汽轮机整套启动调试方案

BALCO EXPANSION PROJECT 4×300 MW THERMAL POWER PLANT

Commissioning procedure of turbine

印度BALCO扩建4 x300 MW

燃煤电站工程

汽轮机整套启动调试方案

Spe. 2009

2009年9月

Compiled by

编写：_______________

Checked by

初审：_______________

Revised by

审核：_______________

Approved by

批准：_______________

目 录

Content

1.编制目的Purpose

2.系统及主要设备技术规范

System description and equipment specifications

3.调试范围

Scope of commissioning

4.调试前应具备的条件

Inspection requirements before commissioning

5.启动前应完成的分部试运和试验项目

Trial running and testing before initial startup of turbine

6.整套启动试运程序

Integral unit commissioning procedure

7.汽轮机首次冷态启动

Initial cold startup of turbine

8.带负荷试运

On-load trial run of turbine

9.汽机温态、热态、极热态启动

Warm/hot/extremely hot startup of turbine

10.主要系统的运行方式

Operation mode of auxiliary systems

11.机组滑参数停机

Sliding parameters shutdown of unit

12.安全注意事项

Safety precautions

13.附录

Appendices

附录1.汽机整套(空负荷、带负荷、满负荷)试运参数记录表

Appendix1 Turbine integral trial operation parameters (no-load, loading and full-load)

附录2.汽机启动曲线（冷态、温态、热态、极热态）

Appendix 2 Turbine cold start-up curve

Appendix 3 Turbine warm start-up curve

Appendix 4 Turbine hot start-up curve

Appendix 5 Turbine extremely-hot start-up curve

1.目的

Purpose

1.1 为了指导及规范系统及设备的调试工作，保证系统及设备能够安全正常投入运行，制定本措施。

This procedure is compiled as a guideline to standardize the practices in testing and adjusting as to ensure equipment and system is put into operation safely and satisfactorily.

1.2 检查电气、热工保护联锁和信号装置，确认其动作可靠。

Check that electric and C&I protection, interlock and signal devices are in accordance with requirements and function reliably.

1.3 检查设备的运行情况，检验系统的性能，发现并消除可能存在的缺陷

Examine operation of equipment and system and evaluate their performance, detect and rectify possible defects.

2.系统及主要设备技术规范

System description and equipment specifications

2.1 系统简介

印度BALCO电厂4x300MW扩建机组，其中汽轮机为东方汽轮机厂生产的亚临界参数、中间一次再热、两缸两排汽凝汽式N300-16.7/537/537-8型汽轮机；锅炉为哈尔滨锅炉厂生产；发电机为东方电机厂生产。数字电液控制系统采用东方汽轮机厂引进Foxboro公司技术改进的DEH控制系统，包括汽机转速控制、负荷控制、阀门管理等功能；汽轮机监视系统（TSI）为东方汽轮机厂产品，包括轴承振动、转速、差胀、轴向位移、零转速等重要参数的信号测量、转换和监视等功能；汽机事故跳闸系统(ETS) 也是东方汽轮机厂产品，包括以下保护功能：润滑油压低停机、凝汽器真空低停机、轴向位移大停机、超速停机、发电机保护动作联动停机、MFT停机和远方手动停机等。

BALCO Expansion Project 4x300MW Thermal Power Plant are provided with turbines, N300-16.7/537/537-8, of subcritical double cylinder/double flow, single shaft/single intermediate reheat, condensing type. The manufacturer of the turbines is Dongfang Turbines, Ltd, China. The manufacturer of the boiler is Harbin Boilers, Ltd and The manufacturer of generator is Dongfang Electric Machinery, Ltd. The turbine is equipped with a Digital Electro-Hydraulic control system, which is brought in from Foxboro company and ameliorated by Dongfang Turbines. The DEH serves functions such as turbine governing, load control and valve management. The TSI supplied by Dongfang Turbines performs the measuring, transducing and tracking the main parameters, including bearing vibration,

rotor speed, differential expansion, axial displacement and zero speed. The ETS, also

by Dongfang Turbines, performs turbine trip on occurrence of the faults as follows:

Lubricating oil pressure low

Condenser vacuum low

Excessive axial displacement

Overspeed

Intertrip of turbine initiated by generator protection

Intertrip of turbine initiated by boiler MFT

Local hand trip of turbine

主蒸汽和主给水系统为单元制热力系统，主给水系统配置一台50％B-MCR容量的电动给水泵和两台50％B-MCR容量的汽动给水泵；抽汽回热系统配置三台高压加热器、一台除氧器和四台低压加热器。

The main steam and feed water systems are of unit connection. The main feed water system has one 50％ BMCR motor-driven boiler feedwater pumps and two50％ BMCR turbine-driven boiler feedwater pumps. The regenerative extraction steam system consists of three HP heaters, one deaerator and four LP heaters.

2.2汽轮机主要技术规范：

Specifications of turbine:

2.2.1主要技术数据：

Main technical dates:

型号： N300-16.7/537/537-8

Model: N300-16.7/537/537-8

型式： 亚临界参数、中间再热、两缸两排汽凝汽式

Type: Subcritical parameter, single intermediate reheat, double cylinder, double flow, condensing

制造厂： 东方汽轮机厂

Manufacturer: Dongfang Turbines Ltd

转速： 3000r/min

Speed: 3000r/min

旋转方向： （从汽机向发电机方向看）顺时针

Rotation direction: Clockwise (viewed from T to G)

额定出力（ECR）： 300MW

最大功率（VWO）： 333MW

主汽压力： 16.7MPa（高压主汽阀前）

Main steam pressure: 16.7MPa (before HP main steam valve)

主蒸汽温度： 537℃

Main steam temperature: 537℃

再热蒸汽压力： 3.181MPa（中压联合汽阀前）

Reheat steam pressure: 3.181MPa( before IP combined steam valve)

再热蒸汽温度： 537℃

Reheat steam temperature: 537℃

背压： 5.80KPa(设计冷却水温22度)

Back pressure: 5.80KPa(design cooling water temperature 22℃)

额定/最大蒸汽流量： 899.6/1025 t/h

Rated/max steam flow: 899.6/1025 t/h

配汽方式： 全电调阀门管理）

Steam distribution mode: Electrical governing (valve control)

电液控制系统型式： 高压电液控制（抗燃油）

Type of EHC: HP EHC(fire-resistant oil)

级数： 调节级＋8个HP压力级＋6IP压力级＋2×6LP压力级

Stages: governing stage+8 HP +6 IP+2×6LP pressure stages

回热抽汽级数： 八级（四台低加、一台除氧器、三台高加）

Number of regenerative extraction stages: 8 (4 LP heaters, 1 deaerator, 3 HP heaters)

汽机末级叶片高度： 851 mm

Height of turbine last stage blade: 851 mm

盘车装置： 电机容量：22KW， 转速730r/min; 盘车转速： 4.29r/min

Turning gear: Motor capacity: 22KW, Speed: 730r/min, Barring speed: 4.29r/min

发电机额定氢压 ： 0.3 Mpa

Rated hydrogen pressure of generator: 0.3 Mpa

计算轴系临界转速：

Calculated combined critical speed:

2.2.2主要工况参数：

Main conditions:

3.调试范围：

Scope of commissioning

汽轮机整套启动调试从各分系统调试结束后的动态交接验收开始，包括主机联锁保护试验、调节保安系统试验、各主要系统（如除氧给水系统、凝结水系统、循环水系统、发电机氢油水等系统）的投运，及汽轮机动态调整等项目。

Turbine integral startup and testing begins with the dynamic acceptance check after the trial run of each subsystem is finished. The commissioning of integral turbine includes the following items:

Testing of turbine interlocks and protections

Testing of control & protection system

Putting subsystems into operation (deaerator and feed water, condensate, CW, generator seal oil/hydrogen/cooling water, etc.)

Dynamic adjustment of turbine

4调试前应具备的条件：

Inspection requirements before commissioning

系统调试工作正式开始以前，调试人员应按下面所列内容对整套启动调试应具备的条件进行全面检查，确保试运安全顺利进行。

Prior to system commissioning, a joint inspection should be made by the relevant working parties as per the flowing requirements.

4.1厂区内场地平整，道路畅通，试运范围内的施工脚手架已全部拆除,各运转层的梯子与栏杆完好，沟道及孔洞的盖板齐全。

The working area and roads in site are clear, with all scaffolds removed. Staircases and rails are in good condition on each operation floor. Conduits, tunnels and holes are complete with cover plate.

4.2现场备有足够的消防器材，消防水系统具有足够的水源和压力，并随时处于备用状态。

There should be adequate fire-fighting facilities in site with reliable pressure water supply, ready for use.

4.3现场应有足够的正式照明，事故照明系统完整可靠并能在正式照明失去电源时自动投入工作。

Sufficient lighting is available in site with reliable emergency lighting system which can be put into operation automatically on the power failure of working lighting.

4.4所有排水沟通畅。

All drainage channels are clear.

4.5电话等通讯设备安装完毕，可以使用。

Communications in site are convenient.

4.6与试运有关的空调设施可以投入使用。

Air conditioning is available in all working space.

4.7辅助蒸汽系统及仪用压缩空气系统可以投用。

Auxiliary steam system and instrument compressed air system are in readiness for service.

4.8所有将投入运行的设备及系统，按图纸技术要求安装完毕并完成设计变更及必要的修改项目，安装记录齐全。

All the equipment items and system to be commissioned have been installed as per the design drawings and approved modifications to design if any, with complete technical data on installation available.

4.9试运区域建立健全的保卫制度。

An all-round and effective security system should be exercised in working area.

5.启动前应完成的分部试运和试验项目：

Trial running and testing before initial startup of turbine

5.1各转动机械单机试运以及分系统试运全部结束，消除已发现的设备缺陷，并经验收签证合格。主要包括以下分系统的试运：

Individual trial running of each rotating machine and trial run of each subsystem have been finished, the defects discovered have been rectified, and the equipment/subsystem has been accepted with signatures of relevant working parties. The subsystem to be commissioned are:

（1）循环水系统

CW system

（2）工业水系统

Service water system

（3）开、闭式冷却水系统

OCCW/CCCW system

（4）凝结水系统

Condensate water system

（5）润滑油系统、盘车装置、油净化装置

Lube oil system, turning gear, oil purifier

（6）密封油系统

Generator Seal oil system

（7）发电机定子冷却水系统

Generator stator cooling water system

（8）氢气系统

Generator hydrogen system

（9）轴封系统

Gland steam system

（10）真空系统

Air extraction system

（11）高、低压旁路系统

H/LP by-pass systems

（12）除氧给水系统

Deaerator and feed water system

（13）抽汽回热系统

Regenerative extraction steam system

（14）抗燃油系统

Fire-resistant oil system

（15）调节保安系统

Control & protection system

5.2所有汽水管道的吹扫及冲洗合格（包括辅汽系统管道、轴封系统管道等吹扫完毕并经验证合格，工业水、冷却水系统管道冲洗合格，凝结水系统、中低压给水系统管道碱洗、冲洗完毕），油系统管道（包括大机润滑油系统、抗燃油系统、小机润滑油系统）冲洗合格。

All steam and water pipes have been blown and flushed out, including those for

（Auxiliary steam/Gland steam/Service water/Cooling water/IP and LP feed water）

All oil pipelines, including turbine lube oil system ,turbine-feedwater pumps lube oil system and fire-resistant oil system, have been flushed out.

5.3所有电气及热工仪器、仪表经过校验合格,主辅机联锁保护装置及声光信号试验合格，有关自动装置可以投入。

All electrical and C&I meters have been calibrated, interlock, protection and alarm (audible and visible) devices of turbine and its auxiliaries have been tested in accordance with requirements, and the relevant automatic devices can be put into service.

5.4所有程控试验合格。

All sequence control systems have been tested to comply with requirements.

5.5汽轮机TSI（监测系统）、ETS（保护系统）系统调试完毕。

Testing and adjustment of TSI and turbine ETS have been finished.

5.6真空系统经灌水检查严密性合格，泄漏已消除，试抽真空良好。

Condenser shell, including LP heater and piping, has passed water-filling leakage test and evacuation test satisfactorily.

5.7润滑油系统、发电机密封油系统及抗燃油系统的油循环结束，油质化验合格，因油循环而采取的临时设施已拆除，系统恢复正常。

Circulation of lube oil, generator seal oil, and fire-resistant oil systems has finished, oil is tested up to standard. The temporary facilities for oil circulation have been removed and the oil systems have been restored.

5.8发电机冷却水系统已经冲洗并通水检查良好，水质化验合格。

Generator cooling water piping has been flushed out with adequate tightness and qualified water.

5.9密封油系统调试完毕，发电机风压试验合格。

The generator seal oil system has been adjusted and passed the pressure decay test of the generator.

5.10发电机氢系统安装调整完毕，具备投氢条件。

The generator hydrogen system has been installed and adjusted ready for service.

5.11各系统电动门、气动门调整完毕，记录好开关时间，并正常投入。

Motorized and pneumatic valves in each system have been adjusted ready for use, with their on/off operating times recorded.

5.12旁路系统调整试验完毕。

The testing and adjustment of by-pass systems has been finished.

5.13发电机静子通过耐压试验合格。

Generator stator has passed withstand voltage test.

5.14电动调速给水泵试运完毕，具备启动条件。

The trial running of electric feedwater pump has been finished, ready for operation.

5.15盘车装置试运合格，校对大轴晃度指示表，并测取大轴原始晃摆值。

Trial running of turning gear has finished, with shaft swing indicator calibrated and the original value of shaft swing measured.

5.16 DEH系统、EH油系统静态调试完毕，特性符合设计要求。

Static testing of DEH/EH oil systems has been finished, showing their characteristics in conformity with requirements.

5.17低压缸喷水装置经试验喷雾均匀，方向正确。

LP casing water sprayers have been tested fully atomizing and directing correctly.

6.整套启动试运程序：

Integral unit commissioning procedure

汽轮机整套启动是全面检查机组设计、制造及安装质量的重要环节，是保证机组安全可靠地投产的重要工序。通过机组的试运，发现并处理设备系统存在的缺陷，调整各部运行参数，了解设备性能，掌握机组的运行特性，为机组的安全运行提供依据。

The startup of the entire unit is an all-round inspection of the unit design, manufacture and installation. It is also a crucial step to successful commissioning of the unit. Through commissioning, possible defects can be detected and repaired, system operational parameters can be adjusted and coordinated, performance and operating characteristics of system and equipment can be examined, thus providing invaluable information and experience for unit safety operation.

6.1有下列情况之一，机组禁止启动或并网：

Never start or synchronize the unit in case of any one of the following conditions:

6.1.1影响机组启动的安装、检修、调试工作未结束，工作票未终结和回收。

Work (installation, maintenance, testing) on the unit has not been finished and the permit-to-work has not been canceled.

6.1.2机组的主要联锁保护功能试验不合格，保护动作值不符合规定。

The main interlocks and protections of the unit fail to pass test or their settings are not in accordance with requirements.

6.1.3机组任一安全保护装置失灵。

Malfunction of any one protection device

6.1.4机组主要调节装置失灵。

Malfunction of main regulating device

6.1.5基地式调节装置失灵，影响机组启动或正常运行。

Failure of self-operated control device, affecting the unit start-up or normal operation.

6.1.6机组主要检测仪表监视功能失去，机组主要监测参数超过极限值。

Loss of supervisory C&I, excessive unit parameter value

6.1.7机组仪表及保护装置电源失去。

Power failure for C&I and protection devices

6.1.8控制系统（DCS）通讯故障或任一过程控制单元功能失去。

Failure of DCS communication or failure of any process control unit

6.1.9 DEH、FSSS、SCS、CCS控制系统工作不正常，影响机组启动或正常运行。

Abnormal condition with control systems such as DEH, FSSS, SCS and CCS.

6.1.10厂用、仪表压缩空气系统工作不正常。

Abnormal condition with service and instrument compressed air systems.

6.1.11汽轮机高、中压主汽门及调门、抽汽逆止门、高排逆止门任一卡涩或不能关闭严密，高压缸VV阀动作不正常。

Any one of turbine HP/IP MSV, CV, RSV, ICV, extraction check and HP exhaust check valves is jammed or fails to close fully, or HP casing VV fails to operate normally.

6.1.12锅炉汽包水位计两侧均故障不能投运。

Malfunction of drum level gauges on both sides

6.1.13汽水品质不符合要求。

Quality of steam or feed water is not up to standard.

6.1.14主机转子偏心度大于原始值0.03mm。

Turbine shaft eccentricity is 0.03mm greater than its original value.

6.1.15盘车时汽轮发电机组转动部分有明显摩擦声。

Rubbing of the rotating part is heard when the turbo-generator set put on turning gear.

6.1.16汽轮机润滑油油箱油位低于极限值或油质不合格。

Turbine lube oil tank level falls below the limit or the oil quality is poor.

6.1.17 EH油箱油位低或油质不合格。

EH oil tank level is low or the oil quality fails to measure up.

6.1.18汽轮机高、中压缸任一对应点上、下缸温差＞80℃。

Temperature difference between any two points on upper and lower HP/IP cylinder half exceeds 80℃.

6.1.19主机危急保安器动作不正常。

Malfunction of turbine emergency governor

6.1.20发电机定子冷却水系统故障或水质不合格。

Failure of generator stator cooling water system or the quality of water fails to measure up.

6.1.21发电机氢气冷却系统故障或氢气纯度、湿度不合格。

Failure of generator hydrogen cooling system or the hydrogen purity/humidity is unqualified.

6.1.22密封油系统故障。

Failure of generator seal oil system

6.1.23发电机定子、转子绕组绝缘不合格。

Generator stator/rotor winding insulation unqualified.

6.1.24发电机气密性试验不合格。

Generator fails to pass gas tightness test.

6.1.25旁路系统故障，禁止机组热态启动。

By-pass system fails, forbidding hot start-up of the unit.

6.1.26交流润滑油泵、直流事故油泵任一故障或其相应的联锁保护试验不合格。

Failure of AC lube oil pump or DC emergency oil pump, or their interlocks and protections fail to pass testing.

6.1.27柴油发电机系统带负荷试验不成功。

Diesel-engine generator fails to pass loading test.

6.1.28 UPS电源不能投运。

UPS is not in readiness for service.

6.1.29厂用电系统不能正常工作。

Abnormal condition with auxiliary power service

6.1.30存在其他威胁机组安全启动或安全运行的严重缺陷时。

Other defects or abnormal conditions endangering the safely of the unit startup and operation

6.2整套启动试运方案

Integral unit commissioning procedure

6.2.1根据调节级处高压内缸内上壁金属温度来划分机组启动的形式

Based on the metal temperature of inner wall at regulating stage of upper HP inner casing half, turbine startup falls into one of the following four modes:

冷态启动： Cold startup: T＜150℃

温态启动： Warm startup: 150≤T＜300℃

热态启动： Hot startup: 300≤T＜400℃

极热态启动：Extremely hot startup: T≥400℃

6.2.2机组首次冷态启动采用高中压缸联合启动方式，控制系统采用操作员自动方式。

The initial cold startup of the unit shall be conducted by admitting steam to both HP and IP casings, with control systems selected to “Operator auto” mode.

6.3整套启动试运程序：机组首次冷态启动—带负荷试运—14天可靠性示范运行

The procedure of integral unit commissioning is:

Initial cold startup --- On-load trial run ---14-day reliability demonstration operation.

6.3.1机组首次冷态启动:

Initial cold startup of the unit:

机组首次冷态启动采用高中压缸联合启动方式，控制系统采用操作员自动方式，机组首次冷态启动发电机充氢压0.1～0.15MPa，电气试验前提高至0.2～0.3MPa。在机组升至全速后进行就地和远方停机试验以及危急遮断器喷油试验，一切正常后恢复3000rpm交电气试验。电气试验结束后，并网带10%额定负荷1小时，带20%额定负荷4小时，然后解列进行汽门严密性试验，试验合格后进行超速保护试验，超速试验合格后根据实际情况决定是否带负荷。(利用正常停机的机会测取转子惰走曲线)。低压加热器如具备条件随机启动，除氧器在运行初期可采用低定压运行方式，以后随着负荷的增加（四抽压力大于0.147MPa时）进行汽源切换转入滑压运行。机组首次冷态启动曲线见附录2。

HP&IP integrated startup is adopted as the initial cold startup of the unit, with control systems selected to “Operator auto” mode and generator hydrogen charged to 0.1～0.15MPa, and then to 0.2～0.3MPa prior to electric testing. After turbine runs up to full speed, carry out the following testing items:

a.Local and remote trip test and emergency governor oil injection test

b.Electric tests after the unit is restored to 3000 rpm

c.Generator synchronization, 1-hour 10% loading operation and 4-hour 20% loading operation

d.Steam valve tightness testing after the unit disconnected from Grid

e.Overspeed protection test

f.Synchronize and bring the unit on-load as required

During shutdown of the unit, measure rotor coasting down curve. The LP heaters may be put into service as the condition permits. The deaerator may be selected on fixed pressure mode in the early operation and, as the unit loading (when 4th extraction steam pressure > 0.147MPa), enters sliding pressure operation by steam supply change-over. The initial cold startup curve of the unit is given in Appendix 2.

6.3.2带负荷试运

On load trial operation of the unit

第二阶段启动可根据缸温决定是否采用热态启动，并网后逐渐加大负荷至额定值，所有设备系统及热工自动逐步全部投入，除氧器滑压运行。汽轮机负荷达100MW时开始冲洗高加汽侧，水质合格后全部投入高加汽侧，疏水回收到除氧器，升负荷过程中逐台启动电动给水泵，一台备用，负荷达225MW以上时根据情况进行真空严密性试验。进入14天可靠性示范运行之前，在所有条件具备的情况下，逐次进行50%与100%额定负荷的甩负荷试验（详见甩负荷试验措施）。

In the second phase, hot startup can be carried out depending on the casing temperature. After the unit synchronized, its load shall be raised gradually to rating, all auxiliaries, subsystems and C&I shall be put into service in succession, and the deaerator shall be in sliding pressure operation. When the turbine load reaches 100 MW, HP heater steam side shall be blown out, and, after the water tested qualified, put into service, with its drainage collected back to the deaerator. During pressure raising, the electric boiler feedwater pumps shall be started one by one, with 1 pump standby. When the unit load increases above 225MW, the vacuum tight test may be done. Before the 14-day reliability demonstration run, load dump test shall be carried out at 50% and 100% rating respectively (For details, see “load rejection test procedure”).

6.3.3 14天可靠性示范运行

14-days reliability demonstration operation

按照要求进行14天可靠性示范运行，并移交生产。

The unit shall be put into 14-day reliability demonstration operation as per the contract terms and then handed over to the operation department.

7.汽轮机首次冷态启动：

Initial cold startup of turbine

7.1锅炉点火前的检查与操作

Inspection and operations before boiler lighting-up

7.1.1按照运行规程要求，全面检查各系统阀门位置正确，各主、辅设备状态良好，各辅机轴承润滑油量充足，并做好与邻机的系统隔离工作。

As per the operation regulations check that

Valves in each system are in correct position.

All main plant and auxiliaries are in good condition, with sufficient lube oil for each auxiliary item of equipment.

Isolation measures are taken from the other unit.

7.1.2各电动门、调整门及电磁阀等送上电源，远操开关动作灵活，方向正确。

Power supply for all MOVs, control valve and SVs is turned on and all these valves are capable of operating freely in correct direction on “Remote”.

7.1.3联系电气测量各泵类电机绝缘，合格后送电。

Contact electrical department to test insulation of all pump drive motors and to switch on power if they measure up.

7.1.4各系统水箱水位（油箱油位）正常，液位指示准确，水质（油质）化验合格。

Level of each water (oil) tank is normal, with position indicated right and water (oil)

quality up to standard.

7.1.5主机、辅机有关主要联锁保护检查确认。

Interlocks and protections of main and auxiliary equipments have been checked in accordance with requirements.

7.1.6 DEH、ETS、TSI和BPS等系统提前供电，系统与表盘均应处于正常状态，检查DEH与CCS系统和并网系统的I/O接口通讯是否正常。

Power for systems such as DEH, ETS, TSI and BPS shall be switch on in advance. Check that each system and its indicators are in order and that the I/O interfaces between DEH, CCS and generator synchronizer work normally.

7.1.7启动工业水泵，检查工业水系统正常, 启动循环水泵与开、闭式冷却水泵向凝汽器通循环水和各冷却器通冷却水。

Start the service water pump and check it is normal. Start CW/OCCW/CCCW pumps to pass water through condenser and coolers.

7.1.8启动凝结水输送泵，除盐水服务水泵，投入凝结水泵，凝结水打再循环。检查低压缸喷水、疏水扩容器喷水系统正常。

Start condensate transfer pump and demineralization water service pump, and start condensate pump for recirculation. Check that the spray systems of LP casing and drain flash tank work normally.

7.1.9检查主油箱油位正常、就地同DCS油位指示相对应，启动主油箱排烟风机，同时投入交流润滑油泵，直流润滑油泵投入备用，维持油箱负压在196～245Pa范围内，检查润滑油压力在0.0785MPa～0.0981MPa。

Check that the level of main oil tank is normal and the local level reading is the same as displayed on DCS. Start the gas exhaust fan of main oil tank and the AC lube oil pump, with the DC lube oil pump standby, to keep main oil tank negative pressure at 196 ~ 245Pa, check that lube oil pressure is within the range of 0.0785MPa～0.0981MPa.

7.1.10投入发电机密封油系统及氢系统，发电机充氢至0.1～0.15MPa，各部油压及差压调整正常。

Start generator seal oil and hydrogen system to charge hydrogen to 0.1～0.15MPa, with the oil pressure of each component and differential pressure adjusted normal.

7.1.11启动发电机定子冷却水泵，投入定子冷却水系统。

Start generator stator cooling water pump and put stator cooling water system into service.

7.1.12投入高压抗燃油系统，并将油温与油压控制在正常范围之内。

Put fire-resistance oil system into service, maintaining oil temperature and pressure within the normal range.

7.1.13投入顶轴油泵系统及盘车装置，记录转子弯曲值及盘车电流，转子弯曲值应不大于

原始冷态值的0.03mm。在冲机前按规定时间进行连续盘车（至少4小时）。

Start jacking oil pump and put TG on turning gear, record the turning gear current and the shaft swinging value, which shall not be 0.03mm above its original cold state value. Before rolling, turbo-generator shall be on turning gear continuously for at least 4 hours.

7.1.14启动电动给水泵，根据需要用电动泵给锅炉上水。

Start the motor-driven boiler feedwater pump to fill the boiler as needed.

7.1.15对辅助蒸汽系统进行充分暖管，并将其投入正常。对辅汽供除氧器的管道及轴封系统管道进行暖管，使其具备投入条件。

Warm auxiliary steam pipeline up and put it normal service. Warm up pipes from aux. steam header to deaerator and to gland seal system for service.

7.1.16关闭真空破坏阀，启动真空泵及轴抽风机抽真空；确信汽封蒸汽管道中无水后，向各汽封送汽，根据轴封良好且不冒汽的原则，轴封母管压力维持0.123MPa，温度150～260℃。严禁转子静止时向轴封送汽。

Close vacuum breaker valve, start vacuum pump and gland air fan to create vacuum, confirm that there is no water in gland seal steam pipeline, then supply steam to each gland pipes, keeping gland steam header pressure at 0.123MPa according to the principle that there is no more steam out of gland and sealing well, temperature shall be at 150～260℃, it is forbidden to supply steam to gland system when turbine is in stillness.

7.1.17凝汽器真空建立60KPa后，即可通知锅炉点火。

When condenser vacuum reaches 60KPa, inform boiler operator to light up furnace.

7.2锅炉点火后的检查与操作

Inspection and operations after boiler light-up

7.2.1检查主蒸汽、再热蒸汽管道上的疏水门开启, 汽缸本体疏水门开启。

Check that drain valves on main and reheat steam pipes are open and that drain valves on casing are open.

7.2.2低压排汽缸温度大于80℃时，投入低压缸喷水装置。

Apply the LP casing sprayer when LP casing exhaust temperature exceeds 80℃.

7.2.3监视汽缸金属温度、各部分温差的变化情况及汽门严密性，真空值保持在60KPa以上。

Closely observe change in casing metal temperatures and in differential temperatures, observe tightness of each valve. Check that vacuum is maintained above 60KPa.

7.2.4检查高排逆止阀关闭，高、低压旁路具备投入条件。主蒸汽压力约0.2 MPa后，逐渐投入高、低压旁路系统及减温喷水系统，进行暖管工作；同时将汽缸夹层加热进汽箱暖至隔离门前。

Check that HP exhaust check valve is shut and that HP and LP by-pass systems are in readiness for service. They shall be put into service gradually together with attemperating sprayers when main steam pressure reaches 0.2 MPa. Warm up steam admission box of cylinder interlayer up to the isolating hand valve.

7.2.5确认盘车已经连续运行2个小时以上，且凝汽器真空达到80.4KPa以上时，检查汽机无跳闸信号，获准挂闸后，汽机挂闸。挂闸后进行高压缸和主汽阀及高压调节阀壳的预暖工作，根据需要可投入汽缸夹层加热系统。

Assure the TG have been run more two hours , vacuum increases to 80.4KPa, check that no trip signal is initiated. After given permission, start the latch perform pre-warming of HP casing and MSV/CV shells, and apply cylinder interlayer heating as needed.

7.2.5.1高压缸预暖参数为P=0.4～0.8 MPa；T=200～250℃并保持50℃以上过热度。暖缸期间暖缸温升率不得超过50℃/h，通过调整倒暖阀和疏水阀保证缸内压力P=0.4～0.5 MPa，汽缸各壁温差及胀差应在允许范围内。当高压内缸调节级处上半内壁金属温度均升到150℃以上时，保持预暖1小时，暖缸结束。

HP casing pre-warming conditions are: P=0.4～0.8 MPa, T=200～250℃, with degree of superheat maintained above 50℃. As casing being warmed, the rate of temperature rise shall be kept less than 50℃/h, keep the pressure inside HP casing at 0.4～0.5 MPa by adjusting the RFV and drain valves，casing differential temperatures and differential expansion within the permissible range. When governing stage inner wall metal temperature of upper HP inner half casing increases up to 150℃, keep on preheating for one hour. then the casing prewarming is finished

7.2.5.2如果高压调节阀壳内壁或外壁温度低于150℃，在高压缸预暖的同时，应对高压调节阀壳进行预暖。在高压调节阀壳预暖期间，高压主汽阀关闭，预暖用的主蒸汽通过#2主汽阀的预启阀进入调节阀壳。注意观察调节阀壳内外壁温差，控制温差小于80℃，否则暂停高压调节阀壳预暖直至温差小于70℃，当调节阀壳内、外壁金属温度高于150℃时，达到阀门预暖要求。

If the inner or outer wall of HP CV shell is lower than 150℃, the HP CV shell shall be preheated along with HP casing by admitting steam through the equalizing valve of main steam valve #2, with the HP main steam valve closed. Observe and maintain the HP CV inner/outer wall differential temperature below 80℃, otherwise suspend preheating until it falls below 70℃. The HP CV is considered to be preheated satisfactorily when the inner and outer wall of its shell is heated to 150℃ or over.

7.2.5.3暖缸及暖阀期间，注意监视汽机转速及盘车装置的运行情况，发现盘车装置脱扣、汽机转速上升，应立即关闭#2主汽阀的预启阀，查明转速上升原因。当汽机转速下降、转子停止后，重新投入盘车装置。

During the preheating of casing and valves, closely observe turbine speed and turning gear. If the turning gear is disengaged or the turbine runs up, close the equalizing valve of HP MSV #2 and investigate. When rotor speed falls down to zero, put turbine on turning gear again.

7.2.5.4汽缸夹层加热系统投入后，确保夹层联箱压力在0.98--4.9MPa之间，不超过6.5MPa。控制汽缸温升率不超过50℃/h，高压内缸外壁上下温差和高中压外缸内壁上下温差分别小于50℃。

When heating casing interlayer, assure the heating casing interlayer box pressure is between 0.98--4.9MPa and can not exceed 6.5MPa。The maintain the rate of the temperature rise less than 50℃/h, and keep both the upper and lower temperature difference of HP inner casing outer wall and the upper and lower temperature difference of HIP outer casing inner wall less than 50℃.

7.3汽轮机冷态启动

Cold startup of turbine

7.3.1冷态启动冲转参数及主要控制条件:

Main control parameters for turbine cold startup:

主汽压力：3.45MPa 主汽温度：320℃

Main steam pressure: 3.45MPa Main steam temperature: 320℃

凝汽器压力：＜16.7KPa EH油压：11.2～14.5 MPa

Condenser pressure: ＜16.7KPa(a) EH oil pressure: 11.2～14.5 MPa

EH油温： 35～54℃ 轴向位移： -1.05mm～0.6mm

EH oil temperature: 35～54℃ Axial displacement: -1.05mm～0.6mm

润滑油压：0.0785～0.0981MPa 润滑油温：40～45℃

Lube oil pressure: 0.0785～0.0981MPa Lube oil temperature: 40～45℃

高中压胀差： -3mm～6mm 低压胀差： ＜14mm

HIP differential expansion: -3mm～6mm LP differential expansion：＜14mm

高、中压外缸和高压内缸内、外壁温差分别小于50℃

Inner and outer wall temperature differences of HP and IP outer casings: ＜ 50℃.

HP inner casing inner and outer wall temperature differences ＜ 50℃.

高压主汽阀壳内、外壁温差小于55℃

HP MSV shell inner and outer wall temperature difference ＜ 55℃.

高中压外缸内壁与高压内缸外壁温差小于50℃

Temperature difference between HIP outer casing inner wall and HP inner casing outer wall ＜ 50℃.

高中压外缸外壁上、下温差小于50℃

Temperature difference between upper and lower half of HIP outer casing outer wall ＜ 50℃.

高压内缸外壁上、下温差小于35℃

Temperature difference between upper and lower half of HP inner casing outer wall ＜ 35℃.

高中压外缸法兰内、外壁温差小于80℃

HIP outer casing flange inner and outer wall temperature difference ＜ 80℃.

高中压外缸上半左、右法兰温差小于10℃

Left and right upper half flange temperature difference of HIP outer casing ＜10℃.

低压缸排汽温度： ＜65℃

LP casing exhaust steam temperature: ＜65℃

所有监视设备,显示系统已投入正常。

All monitoring and display system are in normal service.

汽机所有疏水阀在开启位置。

All turbine drain valves are open.

联系热工确认汽机主保护已投入。

Confirm with C&I department that turbine main protections are put into service.

确认汽机盘车已经运行4个小时以上。

Assure the TG have been run more 4 hours.

7.3.2汽轮机冲转、暖机与升速

Rolling, warming and speed raising of turbine

7.3.2.1全面检查结束，无异常后，记录冲转前的重要参数，如主、再热汽压力、温度、轴向位移、偏心、真空、胀差、润滑油压、油温等。

Before rolling turbine, check thoroughly that no abnormal condition occurs and take record of main parameters such as main/reheat steam temperature and pressure, axial displacement, eccentricity, vacuum, differential expansion, lube oil pressure and temperature, etc.

7.3.2.2汽机冲转前DEH控制系统检查确认工作正常。

Ensure that DEH control system works properly.

7.3.2.3机组首次冷态启动采用附录2所示的冷态启动曲线冲转。机组首次冷态启动采用高中压缸联合启动，控制系统采用操作员自动方式。

The initial run-up of turbine under cold state shall be done as per the “Turbine cold startup curve” given in Appendix 2, by admitting steam to both HP and IP casings on “Operator auto” mode.

7.3.2.4确认危急遮断器滑阀已挂闸，投入汽缸夹层加热。

Confirm that emergency trip pilot valve has been latched, and commence cylinder interlayer heating.

7.3.2.5确认按钮“HP&IP START / IP START”是处于“HP&IP START”状态；确认按钮“SINGLE VALVE/SEQ VALVE”是处于“SINGLE VALVE”状态；按“RUN”按钮，检查高、中压主汽门开启。

Check that button “HP&IP START / IP START”is at “HP&IP START” position and that button “SINGLE VALVE/SEQ VALVE” at “SINGLE VALVE” position; then push button “RUN”and check that HP/IP MSV are open.

7.3.2.6“TARGET”选择目标转速500rpm，“ACCELERATE”选择升速率100rpm / min。

Push button “TARGET” and set target speed at 500rpm, push button “TARGET” and set rate of speed rise at 100rpm / min.

7.3.2.7按“GO”按钮后，高中压调节阀逐渐开启，机组按给定的升速率增加转速，确认通风阀关闭，高排逆止门处于开启位置。当转速大于盘车转速时，检查盘车装置自动脱开，否则应立即停机。

After button “GO” pushed, HIP CV/IV are opened gradually and the rotor speed rises at given rate; ensure that VV is closed and HP exhaust check valve open. When rotor speed increases above barring speed, check that the barring gear has been disengaged automatically, otherwise stop immediately.

7.3.2.8转速升至500rpm时，就地手动打闸进行摩擦听音检查，如未发现异常现象，可重新挂闸,检查时间不超过5分钟。

When the speed increases up to 500rpm, manually trip at machine and listen for any noise between the static and dynamic parts, If no abnormal phenomenon discovered，latch the machine again ,the checking time must be under 5 minutes.

7.3.2.9摩擦检查结束后，设置“目标转速1200rpm” 和“升速率100rpm /min”。转速升至1200rpm，确认顶轴油泵自动停止运行，全面检查所有监控仪表及热力系统有无异常现象。如机组无异常现象，进行中速暖机约1小时左右。

After the checking, set target speed at“1200rpm”and speed rise rate at 100rpm /min. When the speed increase to 1200rpm, confirm that jacking oil pump has stopped automatically, check all supervisory instruments and thermal power system for anything abnormal. Then conduct medium-speed warming for 1 hour.

7.3.2.10中速暖机结束后，设置“目标转速2000rpm” 和“升速率250～300rpm /min”。转速升至2000rpm，在此转速下，应监视中压缸排汽口处下半内壁金属温度大于130℃，进行高速暖机1小时左右。暖机结束的要求：

After medium-speed warming, set target speed at “2000rpm”and speed rise rate at 250~300rpm/min. When rotor speed gets to 2000rpm, closely check that IP casing lower half inner wall metal temperature at the exhaust is higher than 130℃ and keep on soaking for 1 hour. On completion of warming-up, turbine operational parameters shall reach the following values:

（1）高压缸内上缸内壁金属温度＞250℃；

HP inner casing upper half inner wall metal temperature ＞250℃

（2）高中压缸膨胀＞7mm；

Expansion of HP and IP casing ＞ 7mm

（3）高中压缸胀差＜3.5mm并趋于稳定；

Differential expansion of HIP casing less than 3.5mm and getting stable.

（4）振动及其它参数在正常范围内。

Vibration and other parameters are in permissible range.

7.3.2.11高速暖机结束后，设置“目标转速3000rpm” 和“升速率100rpm /min”。转速升至3000rpm，空负荷运行30 min，进行以下检查：

After high speed warming, set target speed at “3000rpm”and speed rise rate at 100rpm/min. When rotor speed rises to 3000rpm, keep no-load running for 30 min and

checking the following items:

（1）对汽轮机进行听音检查，确认无异音；

Listen for any abnormal sound emitted by rubbing parts inside turbine.

（2）检查发电机氢油水系统各项参数正常；

Check that conditions of generator seal oil/hydrogen/stator cooling water system are normal.

（3）全面检查各辅机工作正常。

Check that each auxiliary plant is running normally.

（4）检查凝汽器真空在87KPa以上,低压缸排汽温度低于80℃。

Check the vacuum ＞87KPa, LP casing exhaust steam temperature ＜80℃.

7.3.2.12升速及暖机过程中注意事项：

During turbine run-up and warming-up, the following points require attention.

（1）汽机冲转升速、暖机过程中，应尽量保持蒸汽压力及汽包水位等参数稳定；

Try to maintain parameters stable, includeing steam pressure, drum level, etc.

（2）注意汽机本体、管道无水冲击及异常振动现象，汽机疏放水系统正常；

Ensure that no water hammer and abnormal vibration in turbine and pipes, and that turbine drains system work properly.

（3）对汽轮机及发电机各轴承及转动部分进行听音检查，确认无异音；

Listen to each bearing and each rotating part of turbine and generator to confirm no abnormal sound emitted by rubbing fixed and rotating parts.

（4）在升速过程中应注意迅速平稳地通过轴系各阶临界转速，通过临界转速时轴承盖振动不应大于0.1mm，轴振动不应大于0.25mm，否则立即打闸停机，不得任意硬闯临界转速；

Turbine shall pass through each critical speed of shafting quickly and smoothly, with vibration of bearing cover and bearing itself not exceeding 0.1mm and 0.25mm, respectively; otherwise turbine shall be tripped immediately. Never try to pass beyond critical speed recklessly.

（5）注意润滑油压、润滑油温度、油箱油位、发电机氢压、氢气温度、密封油压、密封油氢/油压差正常。

Check that the following items are normal

Lubricating oil pressure and temperature

Oil tank level

Generator hydrogen pressure and temperature

Generator seal oil pressure and hydrogen/seal oil differential pressure.

（6）注意凝汽器真空、水位及高低加、除氧器的水位变化正常。

Observe increase in condenser vacuum and water level, and in water level of HP and LP heaters and deaerator.

（7）注意低压缸排汽温度的变化以及低压缸喷水的投入情况。

Observe increase in LP casing exhaust temperature and the condition of LP casing sprayers which would be started automatically when the exhaust temperature increases above 80℃.

（8）注意旁路及各辅机的运行情况。

Observe the condition of HP/LP bypass system and each auxiliary equipment.

（9）应经常巡回检查缸胀、缸温、胀差、轴向位移及机组振动情况，各轴承温度、推力瓦温度及回油温度等均不超限，每20分钟记录一次启动运行参数与汽缸温度，分析汽缸金属温度变化及汽轮机膨胀情况，及时调整，维持汽轮机的有关参数在限制值之内；

Make frequent patrol and inspection of casing expansion, casing temperature, differential expansion, axial displacement and vibration. Check that temperature of oil and return oil in each bearing or thrust bearing are normal, without exceeding limit. Take record of turbine operating parameters and casing temperatures every 20 min, analyze the change in metal temperature and in expansion of turbine casing and make adjustment in time to maintain all the parameters within their limits.

7.3.2.13 3000rpm空负荷暖机过程中，检查主油泵和射油器运行正常，主油泵出口油压1.9～2.05MPa。试停交流润滑油泵，监视主油泵进、出口油压、润滑油压稳定。若主油泵进、出口油压、润滑油压不符合要求，应进行调整。完毕后将交流润滑油泵投备用。

During no-load warming at 3000 rpm, check that main oil pump and oil ejector work properly, with main oil pump outlet pressure within 1.9～2.05MPa. Then, stop AC lube oil pump to test whether main oil pump outlet and inlet pressure and lube oil pressure are stable. If not, make adjustment and then put the AC lube oil pump in standby position.

7.3.2.14 3000rpm空负荷暖机结束后，根据情况进行机组远方停机，确认高、中压主汽门与调速汽门迅速关闭，转速明显下降，然后重新挂闸，升速率设定200～250rpm/min，恢复3000rpm稳定运行。

After no-load warming at 3000rpm, carry out remote trip of turbine when condition permits, make sure that all the HP/IP MSV/CV/RSV/IV are closed fast and rotor speed drops drastically. Then latch turbine again, setting speed rise rate at 200~250 rpm/min, and run up to 3000 rpm steady operation.

7.3.2.15机组运行稳定后，按调节保安系统专用措施进行下列试验项目：

During steady operation of unit, perform the following tests as per the testing procedure of control & protection system.

危急遮断器喷油试验；

Emergency governor oil injection test

高压遮断模块（HTP）电磁阀在线试验；

HP trip protection module solenoid valve online test

超速限制集成块（OSP）电磁阀在线试验；

Over speed protection (OSP) solenoid valve online test

电超速保护；

Electrical overspeed protection.

7.3.2.16全面检查各部参数正常，投入电超速保护，交电气进行电气试验。

Check that all parameters are normal, put in electrical overspeed protection. Then contact electric team to carry out electrical tests.

7.3.2.17根据需要将氢压升至0.2MPa，根据风温、水温及油温情况调整各冷却器的工作状态。

Raise generator hydrogen pressure to 0.2MPa as per requirement and adjust each cooler to maintain air/water/oil/ temperature to requirements.

7.3.2.18电气试验期间机组空载运行时间较长，应注意控制排汽缸温度的升高。

As electrical testing might take a long period of time in which turbine is running without carrying load, be sure to observe and maintain exhaust temperature not to rise.

7.3.2.19电气试验结束之后在并网之前，应检查并确认主蒸汽压力达到5.88MPa，主蒸汽温度达到370℃。

On completion of electrical testing, check, that main steam pressure and temperature are maintained at 5.88MPa and 370℃, respectively, before generator is synchronized.

7.3.2.20试验与检查结束之后，通知电气并网带3%初负荷，然后以1MW / min缓慢加至10%额定负荷，并保持运行30分钟，根据需要投入第一级压力反馈或功率反馈。监视中压排汽口处下半内壁金属温度应大于176℃。

Then, inform electrical operator that the unit may be synchronized with an initial load of 3%. Increase the unit load gradually to 10% rating at rate of 1MW/min and keep this load for 30 minutes. Then apply put 1st stage pressure feedback or power feedback as required.. closely check that IP casing lower half inner wall metal temperature at the exhaust is higher than 176℃.

7.3.2.21以1MW / min升负荷率提升负荷至20%额定负荷，稳定运行4小时后解列，进行汽门严密性试验，然后进行电气超速试验（包括103%额定转速OSP动作试验和110%额定转速电超速试验）以及机械超速试验，详见BALCO-COMM-TP013《调节保安系统试验措施》。(利用适当停机的机会测取转子惰走曲线)。

Increase the unit load to 20% rating at rate of 1MW / min and keep steady operation for 4 hours. Then disconnect the unit from Grid and carry out valve tightness test, electrical overspeed test (include 103% rating OSP action test and 110% rating electrical overspeed test) and mechanical overspeed test. For details of these tests, see BALCO-COMM-TP013 “Commissioning procedure for turbine control & protection system”. (Measure rotor coast-down curve during shutdown.)

7.3.2.22超速试验后,若机组运行正常,可直接进入带负荷试运。

After passing overspeed tests, the unit can be brought on-load.

8.带负荷试运：

On-load trial run of turbine

8.1汽机按热态（或冷态）方式启动定速之后，电气并网接带负荷。

After turbine brought up to rated speed under hot or cold state, the unit is synchronized and loaded up.

8.2负荷升至90MW时，暖机2～3小时，启动疏水系统，关闭有关疏水，检查在以下状态下疏水系统的顺序关闭；

Increase the unit load to 90MW and stay there for 2~3hours of warming, start drain system and close some drains. Check that, as the unit load rises, drains are closed in the following sequence:

8.2.1在10%负荷，关闭高压导汽管、高压缸的疏水以及高压缸抽汽管的疏水；

At 10% load rating, drains of HP steam inlet pipes, HP casing and HP extraction steam pipes shall be closed.

8.2.2在20%负荷，关闭再热冷、热段管道、中压联合汽阀、中压缸本体和中压缸各抽汽管疏水；

At 20% load rating, drains of reheat cold and hot section, combined reheat stop and intercept valve, IP casing and IP extraction steam pipes shall be closed.

8.2.3在30%负荷，关闭低压缸各抽汽管的疏水。

At 30% rated load, drains of LP extraction steam pipes shall be closed.

8.2.4四抽压力大于0.147MPa时将除氧器汽源切换至四段抽汽。可依据实际情况启动第一台汽动给水泵，汽动给水泵运行正常后进行汽动给水泵和电动给水泵的切换。

Heating steam supply of deaerator shall be change over to 4th stage extraction steam when its pressure reaches 0.147MPa.According as instance start the first boiler turbine-feedwater pump, if the boiler turbine-feedwater pump is running normal, switch the boiler motor-feedwater pump and the boiler turbine-feedwater pump.

8.3机组大约在105MW负荷时，进入下滑点，此时高压调节阀开至90%，由DEH控制系统发信号给CCS系统，机组随锅炉升压提升负荷，此时DEH控制系统不参与调节（指不参与负荷控制）。

When the unit approaches to knee point at 105MW, increase the opening of HP governing valve to 90%; this signals will be sent to CCS through DEH system and the unit load will increase with boiler pressure raising without DEH involving.

8.4当高中压下半外缸金属温度超过350℃，并且胀差在允许值范围内，可停用汽缸夹层加热系统。

When HP/IP casing lower half mental temperatures exceed 350℃ and differential expansion is within permissible range, stop heating of casing interlayer.

8.5在达到某一目标负荷后，根据实际情况可以按“SEQ VALVE”按钮，转换到顺序阀控制状态，以利于机组的经济运行，切换期间应投调节级压力反馈或功率反馈。

When turbine is brought up to a target load, press “SEQ VALVE” button to change over to “Sequence valve control” mode to facilitate economic operation of the unit. Apply pressure or power feedback of governing stage when changing over to “Sequence valve control”.

8.6升负荷至50%额定负荷，升负荷率1MW/min，当负荷升至150MW时，启动第二台汽动给水泵，高加汽侧开始冲洗，水质化验合格后，回收高加疏水至除氧器。两台汽动给水泵运行，电动给水泵投入热备用。

Increase load to 50% rating at rate of 1MW/min. Start the second boiler turbine-feedwater pump at 150MW and commence steam blowing of HP feed heater steam side. When tested up to standard, drain water of HP feed heater shall be led to deaerator. Here there are two boiler turbine-feedwater pumps running and boiler motor-feedwater pump is in standby.

8.7缓慢增加负荷至90%额定负荷，此时主蒸汽参数接近额定值，同时全面检查各系统运行情况，注意监视各段抽汽压力的变化情况。机组由滑压进入定压运行，主蒸汽压力、温度、再热蒸汽温度达到额定。随着锅炉燃烧量的缓慢增加，逐渐增加汽机负荷直至满负荷。

Gradually increase to 90% rated load and main steam parameters will approach to rated value. Check condition of each system and note the change in extraction steam pressure of each stage. The unit changes over from sliding pressure to constant pressure operation, with pressure and temperature of main and RH steam reach their rated value. The unit shall be brought up to full load by slowly increasing boiler output.

8.8增加负荷至100%额定负荷，全面投入相关的系统、联锁保护及自动，使其具备14天可靠性示范运行条件。

At 100% rated load, put in all the associated systems, interlocks and protections to get the unit in readiness for 14-day reliability demonstration operation.

8.9负荷达到225MW以上时，根据情况进行真空严密性试验。

Conduct vacuum tightness test when the load reaches 225MW or over.

8.10在加负荷过程中注意监视轴振动、差胀、轴位移、真空、轴承温度等。

During loading of the unit, observe shaft vibration, differential expansion, shaft displacement, vacuum and bearing temperature.

8.11根据有关要求进行14天可靠性示范运行，并移交生产。

The unit shall be put into 14-day reliability demonstration operation as per contract requirements and then taken over by the owner.

8.12机组升速过程及升负荷过程中参数控制：

Control of parameters during turbine run-up and loading:

8.12.1温升率控制：

Control of temperature rise rate:

主蒸汽温升率不超过1.5℃/min

Temperature rise rate of main steam: ＜ 1.5℃/min.

再热蒸汽温升率不超过2℃/min

Temperature rise rate of RH steam: ＜ 2℃/min.

高中压汽缸壁金属温升率小于1.5℃/min（高压与中压第一级处内壁温度）。

Metal temperature rise rate of HP and IP casing wall (at 1st stage): ＜ 1.5℃/min.

8.12.2汽缸各部允许最大温差：

Maximum permissible differential temperatures of turbine cylinder:

高、中压外缸和高压内缸内、外壁温差分别小于50℃

Inner/outer wall temperature difference of HP and IP outer casing and HP inner casing: ＜ 50℃.

高压主汽阀壳内、外壁温差小于55℃

Inner/outer wall temperature difference of HP MSV shell: ＜ 55℃.

高中压外缸内壁与高压内缸外壁温差小于50℃

Temperature difference between HP and IP outer casing inner wall and HP inner casing outer wall: ＜ 50℃.

高中压外缸外壁上、下温差小于50℃

Upper/lower half temperature difference of HP and IP outer casing outer wall: ＜ 50℃.

高压内缸外壁上、下温差小于35℃

Upper/lower half temperature difference of HP inner casing outer wall: ＜ 35℃

高中压外缸法兰内、外壁温差小于80℃

Flange inner/outer wall temperature difference of HP and IP outer casing: ＜ 80℃

高中压外缸上半左、右法兰温差小于10℃

Left/right flange temperature difference of HP and IP outer casing upper half: ＜ 10℃.

高中压外缸上、下半法兰温差小于10℃

Upper/lower flange temperature difference of HP and IP outer casing: ＜ 10℃.

8.12.3机组运行期间运行参数限定值：

Permissible range of unit operating parameters

9.汽机温、热态、极热态启动：

Warm/hot/extremely hot start-up of turbine

9.1汽机温、热态、极热态启动前的检查及准备工作参照机组首次冷态启动执行。

Inspection and preparations of turbine start up under warm, hot and extremely hot state are the same as under cold state.

9.2按照下表要求，合理选择冲转参数

汽机在各种启动方式下冲转参数、升负荷速度及升速率见下表：

Select turbine run-up parameter as per the following table which gives parameters on turbine rolling, loading and speed raising under various state of turbine.

9.3主汽温度与再热蒸汽温度应尽量接近，并保持至少50℃以上的过热度。

The temperature of main steam shall be close to that of RH steam as possible and have superheat degree of 50℃ at least.

9.4机组启动前,检查确认高排逆止门关闭，高缸预暖电动门关闭，高压缸通风阀应开启。

Before start-up, check and ensure that HP exhaust non-return valve and HP cylinder motorized preheating valve are closed and that HP cylinder vent valve is open.

9.5温态启动冲机前至少连续盘车4小时以上，热态、极热态启动，从停机至启动冲转时，盘车不得中断运行。

Under warm state, turbo-generator shall be put on turning gear for at least 4 hours before admitting steam; under hot or extremely hot state, the machine shall be on turning gear without interruption during the period from shut-down to start-up.

9.6启动时，必需先送轴封，后抽真空，并注意汽封汽源与汽封供汽温度得合理选择，且必须充分暖管以保证供汽温度与缸温匹配，杜绝任何冷气、冷水进入汽缸。

When starting turbine, in order to prevent cold air or water entering cylinder, gland steam supply shall precede vacuum extraction, moreover, the temperature of gland steam source shall match that of feed steam and adequate warming shall be carried out to ensure that the temperature of steam supply matches cylinder temperature.

9.6.1温态启动时轴封母管压力0.123MPa，温度150～260℃，低压轴封进汽温150℃

During warm start-up, gland steam header pressure and temperature shall be 0.123MPa and 150～260℃，LP gland incoming steam temperature shall be 150℃.

9.6.2热态、极热态启动时宜送高温汽源，轴封母管压力0.123MPa，温度260～350℃，轴封蒸汽温度与缸温差小于56℃，低压轴封进汽温150℃。

For hot and extremely hot start-up high temperature steam source is desirable. Gland steam header temperature and temperature shall be 0.123MPa and 260～350℃，difference

between gland steam temperature and cylinder temperature ＜ 56℃，LP gland incoming steam = 150℃.

9.6.3送轴封蒸汽后，启动轴加风机，启动真空泵，保持轴加微负压。

After supplying of gland steam, start gland reheater extractor and vacuum pump, maintaining slight negative pressure of gland reheater.

9.7检查确认本体疏水及主、再热蒸汽管道疏水阀均在开启位置，主、再热蒸汽管道疏水充分。

Make sure that all drain valves of turbine, main and RH steam pipes are open, with sufficient drain water from main and RH steam pipes.

9.8高、低加在条件成熟的情况下尽量做到随机启动，否则投运之前必须做好预热工作。

HP/LP heaters shall be started along with turbine as possible; otherwise preheating shall be done before they are put in after turbine startup.

9.9启动前必须检查大轴晃动度符合要求，确认转子弯曲值不超过原始冷态值的0.03mm,凝汽器应保持较高真空。

Be sure to check that shaft swing is within permissible range, and that rotor shaft hogging within 0.03mm of original value under cold state. Adequate vacuum shall be maintained inside condenser.

9.10温态启动时，根据高、中压缸胀差，高压内缸外壁、高压外缸内壁上下半温差情况投入高压缸夹层加热装置，符合规定之后停用。

Before warm start-up, depending on HP and IP cylinder differential expansion, outer wall upper/lower differential temperature of HP inner casing and outer wall upper/lower differential temperature of HP outer casing, apply HP cylinder interlayer heating until specified conditions are satisfied.

9.11投运高低旁时，必需充分暖管，以防出现水击、振动等现象。

Adequate warming-up shall be done before putting in HP and LP by-pass to prevent water hammer and vibration.

9.12温、热态及极热态启动升速、升负荷速度较快，机组启动前应做好各项准备工作，应按照相应的启动曲线进行，参见附图，在达到工况点之前应尽量减少不必要的停留。机炉电之间应协调配合，合理安排提前进行并网前的有关操作，以免并网延误时间。尽快并网并带负荷至与高压缸第一级内上缸内壁金属温度相对应的负荷水平。

During warm, hot and extremely hot startup, as run-up and loading proceed very quickly, every preparation shall be made operations shall be done as per the unit startup curve given in Appendices , without unnecessary halting, until target condition is achieved. Boiler, turbine and electrical teams shall cooperate closely to get everything ready for synchronizing. It is desirable that the unit is synchronized and loaded up as quickly as possible to the level that matches with the inner wall metal temperature of HP inner half casing at 1st stage.

9.13当汽机负胀差趋近极限值时，应及时采取措施。

Take measures in time if negative differential expansion of turbine approaches its lower limit.

9.14升速及带负荷过程中注意事项：

Notes in run-up and loading:

9.14.1在启动和升速过程中,注意调整轴封压力和减温后的轴封温度应正常。

Check and adjust gland steam pressure and gland steam temperature to normal.

9.14.2升速、升负荷过程中加强监视机组振动情况，密切注意胀差、缸胀、轴向位移，主、再热汽温度的变化，高、中压缸金属温度及温升的变化。

Closely observe vibration, differential expansion, cylinder expansion, axial displacement, change in temperature of main and RH steam, and change in metal temperature of HP and IP cylinders.

9.14.3如果汽机复位时处于惰走阶段，则必须确认汽机转速不在临界转速区域。

Never keep turbine coasting down around any critical speed during re-start up.

9.14.4机组冲转前主机润滑油温宜在35℃左右，油温低于30℃禁止冲转。

TG lube oil temperature shall be about 35℃ before rolling, do not try to roll the machine if lube oil temperature is below 30℃.

9.15其它操作与检查项目均同于冷态启动。

Other operation and checking items are the same as in cold start-up.

10.主要系统的运行方式：

Operation mode of auxiliary systems

10.1旁路系统 By-pass system

高、低压旁路系统在锅炉点火后根据需要逐步投入，保证主汽门前压力不低于0.15MPa，为了尽快提高再热汽温，点火初期一级旁路减温水不投入，一级旁路出口温度达380℃时再投入。高中压缸联合启动时，冲机前关闭一、二级旁路。

After boiler light-up, HP and LP by-pass systems shall be put into operation gradually so as to ensure the pressure before main steam valve no less than 0.15MPa. In order to raise RH steam temperature quickly, the 1st stage by-pass attemperating shall not be applied early after boiler light up until 1st stage bypass outlet temperature increase to 380℃. During start-up by admitting steam to both HP and IP cylinders, the 1st and 2nd by-pass shall be shut off before turbine rolling.

10.2抽汽加热系统 Extraction steam heating system

＃5～＃8低加随机启动，以增大进汽量，有利于暖机。

LP heaters ＃5～＃8 shall be started along with turbine to increase incoming steam and facilitate warming-up.

＃1～＃3高加首次投入建议在负荷为100～150MW期间进行汽侧冲洗，并投入高加保护，水质合格后回收至除氧器，以后若条件具备高加可随机启动。高加切除时，机组最大功率不宜超过280MW。

It is recommended that when HP heaters ＃1～＃3 are applied for the first time, their steam side be steam-blown at load between 100 and 150 MW with protection in service. Their drain water is fed back to deaerator after tested up to standard. HP heater can be started along with turbine in subsequent startup as condition permits. The unit load, however, shall not exceed 280MW when HP heaters out of service.

10.3除氧器系统

Deaerator system

试运初期，当四段抽汽压力低于0.147MPa时，由辅助蒸汽联箱来汽供除氧器加热，除氧器压力维持在0.1～0.147MPa定压运行。当四段抽汽压力大于0.147MPa或机组负荷大于20%额定负荷时，由四段抽汽供除氧器，关辅助蒸汽至除氧器，除氧器进行滑压运行。

Early in startup, when 4th stage extraction steam pressure is below 0.147MPa, the steam to deaerator is derived from auxiliary steam header and deaerator is in constant pressure operation at 0.1～0.147MPa. When 4th stage extraction steam pressure increases above 0.147MPa or the unit load increases to 20% rating, the steam supply of

deaerator changes over from auxiliary steam to 4th stage extraction steam and deaerator will be running on “Sliding pressure” mode.

10.4凝结水系统

Condensate system

试运初期由于凝结水质比较脏，由＃5低加出口放水管将凝结水排掉，用凝结水输送泵直接补水至除氧器，试运期间应根据情况经常清扫凝汽器及凝结水泵入口滤网。

Early in startup, because condensed water is dirty, it shall be drained out through outlet pipe of LP heater #5 and deaerator make-up water shall be fed by condensate transfer pump. Check and clear the inlet strainers frequently of condenser and condensate pump.

10.5给水泵运行方式

Boiler feedwater pump

10.5.1启动时投入一台电动给水泵运行。

During unit startup, only one electric feedwater pump is running with two pumps standby, and feed water is flowing through HP heater by-pass.

10.5.2高加水侧注水后，给水切换至水侧。

After it filled up, change over feed water from bypass to HP heater water side.

10.5.3随着负荷的增加，可逐台投入汽动给水泵给水泵，并进行汽动给水泵和电动给水泵的切换。

Put each boiler turbine-feedwater pump into operation and switch the boiler motor-feedwater and the boiler turbine-feedwater pump as the unit load increases to specified level.

10.5.4两台汽动给水泵运行时，电动给水泵作为热备用。

When two boiler turbine-feedwater pumps are running, the boiler motor-feedwater pump shall be in “Auto cut-in” position.

10.6轴封供汽系统

Gland steam supply system

10.6.1轴封汽源参数应符合下述要求：

Gland steam source parameter shall be maintained as per the following requirements:

10.6.1.1机组冷态启动轴封母管压力维持0.123MPa，温度150～260℃。

Unit cold start-up: Gland steam header pressure: 0.123MPa, temperature: 150～260℃.

10.6.1.2温态启动时轴封母管压力0.123MPa，温度150～260℃，低压轴封进汽温150℃

热态、极热态启动时轴封母管压力0.123MPa，温度260～350℃，轴封蒸汽温度与缸温差小于56℃，低压轴封进汽温121～177℃。

Unit warm start-up: Gland steam header pressure: 0.123MPa,temperature: 150～260℃

LP gland incoming steam temperature: 150℃

Unit hot/extremely hot startup: Gland steam header pressure: 0.123MPa,temperature: 260～

350℃Gland steam/cylinder temperature difference: ＜ 56℃, LP gland sealing incoming

steam temperature: 121～177℃.

10.6.1.3盘车及冲转至低负荷阶段，汽封汽源由辅汽联箱供给，压力维持0.123MPa。

After starting turning gear and rolling to low load operation, sealing steam shall be derived from auxiliary steam header, with the pressure kept at 0.123MPa.

10.6.2大负荷阶段，高、中压缸轴封漏入供汽母管的蒸汽超过低压缸轴端汽封所需要的供汽量，此时，轴封供汽调节阀自动关闭，溢流调节阀自动打开，将多余蒸汽通过溢流控制站排至＃8低压加热器或凝汽器，同时将轴封压力自动维持在0.123MPa，此时轴封系统进入自密封阶段。

When the unit running on high load, the amount of steam leaking from HP and IP cylinder glands into gland steam header will exceed the demand of LP cylinder glands and here the gland steam supply regulating valve will close and overflow regulating valve open automatically to release unused steam, through overflow control station, to LP heater＃8 or to condenser, maintaining gland steam pressure at 0.123MPa. Thus, gland sealing system comes to auto-sealing stage.

10.6.3机组甩负荷阶段，当汽封供汽母管压力降至0.123MPa时，溢流阀关闭，轴封汽源由辅汽联箱供给。

In load rejection, when the pressure of gland steam supply header decreases to 0.123MPa, the overflow valve will be closed and the gland steam is taken from auxiliary steam header.

10.6.4在上述所有工况下，应采取措施控制低压缸轴封温度在121～177℃左右。

Under above conditions, LP cylinder gland steam temperature shall be maintained at about 121～177℃.

11.机组滑参数停机：

Sliding parameter shutdown of unit

11.1本节仅讲述机组正常停机的一般过程及有关注意事项，紧急停机及有关事故处理参照电厂运行规程执行。

This section deals with shutdown procedure of the unit under normal conditions. For emergency shutdown or operations under accidental conditions refer to power station operation regulations.

11.2减负荷过程中，按照滑参数停机曲线降温、降压、减负荷，注意汽温及汽压变化，

有关参数要求如下：

When deloading the unit, reduce steam temperature and pressure and load as per “Sliding parameter shut-down curve” and observe, in particular, change in steam temperature and pressure. The following requirements shall be satisfied:

主、再热蒸汽温度下降速度： ≤1℃/min

Main and RH steam temperature decay rate: ≤1℃/min

主、再热蒸汽压降速度： ＜0.098MPa/min

Main and RH steam pressure decay rate: ＜0.098MPa/min

主、再热蒸汽过热度： ＞ 50℃

Super heat degree of main and RH steam: ＞ 50℃

高压内缸内上壁金属温度下降速度： ≤ 1℃/min

Metal temperature decay rate of HP inner casing upper inner wall: ≤ 1℃/min.

负荷＞200MW，负荷下降速度 ≤3MW/min：

Deloading rate: ≤3MW/min when load ＞ 200MW

负荷＜200MW，负荷下降速度≤1.5MW/min：

Deloading rate: ≤ 1.5 MW/min when load ＜ 200MW

11.3辅助汽源已备妥，达到切换负荷时应将轴封汽源切换至辅助汽源，四段抽汽压力降至0.147MPa时，除氧器汽源自动切换至辅助汽源供汽。

Auxiliary steam source shall be in readiness to feed gland steam on source change-over when the unit load decreases to specified level. When the 4th stage extraction pressure falls to 0.147MPa, deaerator steam source will change over from 4th stage extraction to auxiliary steam automatically.

11.4检查电动给水泵处于备用状态。

Check and confirm that electric boiler feedwater pump is in “Standby” position.

11.5平稳减负荷至机组200MW。

Decrease load gradually to 200MW.

11.6在主汽温度下降30℃左右时应稳定10分钟后再降温,当调节级后汽温低于高压调节级法兰内壁金属温度30℃应停止降温。控制主蒸汽与再热蒸汽的温差，以及汽轮机的热膨胀和胀差在允许范围内。

Main steam temperature shall be kept constant for 10 min after each reduction of about 30℃. If main steam temperature after governing stage is lower than inner wall temperature of HP governing stage flange, reducing of steam temperature shall be halted. Temperature difference between main and RH steam, turbine heat expansion and differential expansion shall also be maintained within permissible range.

11.7负荷降至150MW时，启动电动给水泵，将一台汽动给水泵切换，停切换出来的汽动给水泵。

When load decreases to 150MW, start the boiler motor-feedwater pump and switch one boiler turbine-feedwater pume, stop the boiler turbine-feedwater pump.

11.8负荷降至90MW时，将顺序阀切换为单阀控制。退出并停另一台汽动给水泵。

When load decreases to 90MW, change over from “Sequence valve” to “Single valve” control mode. Stop another boiler turbine-feedwater pump.

11.9减负荷过程中，应检查下列疏水自动打开：

During deloading, check that drain valves are opened automatically as follows:

在30%额定负荷，确认低压缸各抽汽管疏水打开；

At 30% rated load, drain valves of LP cylinder extraction pipes are opened.

在20%额定负荷，打开再热冷、热段、中压联合汽门、中压缸和中压缸各段抽汽管道疏水门；

At 20% rated load, drain valves of cold and hot reheaters, combined reheat stop and intercept valve, IP cylinder and all IP extraction stages are opened.

在10%额定负荷，打开高压阀门、高压缸和导汽管、高压缸抽汽管道疏水门。

At 10% rated load, drain valves of HP valve, HP cylinder and steam-guide pipe, and

HP cylinder extraction pipes are opened.

11.10减负荷过程中，应特别注意高中压缸胀差的变化，当负胀差达到-1mm时应停止减负荷，若负胀差继续增大，采取措施无效而影响机组安全时，应快速减负荷至零停机。

During deloading, closely observe the change in differential expansion of HP and IP cylinder. Halt load reduction when the negative differential expansion reaches -1mm, and if it goes to worst even after remedial actions have been take, reduce the load quickly to zero.

11.11减负荷过程中根据运行情况及时调整燃料，必要时投入高低压旁路，注意低压缸排汽温度。

Adjust boiler fuel depending on the condition while the load is being reduced; apply HP and LP by-pass when necessary. Be sure to observe LP cylinder exhaust temperature.

11.12停机前试转交、直流润滑油泵和顶轴油泵，正常后停下直流油泵和顶轴油泵备用，交流油泵陪转。

Before shutting down the unit, put DC and AC lube oil pump and jack oil pump into opration. After ensuring they are in normal operation, stop DC oil pump and jacking oil pump and set them standby, while AC oil pump is left running.

11.13满足停机条件后，由电气将发电机解列，远方或就地打闸，检查高中压主汽门、调速汽门以及各抽汽逆止门迅速关闭，转速立即下降。

When preparations for shutdown are made, generator shall be disconnected from Grid by electrical operator and turbine tripped off remotely or locally. Check that HP and IP

main stop valves, CV/IV, and extraction steam non-return valves are closed quickly, and that rotor speed drops sharply.

11.14转速降到1200 rpm时，启动顶轴油泵。

When rotor speed decreases to 1200 rpm, jack oil pump shall be started.

11.15机组转速降到300 rpm时，打开真空破坏阀，转速降到零时连续盘车，停真空泵，同时记录大轴弯曲值及盘车电流。

When rotor speed decreases to 300 rpm, open vacuum break valve. When rotor speed decreases to zero, keep on turning gear and stop vacuum valve, and note down shaft hogging value and turning gear motor current.

11.16真空到零，停轴封供汽，停轴抽风机。

When vacuum gets to zero, shut off gland steam supply and stop gland extractor.

11.17停机后，确认主油箱内无油烟时，方可停排烟风机。

After the unit shut down, keep exhaust fan running before ensuring no oil gas inside main oil tank.

11.18调整冷油器出口油温在35℃左右。

Adjust oil cooler outlet temperature at about 35℃.

11.19高压内缸上半内壁温度降到150℃以下时可停止盘车及顶轴油泵，在停盘车后过8小时再停润滑油泵（在充氢条件下，润滑油泵及密封油泵必须陪转）。

Don’t stop turning gear and jack oil pump until upper wall temperature of HP inner cylinder decreases below 150℃. After turning gear stopped, wait for 8 hours before stopping lube oil pump. (Lube oil pump and sealing oil pump shall keep running when there is hydrogen inside generator.)

11.20在减负荷过程中应注意以下各项:

The following items should be paid attention when deloading:

11.20.1应密切监视辅汽压力、轴封压力、除氧器压力的变化，及时切换各自的供汽汽源，保证机组的安全运行。

Carefully note change in auxiliary steam pressure, gland steam pressure and deaerator pressure, change over steam supply timely to ensure safety operation.

11.20.2注意监视主蒸汽、再热蒸汽温度和汽缸金属温度下降速度应在允许范围内。

Make sure that main steam temperature, RH steam temperature cylinder metal temperature are decreasing at permissible rate.

11.20.3注意各监视段压力、温度、各加热器水位的变化。

Note the change in pressure and temperature of stage and changes in water level of each heater.

11.20.4注意监视发电机密封油系统、定冷水系统及氢气系统的运行状况。

Observe condition of generator sealing oil system, stator cooling water system and hydrogen system.

11.20.5在减负荷过程中，密切监视汽机振动、胀差、轴向位移、轴承温度、汽缸温度、低压缸排汽温度、真空等参数，并及时调整凝汽器、除氧器水位等。

During deloading, closely observe turbine vibration, differential expansion, axial displacement, bearing temperature, cylinder temperature, LP cylinder exhaust temperature, vacuum, etc., and adjust water lever of condenser and deaerator timely.

11.21其它注意事项按电厂运行规程执行。

For others, refer to power station operation regulations.

11.22按电厂运行规程完成停机后的其它操作。

Operations after the unit shut-down shall be carried out as per power station operation regulations.

12.安全注意事项：

Safety precautions

12.1机组试运初期，由于可靠性较差，电厂应安排足够数量的经过培训合格的运行人员参加试运，加强巡回检查，及时消除隐患。试运期间应勤分析、勤检查，做好事故预想，发现问题及时研究解决。

Considering the lower reliability of entire unit early in commissioning, it is desirable that sufficient qualified operators go into commissioning to intensify patrol and inspection and to assist in trouble shooting. Make contingency plan, eliminate hidden troubles, investigate and take remedial actions in time as abnormal condition occurs.

12.2检修工作应严格执行工作票制度，做好安全与系统隔离措施，防止发生人身和设备事故。

Observe strictly permit-to-work system, take safety measures provide for system isolation to prevent personal injury and equipment damage.

12.3本措施未涉及的内容，按电厂运行规程执行，若本措施与运行规程发生矛盾时，原则上按本措施执行。

For other items not covered in this procedure refer to power station operation regulations. In case of conflict between this procedure and the regulation, this procedure prevails.

注：本措施部分条款可根据实际情况，加以修改。

Note：Some items of this procedure are subject to changes based on specific situations.

13.附录：

Appendices

附录1汽机整套(空负荷、带负荷、满负荷)试运参数记录表

Appendix1 Turbine integral trial operation parameters (no-load, loading and full-load)

记录人： 日期：

Recorded by: date:

附录2汽机启动曲线（冷态）

Appendix 2 Turbine cold star-up curve

附录3汽机启动曲线（温态）

Appendix 3 Turbine warm star-up curve

附录4汽机启动曲线（热态）

Appendix 4 Turbine hot star-up curve

附录5汽机启动曲线（极热态）

Appendix 5 Turbine extremely-hot star-up curve

Notes: MST --- main steam temperature MSP --- main steam press

RST --- Reheat steam temperature

This curve is for cold startup at ambient temperature and doesn’t include HP cylinder preheating. Modification may be made based on operation condition and experience with specific machine.

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