高三英语第一轮复习策略
高三英语第一轮复习策略
高三第一轮复习教师采用“复习基点压课本，精雕细琢化知识；知识迁移构网络，精选习题显能力”的做法切合新课程教材。新课程的必修课程在新授时，时间紧，知识散，学生对知识的掌握上不扎实、不系统，这一阶段正是学生弥补知识缺陷的好机会。上述复习策略存在着内在的递进关系，逐层推进，节节相连，前者是后者的基础，后者是前者的提升。笔者就此进行解读，供大家借鉴。
一．复习基点压课本
“课本”是高考本源。任何完全脱离课本的知识讲授都是空中楼阁，高三的系统复习更为如此。要为学生打好坚实的知识基础，那就如同“行军粮草”，要让学生做好充分的知识储备，才能打好高考这一硬仗。
切忌有三：一是脱离课本，直接训练；二是一本教辅复习到底，无老师的自我思想；三是“只拉网，不点鱼”，只要求学生复习，而不落实检查措施。
建议课型：用填空型小篇子（或实物投影）梳理知识点
二．精雕细琢化知识
知识点梳理中要有“点精”。有两处必点之精。一是点“模糊精”。对于学生模糊的地方要抓住不放，同时，要细心、耐心地去解答，做到知识的精细化。二是点“高考精”。对于所梳理的某块知识中，哪些是高考的易考点，老师自身要熟知。这一点从发挥同学科备课组的集体力量和自身对于近3—5年各地高考题类的熟悉而来。直至语文的某些高频字词、英语的某些重点单词、历史的某些年号和人物、地理的某些地点和现象、政治的某些表述和观点、理科的某些小填空。对于已确定的考点，必须要求学生烂熟于胸。
切忌有三：一是教师自认为的知识盲区=学生的真正模糊点；二是囫囵吞枣，翻完“拉倒”；三是草木皆兵，处处皆为“考点”。
建议课型：师生研讨，查漏补缺，画龙点睛，去“伪”存“真”。
三．知识迁移构网络
本阶段的复习不能停留在知识的零散回顾或重复上，要给学生系统化的基础知识。构建知识网络是每位教师必做的一件工作，但要注意知识网络的构建不能只停留在某章节知识表象的层面上，要做到知识的横向比较、纵向延伸。发挥知识的发散功能，达到“触一发而动全身”的网络效果。这就要求我们老师必须对所复习的某章节内容在整个教材知识体系中所处的“位置”以及它与相关知识的联系要清楚。这一点老师首先要做到，才能在课堂上游刃有余，才能真正让学生把书“读薄”。这一环节文科性较强的学科尤为重要。
切忌有二：一是网络构建如“坐井观天”；二是完全放手让学生做。我们的大部分学生没有此项能力，需要老师的帮助。
建议课型：发散型、扩展型图表（板书或多媒体），师生共同参与。
四．精选习题显能力
研究高考“能力”考查的趋势，而非纯知识的简单应用。在这个环节中，我们要加强习题的训练。怎么训、拿什么来训我的回答是，一要训练“点”上，即上面提到的两个“精”。二要精选有代表性的题来训，达到会一题而通一类。这一环节更加需要我们老师加强集体备课和自身研究，否则，结果只能是“主将无谋，累死千军”的题海战术。切忌有二：一是老师滔滔不绝，学生昏昏欲睡；二是整节课串讲，而无配套习题。
建议课型：自组习题篇子，讲练结合。
附课例
英语知识的运用
高三复习情态动词一课例
一、导入部分:情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法和态度等，它是英语动词中最难把握的一类，也是每年高考必考内容。考查形式主要体现在听力理解、单项填空和完形填空中。
二、诊断部分：：此部分为课本内情态动词基础用法的尝试性训练.通过同学们对下列基础题型的答题情况，对此块内容学生的掌握情况进行一下初步探视。
1.------"May I go now?"
-------"No, you ________. "
A. mustn't B. needn't C. mightn't D. won't
2. You _________ do the exercise if you don't want to.
A. may not B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
3. You _________ pay more attention to your spelling next time.
A. would B. should C. will D. shall
4. The girl _________ out alone at night.
A. dare not go B. dare not to go C. dares not go D. does not
5. You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
6 John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A)should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
7. The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)
A)can't have been B) shouldn't have been
C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been
8. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A)must have sailed B) can sail
C) might have sailed D) should have sailed
9 Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A)should have been B) must have been
C) must be D) should be
三、难点的突破讲练阶段
1.一些常见情态动词的非常用意义常常为高考考查的焦点，学生须确切理解其含义并根据句子的意思选择正确的情态动词
例1．“The interest _______be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.
A.may B,should C.must D.shall
例2. ----- The room is so dirty ,______we clean it ?
------ of course.
A. will B. shall C. would D. do
分析：上述两题均考查shall 的非常用意义，当shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句中表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示说说人给对方的命令、警告、许诺或威胁等。上述两题答案分别为D B
例3. John, look at the time, ________ you play the piano at such a late hour?
A.must B. can C. may D. need
例4. Tom, you ______ leave your clothes on the floor like this.
A.wouldn’t B. mustn’t C.needn’t D. may not
分析：must用于疑问句表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“硬要、偏要、干嘛”；而mustn’t 则表示禁止、不允许，是说话人强有力的劝告。答案为 AB
2．情态动词表推测功能是个高频考点
例5. Helen________ go on the trip with us ,but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A.shall B. must C. may D. can
例6. -----I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistakes.
------ It _______ Harry’s.He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
分析：must的语气最强，译为“肯定、准是、想必是”；should 语气次之，译为“很可能、应该、指按常理推测；may (mignt)译为 “也许、大概”表示把握不大的推测，后常跟but; could 的语气最弱，译为“也许、可能”。答案为CD
例7.He ________have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. A. should B.must C.wouldn’t D.can’t
分析：根据后一句判断，前一句应表示肯定完成了工作，故用“must have pp”来表示 “想必、准是、一定是，语气非常肯定且只用于肯定句。答案为B
例8.----Do you know where David is ? I couldn’d find him anywhere.
----- He _______have gone far. He’s coat is still here.
A.shouldn’t B. mustn’t C.can’t D. wouldn’t
分析：can’t have done在此表示现在对过去所发生事情的否定推测，译为“不可能”，答案为C
四、情态动词高频考点的网络构建
情态动词表推测功能是高考的重要考查点，同时在这块知识的理解上，同学们也是一个难点，为此现以表格的形式予以体现，以期有所帮助。
情态动词表推测功能表
语气 | 句式 | 现在/将来动作 | 正在进行动作 | 过去动作 |
肯定语气 | 肯定句（一定） | must ﹢do (be) | must﹢be ﹢doing | must﹢have﹢done |
否定句（不可能） | Can’t﹢do(be) | Can’t﹢be﹢doing | Can’t﹢have﹢done | |
不肯定语气 | 肯定句（可能） | Maymingtcould﹢do(be) | Maymingtcould﹢be﹢doing | Maymingtcould﹢have done |
否定句（可能不） | Maymingtcould not﹢do(be) | Maymingtcould not﹢be﹢doing | Maymingtcould not﹢have done | |
疑问句常有can could﹢相应结构 | ||||
五、练兵场
1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A) should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
3) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)
A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been
C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been
4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail
C) might have sailed D) should have sailed
5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be
6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.
A) can't have changed B) wouldn't have changed
C) must have changed D) shouldn't have changed
7) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A) needn't go B) had better not go
C) should not go D) needn't have gone
8) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
A) must receive B) ought to receive
C) must have received D) ought to have received
9) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone
C) could not go D) couldn't have gone
10) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
A) should get up B) must get up
C) need to get up D) should have got up
六、课后建议
掌握情态动词的基本词义及其用法是把握情态动词的关键，同时要认真比较每个情态动词的用法，注意其细微差别。如shall, can, must,should, will,的用法差别；熟悉每个情态动词的应用场合，根据语境及说话人的语气选择适当的情态动词，如用于推测时，must只用于肯定句，can一般不用于肯定句，maymingt不能用于疑问句中；牢记情态动词表推测的用法。尤其是对过去发生事情的推测；积累虚拟语气的用法，尤其是一些句式和特殊情况。
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