汽轮机甩负荷试验措施

BALCO EXPANSION PROJECT 4×300 MW THERMAL POWER PLANT

Procedure of turbine load rejection test

印度BALCO扩建4 x300 MW

燃煤电站工程

汽轮机甩负荷试验措施

Oct. 2009

2009年10月

Compiled by

编写：_______________

Checked by

初审：_______________

Revised by

审核：_______________

Approved by

批准：_______________

目 录

Contents

1.编制目的

Purpose

2.机组概述

Description of turbine system

3.安全防范措施

Safety measures in load rejection testing

4.试验要求

Testing requirements

5.试验方案

Test scheme

6.试验前应具备的条件

Inspection requirement before test

7.甩负荷前的准备工作

Preparations prior to load rejection

8.试验记录与监测

Test recording and monitoring

9.试验步骤及操作注意事项

Test procedure and commissioning precaution

10.附录

Appendices

附录1.机组甩负荷试验记录表

Appendix 1 Log sheet of the unit load rejection test

1.0目的：

Purpose

1.1为指导及规范系统及设备的调试工作，保证系统及设备能够安全正常投入运行，制定本措施。

This procedure is compiled as a guideline to standardize methods and process in testing and adjusting so as to ensure that equipment and system are put into operation in an orderly way.

1.2检查电气、热工保护联锁和信号装置，确认其动作可靠。

Check that protection, interlock and signal devices in electric and C&I systems are complete and work in accordance with requirements.

1.3检查设备的运行情况，检验系统的性能，发现并消除可能存在的缺陷。

Examine equipment operation and system performance, discover and rectify possible defects.

1.4测取汽轮发电机组甩负荷后最高飞升转速变化曲线，计算汽轮机调节系统的动态特性。

Measure runaway speed curve of turbo-generator set after load rejection; calculate dynamic characteristics of turbine governing system.

1.5考核汽机DEH控制系统在甩负荷时的控制性能，即能否控制机组转速不超过危急保安器动作转速，且能够维持空负荷运行。

Based on DEH behavior after load rejection examine its capability of retaining the unit from hitting tripping speed of emergency governor gear and maintaining no-load operation of turbine.

2.0机组概述：

System description

印度BALCO电厂1200MW火电机组扩建工程。汽轮机为东方汽轮机厂生产的N300-16.7/537/537-8型亚临界参数、中间一次再热、两缸两排汽凝汽式汽轮机；锅炉为东方锅炉厂生产的亚临界参数、自然循环、一次再热、平衡通风、固态排渣、全钢架结构∏型汽包炉。发电机为东方电机厂生产的QFSN-300-2-20B型，自并励静止励磁，水、氢、氢冷却同步发电机。汽轮机调节系统采用数字电液调节。给水系统配有一台50% BMCR容量的电动给水泵和两台50% BMCR容量的汽动给水泵。

BALCO Expansion Project -1200 MW Thermal Power Plant consists of four 300MW units.The steam turbine, N300-16.7/537/537-8 of DongFang Turbines Works, is of double-cylinder, double-flow, single intermediate reheat, subcritical pressure condensing type.The boiler is by made of Harbin Boilers Works, is of subcritical pressure, natural circulation, single-reheat, balance draft, dry bottom boiler, steel structure∏furnace, drum-type. The generator, QFSN-300-2-20B of Dongfang Electric Machinery Works, is self-exciting, static exciter, water/hydrogen/hydrogen cooled synchronous generator. The turbine is provided with digital electro-hydraulic control system (DEH). The boiler feed water system is equipped with one 50% capacity for BMCR electric boiler feedwater pump and two 50% capacity for BMCR boiler turbine-feedwater pumps.

3.0安全防范措施：

Safety measures in load rejection testing

鉴于本机组尚在试运期间，试验过程中难免出现一些问题，为了确保机组安全，应做好各种事故预想及防范措施。

Since there would be various problems emerging in the initial operation, contingency planning accident countermeasures shall be carefully made to ensure equipment safety.

3.1对调节汽门、各抽汽逆止门及高排逆止门卡涩异常情形的处理：

Remedial actions for seizure of governor valves, extraction check valves and HP cylinder exhaust check valves:

3.1.1按照事故处理规程手动紧急停机。

Manually emergency-shutdown as per emergency operation regulation.

3.1.2停止抗燃油泵运行。

Stop fire-resistant oil pump running.

3.1.3破坏真空。

Destroy vacuum.

3.1.4锅炉降压，如果中联门卡涩应禁投旁路。

Reduce boiler pressure, do not apply HP and LP by-pass if combined reheat stop and intercept valve is jammed.

3.1.5检查各抽汽逆止门、高排逆止门及高中压主汽门、调节汽门关闭严密。

Check that each extraction check valve, each HP cylinder exhaust check valve, each HP main steam valve, each reheat main valve and each governor valve are closed.

3.2对甩负荷后高、低压缸排汽温度超温情形的处理：

Prevention of excessive exhaust temperature of HP/LP cylinder after load rejection:

3.2.1事先试验好并投入排汽缸汽温高停机保护。

Carry out experiment in advance and then put cylinder exhaust over-temperature protection into service.

3.2.2注意高排温度的变化，必要时尽量关小高旁，开大低旁。

Closely monitoring the change of HP casing exhaust temperature, close HP bypass valve to the greatest extent and open LP bypass valve as needed.

3.2.3尽可能将甩负荷后空负荷运行时间控制在10min以内。

Keep the time of no-load after load rejection less than 10min.

3.2.4只要机组没有大的异常和故障，应尽快再次并网带负荷。

If there are not any serious abnormal or malfunction, synchronize as soon as possible

3.3甩负荷试验前必须确认机、炉、电各主保护投入。（本措施特别提出的除外）

Make sure that protections of turbine, boiler and electric have been put into service (except those specified in this procedure).

3.4试验期间，在机头、主控安排专人监视转速变化，随时听取各方面有关机组的运行情况汇报，当机组发生下列情况之一时，应在机头或主控立即打闸停机。

During testing, station workers at turbine to observe change in rotor speed and

listen for abnormal sound. Hand-trip at local or remote as any one of the following abnormal conditions occurs.

a汽机转速达到危急保安器动作转速而未动作。

Emergency governor gear fails to operate when rotor speed reaches its setting.

bDEH无法控制机组转速。

DEH fails to bring rotor speed under control.

c汽机胀差、轴向位移、振动、汽缸温差超过规定允许值时。

Turbine differential expansion, shaft displacement, vibration and cylinder differential temperature exceed permissible range.

d轴瓦断油或瓦温超过规定值时。

Bearing pad oil failure or excessive bearing temperature.

e主蒸汽温度10分钟下降50℃时。

Main steam temperature drops 50℃ in 10 min.

f机组发生摩擦或强烈振动时。

Rubbing between fixed and rotating parts or severe vibration of machine.

g. 机组保护应动作而未动作时。

Unit protection fails to operate on occurrence of the fault.

3.5甩负荷试验期间，锅炉专业有关注意事项：

Notes on boiler operation during turbine load rejection testing:

3.5.1甩负荷后，锅炉压力急剧升高，这时应适当提高给水泵出口压力，调整给水量，防止锅炉缺水或满水事故的发生。

After load rejection boiler pressure increases rapidly. It is necessary to raise outlet pressure of boiler feed pump and adjust feed water flow to prevent occurrence of boiler water deficiency or overflow.

3.5.2甩负荷后，紧急(依次)停止所有制粉系统，同时调整锅炉通风量和炉膛负压，保证锅炉燃烧正常。

After load rejection, emergency-shut down all mill groups sequentially and adjust boiler draft and furnace suction to maintain combustion stable.

3.5.3甩负荷后，若压力升高至安全门起跳压力而安全门未动作，应立即手动MFT停炉，杜绝锅炉超压事件发生。

After load rejection, in case that the safety valve fails to open when main steam pressure reaches its popping pressure, hand-operate the MFT immediately to shut down boiler to avoid boiler overpressure accident.

3.5.4如果甩负荷后，因炉膛负压变化太大引起锅炉灭火，按事故处理规程紧急

停炉、停机。

In case of fire-off due to large change in furnace pressure after load rejection, emergency-shut down boiler as per accident operation regulation.

3.5.5若甩负荷后，锅炉压力高引起安全门动作，应注意给水量，防止锅炉缺水或满水。

If safety valve operates due to high pressure after load dumped, note boiler feed water flow to avoid water deficiency or overflow.

3.5.6本措施未涉及的内容，可按电厂运行规程执行。

For aspects not mentioned here, refer to power station operation regulations

4.0试验要求:

Testing requirements

4.1机组甩负荷后，最高飞升转速不应使超速保护动作。

After load rejection, no runaway speed of turbo-generator set will initiate the overspeed protection to trip the turbine, i.e., the runaway speed can never reach the tipping speed.

4.2调节系统动态过程应能迅速稳定，并能有效地控制机组空负荷运行。

The control system shall have fast and stable response after large disturbance,

capable of maintaining no-load operation.

5.0试验方案:

Test scheme

5.1由于本机组尚在试运阶段，其甩负荷试验的目的主要是考核调节系统的动态品质。因此，为了确保甩负荷试验安全顺利地进行，特制定如下几点原则及方案：

During commissioning of this unit, load rejection test is primarily to examine the dynamic performance of the control system. To ensure that the testing can be done safely and smoothly, a testing scheme and some principles for turbine load rejection are proposed as follows.

5.2该机甩负荷试验采用常规试验法，即突然断开并网开关，机组与电网解列，甩去全部网上电负荷，考核调节系统的动态特性。

Load rejection test is done by using routine test method, i.e., trip synchronizate C.B. to disconnect the generator from Grid and thus dumping the Grid load the unit has just carried, and then, under control action, the unit shall transit to stable isolated operation with no-load.

5.3甩负荷前后高压、低压旁路置于自动位置。

Before and after load rejection, HP and LP by-pass shall be selected to“Auto” position.

5.4为确保甩负荷后厂用电源可靠，甩负荷前厂用电应切至启备变供电。

For the stabilization of house load after dumping Grid load, the station transformer shall be in service to supply house load before load rejection

5.5甩负荷前将辅汽蒸汽联箱汽源切为老厂锅炉来汽供给。

Before load rejection, change over the supply of auxiliary steam header to old boiler.

5.6甩负荷前确认辅助蒸汽联箱供轴封汽源处于随时备用状态。

Before load rejection, make sure gland steam supply from auxiliary steam header is in readiness for service.

5.7甩负荷前将除氧器汽源切为辅助蒸汽联箱供给。

Before load rejection, change over deaerator steam supply to auxiliary steam header.

5.8甩负荷前汽动给水泵运行，电动给水泵做热备用。

Before load rejection, there shall be one electric boiler feed pump in “Auto cut-in” position and boiler turbine-feedwater pump is running.

5.9甩负荷试验拟按50%及100%额定负荷依次进行。

Load rejection testing shall be done at 50% and 100% rating respectively.

5.10当甩50%额定负荷后，转速动态超调量大于或等于5%时，则应暂时中断试验，分析原因，消除缺陷，再研究决定试验方案。

If the overshot of rotor speed after 50% rated load is dumped reaches 5%, halt testing and investigate. Take corrective measures and repair defects before proceeding with testing.

5.11各甩负荷工况要求如下：

Conditions requirements of load rejection testing:

5.11.1甩50%额定负荷

真空维持额定，负荷150MW，汽机高加与低加全部投入运行，一台汽动给水泵带负荷，电动给水泵备用，锅炉投入两台磨煤机及8只重油枪助燃，轻油枪酌情投入。

Before load rejection at 50% rating, the following conditions shall be achieved.

vacuum maintained at it rating on 150MW

All HP and LP heaters in operation

One boiler turbine-feed pump running and the boiler motor-feedwater pump is standby

Two sets of coal pulverization system in operation and 8 heavy oil guns supporting, with light oil guns in readiness.

5.11.2甩100%额定负荷

主蒸汽参数及真空保持额定，负荷300MW，汽机高加与低加均正常投入，两台汽动给水泵运行，电动给水泵做备用，锅炉投入四台磨煤机及8只重油枪助燃，轻油枪酌情投入。

For load rejection at 100% rating, the foll0wing conditions shall be achieved.

Main steam parameters and vacuum maintained at their rating on 300MW

All HP and LP heaters in operation

Two boiler turbine-feedwater pumps running and the boiler motor-feedwater pump is standby

Four sets of coal pulverization system in operation and 8 heavy oil guns supporting, with light oil guns in readiness.

6.0试验前应具备的条件:

Inspection requirements before testing

6.1汽机专业应具备的条件

Turbine condition

6.1.1汽机各主辅设备无重要缺陷，操作机构灵活，运行正常。

Turbine and all auxiliaries are operating normally without defects, and the movement of their actuators is smooth without jamming.

6.1.2调节系统静态特性符合设计要求，各阀门校验试验合格。

Static characteristics of control system are in accordance with design requirement. Each valve has been calibrated and tested up to standard.

6.1.3各主汽门与调节汽门的总的关闭时间测定完毕且符合设计要求。

Total closing time of all turbine stop valves and governor valves are measured up to design requirement.

6.1.4喷油试验合格，机械超速保护及电超速保护动作可靠。

Emergency governor has passed oil injection test, mechanical overspeed protection and electric overspeed protection are tested operational.

6.1.5远方与就地手动停机试验合格，动作可靠。

Remote and local manual trip is tested effective and reliable.

6.1.6主汽门、调门蒸汽严密性试验合格。

Turbine stop valves and governor valves have passed steam tightness test.

6.1.7汽机所有停机保护、联锁经过确认，动作可靠。

All trip protections and interlocks of turbine have been checked reliable.

6.1.8所有抽汽逆止门、抽汽电动门、高排逆止门联动正常，关闭迅速，无卡涩现象。

All extraction check valves, motor-driven extraction valves and HP cylinder

exhaust check valves are capable of closing through interlock quickly without seizure.

6.1.9经空负荷及带负荷试验，汽机主辅设备运转正常，各主要监视仪表指示正确。

Turbine and its auxiliaries have passed trial operation (no-load and on-load) satisfactorily, monitoring instruments indicating correctly.

6.1.10调节保安系统及润滑油系统油质符合要求。

Oil for control and protection system and for lubrication system is tested up to standard.

6.1.11交、直流润滑油泵启停和联锁正常。

AC and DC lubricating oil pumps can be started up and shut down by various operations, including interlock.

6.1.12高、低加保护经试验动作正常且保护投入。

Protections of HP and LP heaters are tested effective and is put in service.

6.1.13汽机高、低旁路系统动作正常且保护投入。

Turbine HP and LP bypass valves are tested to operate normally, with protections in service.

6.2锅炉专业应具备的条件

Boiler condition

6.2.1锅炉主辅设备无重大缺陷，运行正常。

Turbine and all auxiliaries are operating normally without major defects.

6.2.2主蒸汽系统及再热蒸汽系统安全门整定合格，疏水阀及各减温水阀开关灵活。

Main and reheat steam safety valves are set as per requirements, and all their drain valves and attemperation water valves are capable of closing and opening freely.

6.2.3制粉系统及燃油系统工作正常。

Pulverized coal system and fuel oil system are operating normally.

6.2.4引、送、一次风机工作正常，各风机调节挡板操作灵活可靠。

ID fans, FD fans and primary air fans are operating normally, with each control damper acting freely and accurately.

6.3电气专业应具备的条件

Condition of electrical system

6.3.1将厂用电切至启备变。

Change the house load to Station transformer

6.3.2励磁调节系统工作正常，发变组所有保护装置运行正常。

Excitation system is working normally and all protections of generator-transformer unit are in normal operation.

6.3.3所有电气一次设备运行正常。

All electrical primary devices are in normal operation.

6.3.4柴油发电机作为保安电源能够可靠投入使用。

As emergency power, Diesel-engine generator is in readiness to cut in automatically.

6.3.5系统周波保持在50±0.2HZ左右，系统留有备用容量。

Grid system is operating at frequency within ±0.2 of 50 Hz, with adequate reserve capacity.

6.4热控专业应具备的条件

Condition of C＆I

6.4.1 DEH、ETS、TSI、BPS等装置运行正常无故障。

Automatic devices such as DEH, ETS, TSI and BPS are operating normally without failure.

6.4.2用于监测的主要监视仪表经校验准确，可靠投入。

Monitoring instruments have been calibrated accurate for continuous service.

6.4.3 DCS系统运行正常，测点指示、事故追忆、趋势显示及曲线打印等功能工作正常。

The DCS system is in normal operation, functions such as measuring point indicating, SOE, trend recording and display are checked normal.

6.4.4甩负荷试验的主要数据测点已与测试仪器逐一校对，联接好，处于随时测取状态。

Measuring points and instruments for load rejection testing shall be checked and connected carefully, ready for use.

7.0甩负荷前的准备工作：

Preparations prior to load rejection

7.1汽机方面

Preparations on turbine

7.1.1辅汽联箱汽源由本机冷段及老厂锅炉来汽共同供给。

Auxiliary steam header shall be fed by both cold reheat of the unit and old boiler.

7.1.2除氧器汽源、主机轴封由辅汽联箱汽源作热备用。

Auxiliary steam header shall be used as hot standby steam supply for deaerator and turbine glands.

7.1.3甩100%负荷时两台汽泵运行，电泵处于热备用状态；甩50%负荷时一台汽泵运行，电泵处于热备用状态。

Before 100% load dumping, there shall be two boiler turbine-feedwater pumps are running and the boiler motor-feedwater pump is in hot standby position; before 50% load rejecting, there shall be one boiler turbine-feedwater pump running pump and the boiler motor-feedwater pump is in standby.

7.1.4高、低压加热器正常投入。

HP and LP heaters are in normal operation.

7.1.5两台真空泵、两台循环水泵、两台凝泵运行。

There shall be two vacuum pumps, two circulating water pumps and two condensate pumps running.

7.1.6检查各主、辅保护投入正常，解除协调控制。

Check that protections of main and auxiliary equipment are normal, and get the CCS off-line.

7.1.7甩100%负荷时，注意监视EH油压变化情况。

When dumping 100% load, closely observe change in EH oil pressure.

7.1.8旁路投入快开、快关保护,高旁投入自动、低旁手动控制，高低旁减温水自动控制。

Put in bypass fast opening/closing protection;

Select HP bypass to “Auto” and LP to “Manual”;

Select HP and LP attemperating water to “Auto”.

7.1.9确认负荷讯号至DEH、BPS及DCS回路可靠。

Make sure that load signal circuits to DEH, BPS and DCS are in good condition.

7.1.10试验开始前，解除机跳炉和电跳机保护。

Immediately before dumping load, release turbine-initiated boiler trip and generator-initiated turbine trip.

7.1.11开启疏水扩容器喷水。

Apply spray water to drain flash tanks.

7.1.12抗燃油泵、交、直流润滑油泵、密封油泵应进行启停试验，并确认其在联锁状态，盘车马达电源系统应确认正常。

Start/stop testing shall be done on EH oil pumps, AC and DC lube oil pumps and seal oil pump. Make sure that they are in “Interlock” position. Check that turning gear power is on.

7.1.13进行高中压主汽门、调速汽门的在线活动试验。

Perform online action testing of HP and IP turbine stop valves and governor valves.

7.1.14注意监视凝汽器水位和除氧器水位，甩负荷前除氧器水位控制在较高水位。

Observe condenser level and deaerator level, and keep deaerator on slightly higher level before dumping load.

7.1.15甩负荷前检查汽机胀差、润滑油压、油温、轴位移、汽缸温差、轴承振动、各轴承回油温度、推力瓦金属温度均应在合格范围内。

Check that the following parameters within permissible range.

Turbine differential expansion

Lube oil pressure and temperature

Shaft displacement

Cylinder differential temperature

Shaft vibration

Bearing return oil temperature

Thrust pad metal temperature.

7.2锅炉方面

Preparations on boiler

7.2.1将汽包水位提高至+100mm，维持机组正常运行。

Raise steam drum level to +100mm and maintain unit in normal operation.

7.2.2甩100%负荷时，投入4台磨煤机，8只重油枪助燃，轻油枪酌情投入。

Before 100% load rejection, put Four sets of coal pulverization system in operation and 8 heavy oil guns supporting, with light oil guns in readiness

7.2.3锅炉汽包水位、炉膛负压、温度切为手动控制。

Change over the control of drum level, furnace pressure and temperature to “Manual” mode.

7.2.4将水位保护定值放宽至＋300mm、－300mm。

Increase the setting of drum level protection to －300mm and ＋300mm.

7.3电气方面

Preparations on electrical system

7.3.1厂用电切至启备变供电。

Auxiliary power is supplied by the station transformer.

7.3.2试验前应将柴油发电机试投一次，确认柴油发电机能可靠投入。

Perform test to ensure that Diesel-engine generator can be started up through interlock.

8.0试验记录与监测：

Test recording and monitoring

甩负荷试验的记录项目包括自动录波记录及DAS采样记录两部分。采用录波仪自动记录有关参数。

In load rejection testing there are two types of record items: automatic waveform recording and DAS sampling recording.

8.1自动记录项目

Automatic waveform recording items are:

8.1.1发电机有功功率；

Active power of generator (MW)

8.1.2转速；

Rotor speed

8.1.3试验起始信号；

Initial signals of testing

8.1.4高、中压调节汽门行程；

Travel of HP and IP governor valves

8.1.5高压缸调节级后压力

HP cylinder pressure after governor stage

8.2 DAS采样记录

通过DAS系统记录的项目有：发电机有功功率、转速、主蒸汽压力与温度、再热蒸汽压力与温度、真空、调节级压力、高低压缸排汽温度、主油泵出口油压、润滑油压、汽包水位、汽包压力、主蒸汽流量、主给水流量、高旁开度、低旁开度。

DAS sampling recording items are:

generator active power and rotor speed

Main steam pressure and temperature

Reheat steam pressure and temperature

Condenser vacuum

Governing stage pressure

HP and LP cylinder exhaust temperature

Main oil pump outlet pressure, lube oil pressure

Steam drum level and pressure

Main steam flow, main feed-water flow

HP and LP bypass opening.

8.3其它监视项目，如胀差、轴向位移、振动、轴承钨金温度、回油温度、油氢差压等，若有异常按照运行规程中的有关规定执行。

Other parameters to observe are: differential expansion, axial displacement,

vibration, bearing pad metal temperature, return oil temperature, oil-hydrogen

differential pressure, etc. In case of abnormal conditions, perform operations as per power plant operation regulations.

9.0试验步骤及操作注意事项：

Procedure and precautions of testing

9.1试验前机组的运行方式

Operation mode of the unit immediately before testing

9.1.1试验前主蒸汽参数、真空均保持额定值，发电机功率达到试验要求数值，全面检查机组各主辅设备运行正常。

Before testing main steam parameters and vacuum shall be maintained at rating and generator is operating on the test load (MW), with main and auxiliaries running normally.

9.1.2除机跳炉和电跳机保护不投外，其余所有主辅机的联锁保护全部投入，在甩负荷试验期间应派专人监视保安电源绝对可靠。

Except turbine-initiated boiler trip and generator-initiated turbine trip, all protections of turbine and its auxiliaries shall be in service. Station workers to

monitor at Diesel-engine generator to ensure that emergency power can be put into service when necessary.

9.1.3厂用电切至启动备用变，并检查柴油发电机作为保安电源能可靠投入使用。

Change house load to station transform, check diesel generator can be put into operation by interlock safely.

9.2试验步骤

Testing steps

9.2.1试启、停交直流润滑油泵；

Perform test of startup and shutdown of AC and DC lube oil pumps.

9.2.2将负荷调至150—210MW之间，做主汽门、调节汽门活动试验；

Maintain the unit load between 150WM and 210MW and perform action testing of turbine stop valves and governor valves.

9.2.3将负荷调整至目标负荷；

Bring the unit to the target load.

9.2.4完成第7项甩负荷前的各项准备工作；

Make preparations before load rejection in Section 7.

9.2.5数据采集装置通电，DAS系统准备就绪，各监测人员各就各位；

Power on waveform recorder. Make sure that DAS is normal and that workers are stationed in place.

9.2.6当上述所有试验项目、检查项目、运行方式检查正常后可向各部门工作人

员通知，并汇报试验领导小组已具备甩负荷试验的条件。

After the above inspections and preparations have been made, inform all operators and commissioning workers and report to the supervisor that that all conditions for the unit to dump load have been met.

9.2.7进行50%甩负荷试验。

Perform 50% load rejection test

9.2.8 50%甩负荷试验完成后，再次并网带负荷至额定负荷。条件具备后进行100%甩负荷试验。

On completion of 50% load rejection test, synchronize the unit with Grid again and bring it to rated load. Make inspection and preparations specified in Section 7 and then perform 100% load rejection testing.

9.3甩负荷时进行的检查及操作

Check and operations when dumping load

9.3.1一切工作准备就绪后,由试验指挥开始10秒倒计时。

After everything is ready, the director of testing initiates 10-second count.

9.3.1.1甩50%负荷时, 倒计时开始,锅炉停第一台磨煤机，倒计时至“4”时开启低旁，锅炉停第二台磨煤机，倒计时至“2”时手动开启PCV阀，倒计时至“0”时由电气人员断开发电机主开关。

Testing of 50% load rejection:

Shut down the first mill at time-count‘10’(down-counting begins)

Open LP bypass valves and shutdown the second mill at time-count‘4’,

Manually open PCV at time-count ‘2’,

Trip generator CB at time-count ‘0’.

9.3.1.2甩100%负荷时, 倒计时开始，锅炉停第一台磨煤机，倒计时至“6”时锅炉停第二台磨煤机，倒计时至“4”时开启低旁直至全开，锅炉停第三台磨煤机，倒计时至“0”时手动开启PCV阀，锅炉停第四台磨煤机，倒计时至“0”时由电气人员断开发电机主开关。

Testing of 100% load rejection:

Shut down the first mill at time-count ‘10’,

Shut down the second mill at time-count‘6’,

Open LP bypass valves wide and stop the third mill at time-count‘4’,

Manually open PCV and shut down the fourth mill at time-count ‘0’,

Trip generator CB at time-count ‘0’.

9.3.1.3倒计时至“2”时,关闭所有减温水阀门.

Shut down the superheater and reheater system attemperating water valves at time-count ‘2’.

9.3.2甩负荷时汽机方面应进行的检查及操作。

Turbine-side check and operations after load dumped

9.3.2.1密切监视机组转速飞升情况，若转速飞升至3300rpm而保护未动作时，应立即打闸停机。

Closely monitor runaway of rotor speed. Manually trip turbine at once if overspeed protection fails to operate when the speed reaches 3,300 rpm.

9.3.2.2检查各调门、高排逆止门及抽汽逆止门应迅速关闭, BDV阀、VV阀应迅速打开，若出现卡涩现象应立即打闸停机。

Make sure that all governor valves, HP cylinder exhaust check valves, extraction check valves are quickly closed fully, and that BDV and VV are open. Manually trip turbine immediately in case of valve seizure.

9.3.2.3检查调节系统的动作情况，若调节系统出现严重摆动而无法维持运行时，应立即打闸停机。

Check operation of control system. Manually trip turbine immediately if the system swings sharply and the unit could not maintain in isolated operation.

9.3.2.4检查高压旁路应自动开启,若自动失灵，应立即手动开启。

Make sure that HP bypass valve has been opened automatically. If not, manually open it without delay.

9.3.2.5检查轴封汽源应切为辅汽供给。

Check that gland steam is derived from auxiliary steam header.

9.3.2.6及时调整轴封压力、除氧器压力和水位、辅汽联箱压力及凝汽器水位。

Adjust gland pressure, deaerator pressure and level, auxiliary steam header pressure condenser level in time.

9.3.2.7检查汽缸本体及抽汽管道等疏水应自动开启，否则立即手动开启。

Check that drain valves of cylinder and extraction piping are opened automatically. If not, manually open them at once.

9.3.2.8监视汽轮发电机组各主要运行参数，如主汽压力与温度、轴承振动、轴向位移、胀差、真空、瓦温及回油温度等的变化情况。若发现异常，及时处理。

Closely observe operational parameters of turbo-generator unit: main steam pressure and temperature, vibration, shaft displacement, turbine differential expansion, vacuum, pad temperature and return oil temperature, etc. Corrective actions shall be taken on occurrence of any abnormality

9.3.2.9机组维持空负荷运行，全面检查一切正常后，通知电气尽快并网带负荷。

While the unit in isolated operation with no-load, make overall inspection and then inform electrical operator to synchronize and bring the unit on load as quickly as possible.

9.3.2.10甩负荷时，若意外发生厂用电中断，应立即打闸停机，关闭高低压旁路，开启真空破坏门，真空至零时停止轴封供汽，并尽快恢复厂用电。

During load rejection, if auxiliary power supply is interrupted due to any accident, manually trip turbine immediately, shut off HP and LP bypass, open vacuum break valve, stop gland steam supply when vacuum reduce to zero, and restore auxiliary power supply as quickly as possible.

9.3.2.11甩负荷时，若由于电超速保护或危急遮断器动作而停机,应立即启动交流润滑油泵，若其它情况正常，在转速低于2950rpm时重新挂闸恢复3000rpm运行。

After load dumped, if turbine is tripped by electric overspeed protection or emergency governor, start AC lube oil pump at once and, if other conditions remain normal, latch again when speed reduces to 2950rpm and raise speed to 3000rpm.

9.3.3甩负荷时锅炉方面应进行的检查及操作

Boiler-side check and operations after load dumped

9.3.3.1部分油枪保持运行，维持炉膛燃烧稳定。

Keep some oil guns burning and maintain stable combustion in furnace.

9.3.3.2严密监视主汽及再热汽压力的变化情况，若压力超限而安全门未动作时应立即手动停炉。

Closely monitor change in main steam pressure and reheat steam pressure. Manually shut down boiler if the pressure exceeds limit but safety valves fail to open.

9.3.3.3严密监视主汽温度及再热汽温度的变化情况,及时调整减温水流量。

Closely monitor change in main steam temperature and reheat steam temperature and adjust attemperating water flow.

9.3.3.4严密监视汽包水位的变化趋势，适当调整给水量维持水位正常，防止锅炉汽包缺水满水。

Closely observe changing of level of boiler drum, adjust feed-water flow to maintain level normal, prevent water deficiency or overflow of boiler drum.

9.3.4甩负荷时电气方面应进行的检查及操作

Check and operations on electrical system after load dumped

9.3.4.1严密监视发电机出口电压、励磁电压和电流的变化趋势，甩负荷后, 发电机励磁系统应该自动减励磁电流。若励磁系统自动动作异常, 则手动跳掉灭磁开关.

Closely monitor change in generator terminal voltage, exciter voltage and current, generator excitation system should reduce excitation current automatically after load rejection; if it fails, manually trip field circuit breaker at

once.

9.3.4.2监视发电机定子铁芯及线圈温度、发电机氢压及氢温的变化，发现异常及时处理。

Closely monitor change in stator core temperature and in stator winding of generator, change in hydrogen pressure and temperature. Corrective measures

shall be taken if anything abnormal occurs.

10附录：

Appendices

附录1 机组甩负荷试验记录表

Appendix 1 Record sheet of turbine load rejection test

试验记录——照明全负荷通电试运行记录

汽轮机培训资料

汽轮机岗位职责

甩浆整改措施

汽轮机实习报告