您为什么却说“我写作是因为我失去平衡，心理失去保障，而心安理得的人是幸福的，缪斯不会去照顾他们”？

余：一个人不能光看他表面的职业和家庭。他内心有很多心魔，内心世界可能很复杂，比如他的愿望并没有完全达到，那就不是表面上看得出来的。我在21岁时就离开大陆，那对我是一个很大的打击，因为我的好朋友都忽然不见了。我投入到一个陌生的地方，要重新来

过；而且一个人到了21岁，记忆已经很多了，所以这件事情让我念念不忘，也成为我的一个„„心结，一个中国结。

③杨：今天仍然有很多人喜欢您的诗，但人们的欣赏对象好像发生了一些变化。年轻人喜欢卡通、流行歌曲等那种节奏更快、更有形象感的东西。那么用于看白纸黑字的时间呢，相对就要减少一些了。你觉得未来的诗歌，希望在哪里呢？

余：这个情况不仅仅存在于大陆、台湾、香港。因为媒体变了，价值观也就随之改变了。我向来不认为文艺要大众化，而应该小众化。可如果你连小众都维持不了的话，那就有很大问题了，像三毛也好，或者余秋雨也好，到底还是不能跟一个流行歌星比，对不对？可是，听流行歌的跟读余秋雨散文的还是不一样，所以不能够拿来比较。目前的新诗有相当多的毛病，很多诗人如果得不到知音，也应该反省一下，检讨自己的诗是不是能吸引人，这是多方面的因果现象。

④杨：现在年轻一代接触更多的是一种网络上的语言，要想保持中文原来的那种纯粹和一脉相承，已经是越来越难了。您担不担心中文的纯洁度问题，或者认为这是历史发展的必然，所以也要听之任之？

余：我是相当担心的，也不能听之任之，有学者说，语言就像河流，你不能阻碍它。问题是有河流就有两岸，两岸如果太模糊了，这河流就不晓得流到哪儿去了。所以很多人认为语言就由它去，它有它的生命，其实不然。比如说我们目前的中文，如果过分西化的话，中文的特色就会荡然无存了。

(有删改)

19．这篇访谈涉及四个方面的内容，请简要概括。(4分)

参考答案：(1)对乡愁的理解；(2)诗人的创作动因；(3)诗歌的现状与发展；(4)中文的纯洁度。

解析：本题主要考查学生的概括能力。文章很明确地用序号标为四个部分，说明每一个部分代表一方面的问题，要围绕四个部分的内容概括。另外，在本篇访谈中，杨澜是采访者，余光中是被采访者。被采访者要回答采访者的问题，因而杨澜的采访问题往往是访谈涉及的问题。着重分析杨澜提出的问题，结合余光中的回答概括则可。

20．阅读访谈第一部分，回答下面的问题。(4分)

(1)如何理解余光中所说的乡愁？(2分)

(2)为什么杨澜说“就要差这两个字才好”？(2分)

参考答案：(1)余光中认为乡愁并不完全由地理造成，它是历史的乡愁，文化的乡愁，可以升华为民族的感情寄托。

(2)这样更有悬念，给读者留下想象的空间。

解析：分析题干要求可知，本题答题区域在第一部分。

(1)主要分析第二段余光中的回答。余光中的回答有三个层次：前两句话是第一个层次，引出自己是乡愁诗人。中间两句是第二个层次，说出自己对乡愁的理解。后面是第三个层次，说出乡愁的融合寄托作用。因而该问题主要集中在第二个层次。前一句主要表达：乡愁可以升华或普遍化为整个民族的感情寄托。后一句主要表达：乡愁不仅仅是地理的，它也是历史的乡愁，文化的乡愁。将两个意思整合表达出来即可。

(2)这个问题主要从“差这两个字”在表达上所造成的效果以及“差这两个字”时对读者的作用两个方面回答。

21．怎样理解第二部分画线句子的含意？(4分)

参考答案：(1)文学创作的动力源于作家内心世界的冲突和体验，这正是作家能够创作出优秀作品的根本原因。(2)心安理得、内心过于平静的人，不会产生强烈的创作愿望，也就创作不出优秀的作品。

解析：本题是对重要句子的理解，分析该句子是关键。该句是转折关系的复句，“而”前是一层，“而”后是一层，故该句子有两层意思。前一层讲的是作家内心失衡(也就是作家内心世界冲突)是创作优秀作品的原因。后一层是心安理得，内心平静，缪斯(艺术女神)就不照顾他们，也就是说艺术创作上就不会成功。

22．第四部分中提到“有学者说，语言就像河流，你不能阻碍它”，而余光中认为“有河流就有两岸，两岸如果太模糊了，这河流就不晓得流到哪儿去了”。请联系中文的纯洁度问题，谈谈你的看法。(6分)

参考答案：随着时代和社会的发展，语言也在不断发展和变化，而对语言的发展不能听之任之，需要加以必要的规范。在当今社会背景下，中文既要不断丰富和发展，更要保持其特色和纯洁度。

解析：首先要审读清楚题干要求，要求必须联系中文纯洁度的问题。其次理解好“语言就像河流”这个比喻。河流不能被阻碍，也就是语言不能随社会发展而不发展。河岸是对河流限制的，在此喻指对语言也要加以限制和规范，不能任其发展。对这些比喻和要求加以整合，表述完整合理则可。

七、(60分)

23．(2009山东，23)阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。

见证是一种经历，也是人生、社会记忆的凝聚。在生命历程中，我们见证了人生的悲喜、社会的变迁；在历史长河中，许多人或事物又成为历史的见证。

请以“见证”为题，写一篇不少于800字的文章。

要求：①自选角度。②自定立意。③除诗歌外，文体不限。④文

体特征鲜明。

解析：今年的山东卷作文，是材料作文和命题作文的结合，体现了不在审题立意上过度难为考生的命题宗旨。材料既是一种限制，也是对考生思路的提示。

“见证是一种经历，也是人生、社会记忆的凝聚。在生命历程中，我们见证了人生的悲喜、社会的变迁；在历史长河中，许多人或事物又成为历史的见证。”这段材料提示我们可以从写现实人生和写社会变迁的角度切入，也可以从历史中人或物的角度切入。也就是说，既可关注现实，又可回顾历史。但一定要写清见证了什么，开口要小，越具体越好。比如可以从文学作品人物入手见证国家社会和人们思想意识的变化。可以选取五十年代《梁生宝卖稻种》、七十年代《陈焕生上城》、新时期《喜耕田的故事》，选取这三个时期的农民梁生宝、陈焕生、喜耕田来见证社会发展。这个题目还有一个命题思路是引导学生关注社会热点，关注国计民生。2008年、2009年我们国家发生了许多或悲或喜的大事，这些事不同程度地都成了历史见证。例如抗震救灾见证了我们国家的凝聚力，奥运会的成功举办见证了我们国力的日渐强盛，金融危机见证了我们综合国力的强大和抵御各种风险的能力。我们这一批学子见证了山东由应试教育向素质教育的回归等。总之，从社会热点角度可写的东西应该有很多，但一定要统一在一个主题之下。

从写人生来说，可以找一个具体的物件见证我们的成长。可以参考古诗词当中的明月、杨柳、芍药等见证某朝代由盛及衰的手法，写“明月见证我成长”等。从历史的角度来说，我们接触过的文化名人，英雄人物，大的历史事件都可看做某段历史或某种精神成长的见证，应该也能写出好文章。

篇九：山东高考语文卷_3000字

一．（15分，每小题3分）

1．下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都相同的一组是

3．依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是

①春天的脚步近了，大草原上的冰雪渐渐__________成了朵朵白色的“大蘑菇”煞是壮观。

②人与人之间要减少误会，化解矛盾，和谐相处，那么加强彼此__________是非常重要的。

③每天天还没亮，位于城郊的农贸市场批发市场就__________起来，人们又开始了一天的劳作。

A．溶化 沟通 喧哗

B．溶化 勾通 喧闹

C．融化 勾通 喧哗

D．融化 沟通 喧闹

4．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是

A．在这次演讲比赛中，来自基层单位的选手个个表现出色，他们口若悬河，巧舌如簧，给大家留下了深刻印象。

B．陶渊明早年曾几度出仕，后来因为不满当时黑暗腐败的政治而走上归隐之路，过起了瓜田李下的田园生活。

C．抗洪救灾形势严峻，各级领导都坚守岗位，没有擅离职守，久假不归现象，确保了人民群众生命财产的安全。

D．五四时期，革命青年为救亡图存、振兴中华而奔走呼号，奋不顾身，表现出高尚的爱国情操和不屈的斗争精神。

5．下列各句中，没有语病，句意明确的一句是

A．近视患者都应当接受专业医师的检查，选择合适的眼镜，切忌不要因为怕麻烦、爱漂亮而不戴眼镜。

B．本市国税局绘制出“税源分布示意略图”，解决了税源管理辖区划分不清、争议扯皮等问题的发生。

C．为加强国际交流，提高山东环保产业水平，省政府拟举办“生态山东建设高层论坛”暨第五届环保产业博览会。

D．日本在野党强烈指责财务大臣“口无遮拦”、公开谈及政府去年入市干预日元具体汇率的行为是极不付责任的。

二、（9分，每小题3分）

阅读下面的文字，完成6～8题。

围棋与国家林建超

围棋起源于中国，是黄河文明的产物，其形制弈法等都饱含着文明母体的基因和特征。围棋极可能源自上古时期的结绳而治、河图洛书和周易八卦，因为其形制、内涵与中华文明的源头想符。

围棋的产生围棋的产生和发展，始终与弈者对自然、社会和人生的思考感悟联系在一起。围棋不仅对个人修身养性，而且对民族社会的群体心理产生深刻影响。

围棋是中华五千年文明的象征，民族文化的瑰宝、高度智慧的结晶，这种地位不是任何人封赐的，也不是带有感情色彩的主观结论，而是人们在反复实践和比较中认识到的，是随着社会和文明的进步而不断深化和升华的。

围棋的价值和地位是在与各种掷彩博累活动的比较中确立起来的。最早有文献记载的围棋活动是在春秋时期。从春秋到西汉，社会风气浮躁、趋利，具有运气性和刺激性、介于赌博的博累棋流行甚广，围棋处于受挤压的位置，但始终保持着顽强的生命力。东汉中期

后，社会风气转变，文明程度提高，思想更为自由，人们不满足于掷彩行棋的非公平的竞智斗巧，围棋更加受到人们的喜爱和重视，而曾经盛极一时的博累棋逐步走向衰弱，到唐代时完全消亡了。博累棋消亡的原因从根本上说是他们不符合我们民族的思想特征，不能满足人们精神生活的真正需求，而围棋在与他们的比较中表现出了本质上的优势。

围棋的价值和地位在与传统礼教观念斗争中确立起来的。围棋作为反映和体现人们心灵自由的智力博弈活动，在很长一段时间里，被认为不符合传动伦理观念。后来，人们逐步认识别这些观念都是不对的。从东汉中后期到魏晋时期，人们开始从生命意义上认识围棋的价值，就把围棋作为自觉的艺术追求和精神宣寄的工具，并把它纳入儒士必备的艺技。

围棋的价值和地位是从正反两方面的社会实践对比中确立起来的。人们在围棋活动的实践中逐渐认识到，围棋本身具有娱乐、教育、竞技、交际等功能。弈棋活动的负面作用不能归咎于围棋本身，而是人们自己对“度”的把握不好造成的。随着历史的发展，人们普遍肯定了围棋的功能和价值，确立了围棋在民族文化中的精髓和瑰宝地位。

对围棋，不能神化，也不能矮化。正确认识围棋价值的出发点，应当是“国艺价值观”。所谓“国艺”，就是与国家民族有深厚渊源，上升到国家层面，能够反映民族精神需求的艺术和技能形式。儒家开始只承认“六艺”，即礼、乐、射、御、书、数，其中没有围棋。到魏晋时人们对“艺”有了崭新的认识，突破了儒家历来只重“六艺”的传统，把围棋纳入“艺”的范围，围棋登入“国艺”的殿堂。事实证明，围棋在民族文化中的精髓和瑰宝地位，也只有“国艺”一词才能相配。

（节选自《围棋与国家》，有删改）

6．关于围棋的起源和发展，下列说法正确的一项是

A．围棋发源于上古时期的结绳而治、河图洛书和周易八卦，其形制弈法等都饱含着文明母体的基因和特征。

B．围棋起源于中国，是黄河文明的产物，其产生和发展其中与弈者对自然、社会和人生的思考感悟联系在一起。

C．围棋有一个漫长的发展过程，西汉时受社会环境影响而广泛流行，东汉时已深受人们的喜爱和重视。

D．魏晋时人们对“艺”产生了新的看法，儒家对围棋也有了进一步的认识，围棋登入“国艺”的殿堂。

7．对围棋价值和地位的认识，下列表述不正确的一项是

A．围棋作为民族文化的瑰宝、高度智慧的结晶，对个人修身养性，对民族社会的群体心里产生深刻影响。

B．围棋的价值和地位是在与掷彩博累活动的比较，传统礼教观念的斗争中，在社会实践的对比中确立起来。

C．自人们从生命意义上认识围棋的价值，把它作为自觉的艺术追求后，围棋就成为儒士必备的艺伎。

D．围棋作为“国艺”，是一种与国家民族有深厚渊源、从国家层面上能够反映民族精神需求的艺术和技能形式。

8．下列理解和分析，符合原文内容的一项是

A．围棋的地位不是任何人封赐的，也不是带有感情色彩的主观结论，而是随着人们对其功能和价值认识的深入逐步确定的。

B．围棋因为符合我们民族的思想特征，能够满足人们精神生活的真正需求，在东汉中期就凭借着其本质上的优势而盛极一时。

C．人们自己对“度”的把握不好造成了围棋活动的负面作用，其实这些负面作用也与围棋的娱乐、交际等功能性弱点有直接关系。

D．对围棋进行神化和矮化都是不对的，只要把“过艺价值观”作为认识围棋价值的出发点，就能正确认识围棋的“国艺”地位。

三、（12分，每小题3分）

阅读下面的文言文，完成9-12题。

阴兴字君陵，光烈皇后母弟也，为人有膂力。建武二年，为黄门侍郎，守期门仆射，典将武骑，从征伐，平定郡国。兴每从出入，常操持小盖，障翳风雨，躬履涂泥，率先期门。光武所幸之处，辄先入清宫，甚见亲信。虽好施接宾，然门无侠客。与同郡张宗、上谷鲜于不相好，知其有用，犹称所长而达之；友人张汜、杜禽与兴厚善，以为华而少实，但私之以财，终不为言：是以世称其忠乎。第宅苟完，裁蔽风雨。

九年，迁侍中，赐爵关内侯。帝后召兴，欲封之，置印绶于前，兴固让曰：“臣未有先登陷阵之功，而一家数人并蒙爵士，令天下觖望，诚为盈溢。臣蒙陛下、贵人恩泽至厚，富贵已极，不可复加，至诚不愿。”帝嘉兴之让，不夺其志。贵人问其故，兴曰：“贵人不读书心邪？’亢龙有悔。’夫外戚家苦不知廉退，嫁女欲配侯王，取妇眄睨公主，愚心实不安也。富贵有极，人当知足，夸奢益为观听所讥。”贵人感其言，深自降挹，卒不为宗亲求位。十九年，拜卫尉，亦辅导皇太子。明年夏，帝风眩疾甚，后以兴领侍中，受顾命于云台广室。会疾廖，召见兴，欲以代吴汉为大司马。兴叩头流涕，固让曰：“臣不敢惜身，诚亏损圣德，不可苟冒。”至诚发中，感动左右，帝遂听之。

二十三年，卒，时年三十九。兴素与从兄嵩不相能，然敬其威重。兴疾病，帝亲临，问以政事以群臣能不。兴顿首曰：“臣愚不足以知之。然伏见议郎席广、谒者阴嵩，并经行明深，逾于公卿。”兴没后，帝思其言，遂擢广为光禄勋；嵩为中郎将，监羽林十余年，以谨敕见幸。显宗即位，拜长乐卫尉，迁执金吾。

篇十：2014.山东语文高考_1700字默写

1.总角之宴，______。信誓旦旦，不思其反 。（《诗 经· 氓》） 2. _______，但愿长醉不复醒。（李白《将进酒》） 3.无言独上西楼，月如钩，____？（李煜《相见欢》） 4.策扶老以流憩,时矫首而遐观。_____ ，鸟倦飞而知还。 （陶潜《归去来兮辞》） 5.其为人也，发愤忘食，_____ ，不知老之将至云尔。 （《论语〃述而》） 6.五亩之宅，_____ ，五十者可以衣帛矣。（《孟子· 寡 人之于国也》）

(1)言笑晏晏 (2)钟鼓馔玉不足贵 (3)寂寞梧桐深院锁清秋 (4)云无心以出岫 (5)乐以忘忧 (6)树之以桑

古文翻译

1.吾故市人家，生子而能业，吾业不废足矣，奈何从儒 生游也？（5分） 译：我们本是商人之家，生养儿子能够继承我的手艺， 我的手艺不废弃就行了，(你)怎 么能跟读书人交往 呢? 2.上读表，曰：“孰谓方氏无人哉？是可以活其命矣。” 乃赦之，不问。（5分） 译：皇帝读了奏表，说：“谁说方国珍没有人才呢?这 就可以让他活命了。”于是赦免了方国珍，不再问罪。

诗歌鉴赏

1.“园花经雨百般红”与“乔木峥嵘明月中”两句所 描写的景色特点有何不同？请作简要分析。（4分） 答案：①艳丽 ②清幽 ①“园花经雨百般红”描写的是雨后园林的美景，一 场雨后，园中姹紫嫣红，色彩艳丽。 ②“乔木峥嵘明月中”描写的是月夜下的美景，明月 高照，树木高耸峭拔，意境清幽。

诗歌鉴赏

2.诗中“陈居士”的形象特点是什么？请结合两首诗 加以分析。（4分） 答案： ①行为洒脱 ②情趣高雅 ①“楚酒困人三日醉”“爱把山瓢莫笑侬”，从陈居 士喜欢喝酒可以看出他洒脱的性格特点。 ②“亭角寻诗满袖风”“醒来推户寻诗去”，白天寻 诗，夜晚寻诗，表现了陈居士沉迷于诗歌创作的高 雅情趣。

16.概括下面这段话的主要内容，不超过55字。（4分） 近来，共青团中央发起了一项“青年好声音”网络活 动，鼓励青少年结合自身学习工作实际，写下对24字 社会主义核心价值观的认识和体会。//活动开展一周 多的时间里，33万余名青少年在网站、微博、微信、 手机报等网络平台上，编创和传播内涵丰富、形式时 尚的网络文化产品，仅话题微博总阅读量就超过9000 万次。//这项以弘扬社会主义核心价值观为主旨的活 动，为网络空间注入了强有力的青春正能量。 答案：为弘扬社会主义核心价值观，团中央发起了“青 年好声音”网络活动，广大青少年积极响应， 为网络注入了正能量。

18.用下面的短语组成两副有关春节和端午节的对联。 要求：上下联各为七字，语意连贯，符合节日和对 联特点，不得重复使用短语。（4分） 门上桃符 碧波竞舟

江边柳线 青艾驱瘴 迎春绿 十里欢 耀眼红 千家乐 答案： 春 节：江边柳线迎春绿 门上桃符耀眼红 端午节：青艾驱瘴千家乐 碧波竞舟十里欢

19.这篇游记为什么从杜诗写起？（4分）

答案：①符合浣花草堂主人杜甫的诗人身份。 ②杜诗中那些描写山川风物的诗，引发了作者 更为新鲜的感受，以此统领全文。 ③引出浣花草堂。

20.理解文中划线句子的含意。（4分） （1）虽然是一般化的塑像，却也还清疏，没有怎样的 仙气，不能不说是难得的了。（2分） 答案：①塑像虽然艺术水平一般，但还是清疏的，没 有把杜甫仙化，②能够表现诗人本色，这是值得肯 定的。 （2）默默地在心里复诵了一下杜甫的草堂诗，会使你 像一个梦游者似的走入四时不同、风光各异的如许 境界。（2分） 答案：①作者将自己复诵草堂诗比喻成“梦游”，写 出了作者沉迷于草堂诗意境中的情态，②凸现了杜 诗中描写自然风物诗歌的意境之美，表现作者对杜 诗的新感受。

21.文中作者对杜甫有哪些新的认识？请加以概括。（4 分） 答案：①杜甫有惊人的才华和严肃的创作态度。 ②杜甫具有清疏、朴实的精神气质。 ③杜甫是一个勤恳的诗人。 ④杜甫热爱美好的大自然与安宁和平的生活。 ⑤杜甫描写自然风物的诗歌同样具有巨大成就。 (答出其中任意4点即可)

22.要全面认识一个诗人，作者的做法给了我们哪些启 示？（6分） 答案： ①反复研读诗人的作品。 ②深入了解诗人生活的环境和诗歌所描写的对象。 ③不盲从，有自己独到的见解。 ④不片面理解诗人作品，不凭主观随意取舍。 (答出其中任意3点即可)

山东高考作文10篇作文2000字

篇一：2014高考山东作文_2000字淡定与从容才是最曼妙的费尔巴哈说：人就是他所吃的东西。至少，就精神视野而言，这句话差不多是对的。从一个人的所见可以大致判断他的心灵世界。窗。

高考语文作文10篇作文2000字

篇一：高考语文作文4_3600字金太阳新课标资源网2012届高考语文一轮复习测试作文4（人教版）一、阅读下面的材料，按要求作文与梦想相伴，能使荒漠上升起一片绿色，空白处填充一片色彩，孤。

上海高考语文作文10篇作文500字

篇一：上海高考语文 上海高考作文班_700字【东南数理化】高考作文：盘点上海历年作文题目2014年高考作文材料你可以选择穿越沙漠的道路和方式，所以你是自由的；你必须穿越这片沙漠，。